肺通气功能程度与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者夜间低氧发生的相关性分析

目的:研究肺通气功能程度与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者夜间低氧发生的相关性。方法:选取2012年1月至2013年6月我院治疗的60例稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者,按肺通气功能分为轻度、中度、重度、极重度4组,每组15例,监测记录研究对象肺通气功能指标及夜间血氧指标,比较各组监测指标的差异,并分析其相关性。结果:不同病情程度COPD患者FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FVC、PEF、RV、RV/TLC、MsaO2、ODI、WsaO2、LsaO2、SIT90%有差异(P0.05);极重度和重度比较FEV1/FVC、FEV1、RV、MsaO2、ODI、WsaO2、LsaO2、SIT90%有差异(P0.05);极重度和中度比较FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FVC、PEF、RV、RV/TLC、MsaO2、ODI、WsaO2、LsaO2、SIT90%有差异(P0.05);极重度和轻度比较FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FVC、PEF、RV、RV/TLC、MsaO2、ODI、WsaO2、LsaO2、SIT90%有差异(P0.05);重度和中度比较FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FVC、PEF、RV/TLC、MsaO2有差异(P0.05);重度和轻度比较FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FVC、PEF、RV/TLC、MsaO2、ODI、LsaO2有差异(P0.05);中度和轻度比较FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FVC、PEF、ODI有差异(P0.05)。COPD患者的肺通气功能FEV1与MsaO2呈正相关(r=0.683,P0.05)。结论:肺通气功能程度与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者夜间低氧发生具有相关性。     

COPD患者改善体质量指数与肺功能变化的相关性

目的:探讨COPD患者改善体质量指数(BMD与肺功能变化的相关性.方法:经加强营养达正常BMI的患者(A组)与低BMI的COPD患者(B组),比较2组肺功能指标、6min步行距离、呼吸困难评分.结果:与B组相比,A组FEV1％、FEV1/FVC、SVC、MVV、IC均明显升高(P＜0.01),RV/TLC明显上升(P＜0.01),6min步行距离延长(P＜0.01)、呼吸困难评分明显降低(P＜0.01).Pearson 相关性分析显示,FEV1％、FEV1/FVC、SVC、MVV、IC、RV/TIC与BMI相关,6min步行距离与BMI呈正相关,呼吸困难评分与BMI呈负相关.结论:改善BMI可明显改善COPD患者的肺功能指标,减轻临床症状.     

BIPAP与舒利迭对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者血清IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α水平的影响

目的:研究BIPAP呼吸机联合舒利迭治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床效果及对患者血清IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α水平的影响。方法:选取2015年8月至2016年7月我院收治的84例慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并II型呼吸衰竭患者,根据入院顺序分为观察组和对照组,42例每组。对照组使用BIPAP呼吸机完成治疗,观察组采取舒利迭配合BIPAP呼吸机治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后血气指标(pH值、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)),肺功能指标(功能残气量(FRC)、残气量(RV)、深吸气量(IC)、肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)),生理指标(血压、呼吸频率、心率),血清IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组的p H值、Pa O2水平较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),PaCO_2较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),而对照组的pH值、PaCO_2、PaO_2水平和治疗前相比无显著差异(P0.05),观察组的pH值、PaO_2水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),PaCO_2显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者FRC、RV、IC、FVC、FEV1水平较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),和对照组相比,观察组的FRC、RV、IC、FVC、FEV1水平较高(P0.05);两组患者血压、呼吸频率、心率、血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:应用舒利迭配合BIPAP呼吸机治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并II型呼吸衰竭患者能有效改善患者肺功能,可能与其显著降低患者血清IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α水平有关。     

信必可对咳嗽变异性哮喘的辅助治疗

目的探讨信必可对咳嗽变异性哮喘患者的辅助治疗。方法选择2016年1月至2017年1月于宁波市第九医院就诊的117例咳嗽变异性哮喘患者,按照随机数字表将患者分为观察组(59例)和对照组(58例)。对照组患者采用常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合信必可治疗。两组患者疗程均为8周。比较两组患者治疗效果,治疗前后患者第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)与FEV1/用力肺活量(FVC)变化,白介素-5(IL-5)和白介素-10(IL-10)变化,以及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者总有效率(94.92%)高于对照组(75.86%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.550,P0.05)。两组患者治疗后FEV1和FEV1/FVC增加(P0.05),且治疗后观察组患者FEV1和FEV1/FVC高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后血清IL-5水平降低而IL-10水平增加(P0.05),且治疗后观察组患者血清IL-5水平低于对照组,血清IL-10水平高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者用药期间均未出现明显不良反应。结论信必可对咳嗽变异性哮喘患者辅助治疗的临床疗效显著,可改善患者肺功能,降低炎性介质IL-5水平和提高IL-10水平,患者无明显不良反应,安全可靠,值得进一步研究。     

顺铂联合立体定向体部放疗治疗晚期肺癌的疗效及对患者血清CYFRA21-1、DR70和肺功能的影响

目的:研究顺铂联合立体定向体部放疗治疗晚期肺癌的疗效及对患者血清角质蛋白21-1(CYFRA21-1)、DR70和肺功能的影响。方法:选择2016年2月到2018年2月在我院诊治的晚期肺癌患者110例,并根据随机数表法将其分为观察组(n=58)和对照组(n=52)。对照组使用常规化疗,观察组采用顺铂联合立体定向体部放疗。比较两组治疗后的疗效、治疗前后血清CYFRA21-1、DR70、第一秒最大呼气量(FEV1)、一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)、最大呼气流速峰值(PEF)及生活质量评分的变化。结果:治疗后,两组患者总有效率分别为86.21%、59.62%,观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组血清CYFRA21-1、DR70水平较治疗前均显著降低(P0.05),且观察组以上指标明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEF较治疗前均显著升高(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均明显高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者生活质量各项评分均较治疗前明显升高,且观察组患者生活质量各项评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:顺铂联合立体定向体部放疗治疗晚期肺癌的临床疗效显著优于单用常规化疗,其可有效改善患者血清CYFRA21-1、DR70水平和肺功能。     

乌司他丁联合布地奈德治疗支气管哮喘急性发作期的临床疗效及对患者血清PDCD5、S1P、OPN水平的影响

目的:探讨乌司他丁联合布地奈德治疗支气管哮喘急性发作期的临床疗效及对患者血清程序化细胞死亡因子5(PDCD5)、1-磷酸鞘氨醇(S1P)、骨桥蛋白(OPN)水平的影响。方法:选择2014年3月到2017年3月于我院进行治疗的170例支气管哮喘急性发作期患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为观察组(n=90)和对照组(n=80)。对照组使用布地奈德治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上使用乌司他丁进行治疗。比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前后血清PDCD5、S1P、OPN水平、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC水平的变化、临床症状改善情况及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组临床疗效总有效率为95.56%,明显高于对照组(71.25%,P0.05);两组血清PDCD5、S1P、OPN水平较治疗前均显著降低(P0.05),且观察组血清以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC水平较治疗前均显著升高(P0.05),观察组以上指标均明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者咳嗽、哮鸣音及胸闷气短消失时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05);观察组不良反应总发生率为6.67%,显著低于对照组(18.75%,P0.05)。结论:乌司他丁联合布地奈德治疗支气管哮喘急性发作期患者的临床效果显著优于单用布地奈德治疗,可能与其有效改善患者血清PDCD5、S1P、OPN水平有关。     

乌司他丁对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血清COX-2, PLA-2 及肺功能的影响

目的:探讨乌司他丁对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者血清环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、磷脂酶A2(PLA-2)及肺功能的影响。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年1月我院收治的82例COPD患者,随机分为观察组和对照组。对照组患者采取COPD常规处理,观察组在对照组的基础上给予乌司他丁,检测两组患者治疗前后的COX-2、PLA-2以及肺功能指标FEV1、FVC及FEV1/FVC。结果:治疗前,观察组和对照组的COX-2、PLA-2水平均无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后,观察组和对照组的COX-2、PLA-2均比治疗前显著降低,且观察组低于同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患者各项肺功能指标均无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后,观察组的FEV1、FVC及FEV1/FVC均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:乌司他丁能够有效降低COPD患者血清COX-2、PLA-2浓度,改善肺功能。     

盐酸氨溴索辅助治疗对慢性阻塞性肺病患者血清BNP, TNF-α及脂联素水平的影响

目的:探究盐酸氨溴索辅助治疗对慢性阻塞性肺病患者血清脑钠肽BNP,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)及脂联素(APN)水平影响。方法:收集我院收治的慢性阻塞性肺病患者患者70例,根据随机对照表分为对照组和试验组,其中试验组35例,对照组35例,对照组给予茶碱缓释片治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上予以盐酸氨溴索注射液治疗。观察并对比两组患者的临床疗效、肺功能、血清BNP、TNF-α、APN水平及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后与对照组相比,试验组临床总有效率较高(P0.05)。治疗后两组FEV1、FEV1/FVC以及FEV1占预计值升高(P0.05),与对照组相比,治疗组FEV1、FEV1/FVC以及FEV1占预计值较高(P0.05)。治疗后两组血清BNP、TNF-α以及APN水平下降(P0.05),与对照组相比,治疗组血清BNP、TNF-α以及APN水平较低(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生情况相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:盐酸氨溴索辅助治疗慢性阻塞性肺病患者临床疗效显著,可下调BNP、TNF-α以及脂联素水平。     

维生素A、D治疗毛细支气管炎和儿童支气管哮喘的临床效果研究

目的:探讨维生素A、D治疗毛细支气管炎和儿童支气管哮喘的临床效果。方法:选取2016年1月-2018年1月本院住院治疗的毛细支气管炎患儿120例、门诊就诊的支气管哮喘患儿120例、儿童保健门诊查体的健康患儿40例(近1年均无服用维生素AD史)作为研究对象。将毛细支气管炎组、哮喘组分别随机分为治疗组40例(常规治疗+口服维生素AD组)和对照组40例(常规治疗组)。治疗组补充口服维生素AD1粒qd,疗程共6个月。分别比较三组血清维生素A、D水平,随访6个月、1年内喘息的控制情况(喘息发作次数、持续时间、咳嗽程度、有无夜间症状或夜间憋醒、有无活动受限)及肺功能(第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC),哮喘组≥4岁患儿进行儿童哮喘控制测试(C-ACT)评分评价哮喘的控制情况。结果:观察组与对照组患儿血清维生素A、D水平无显著性差异(P0.05);观察组、对照组患者维生素A、D水平显著低于健康组患儿(P0.05);观察组患儿喘息发作次数、喘息发作时间、夜间症状、夜间憋醒、活动受限发生情况均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组各肺功能指标较治疗前均显著升高(P0.05),观察组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC水平及C-ACT评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05),观察组进展支气管哮喘的发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:维生素A、D治疗毛细支气管炎和儿童支气管哮喘的临床效果显著。     

布地奈德联合孟鲁司特钠治疗哮喘儿童的临床效果及对患儿免疫功能、CysLTs及FLAP表达的影响

目的:探讨布地奈德联合孟鲁司特钠治疗哮喘儿童的临床效果及对患儿免疫功能、血清半胱氨酸白三烯(Cys LTs)及5-脂氧合酶激活蛋白(FLAP)表达的影响。方法:选取2015年3月至2017年1月我院收治的支气管哮喘患儿118例,按随机原则将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各59例。对照组通过布地奈德气雾剂进行治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联用孟鲁司特钠进行治疗,分析和比较两组的临床疗效、治疗前后肺功能、免疫功能、血清Cys LTs及FLAP水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组临床总有效率(93.22%)显著高于对照组(77.97%)(P0.05);两组FEV1、FVC及FEV1/FVC均较治疗前显著增加(P0.05),且观察组FEV1、FVC及FEV1/FVC较对照组显著增加(P0.05);两组CD4~+及CD4~+/CD8~+较治疗前显著增加,CD8~+较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),观察组CD4~+及CD4~+/CD8~+较对照组显著增加,CD8~+较对照组显著降低(P0.05);两组Cys LTs及FLAP较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),观察组Cys LTs及FLAP较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。结论:布地奈德与孟鲁司特钠联合用药能有效的提高哮喘患儿的临床疗效,改善患儿肺功能,其作用机制可能与增强患儿免疫功能及降低血清Cys LTs及FLAP的表达有关。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418