免疫组织化学在淋巴组织疾病诊断中的应用与结果评价

目的提高对合理应用免疫组化标记及正确评价免疫组化结果重要性的认识。方法回顾性分析3例淋巴组织疾病的临床资料,进行组织形态学观察并增加相关抗体标记予以鉴别诊断。结果例l为弥漫大B细胞性淋巴瘤,梭形细胞变异型,误诊为未分化肉瘤与形态学观察遗漏中心和中心母细胞特征的淋巴样细胞,没考虑到淋巴瘤的梭形细胞形态变异以及免疫标记的选择失误有关。例2为急性淋巴结T区增生误诊为T细胞淋巴瘤与忽略患者临床信息及对免疫组化阳性细胞量变及强弱评价有误相关。例3为经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤误诊为间变性大细胞淋巴瘤与对霍奇金淋巴瘤组织形态认识不足及淋巴瘤标记抗体的配伍不当有关。结论淋巴组织疾病的诊断建立在形态学、免疫组化、临床资料和遗传学基础上,免疫组化标记的选择与结果的正确分析对淋巴瘤确诊至关重要。     

滤泡树突细胞肉瘤二例报道并文献复习

目的探讨滤泡树突细胞肉瘤（FDCS）的临床表现、病理形态、免疫组化、生物学行为和预后,提高对该病的认识。方法对2例滤泡树突细胞肉瘤进行报道,并结合临床资料、肿瘤大体及镜下特征、免疫组化标记结果及预后和国内外文献进行分析。结果2例FDCS,1例发生于颈部淋巴结,另1例发生于肠系膜,镜检肿瘤由梭形及卵圆形细胞组成,呈束状、漩涡状、编织状排列;免疫组化显示肿瘤细胞CD21、CD23和CD35阳性;患者预后不良。结论滤泡树突细胞肉瘤是一种罕见且容易误诊的低度恶性肿瘤,组织化学和免疫组化染色有助于该肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断,减少误诊。     

儿童胸腺淋巴上皮瘤样癌的临床病理分析

目的:探讨儿童胸腺淋巴上皮瘤样癌(lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma,LELC)的临床病理学特征、免疫表型、诊断和鉴别诊断。方法:分析2例LELC患儿的临床表现、病理形态和免疫表型,并进行文献复习。结果:1例发生于6岁男童,1例发生于10岁女童,以发热、胸痛就诊。大体检查肿物结节状,有包膜,切面实性灰褐色,质软。组织学上肿瘤细胞呈巢状、条索状排列,肿瘤细胞合体样,细胞核大,空泡状,核仁明显,核分裂像易见,间质大量小淋巴细胞浸润。免疫组化标记显示CK、CK5/6、CK7、CK8/18阳性,OCT-4、SALL-4、GCP3、AFP阴性,淋巴造血细胞标记阴性。EB病毒原位分子杂交检查示EBV阳性。结论:LELC是儿童少见的肿瘤,根据临床病理学特征和免疫表型容易诊断,诊断需与生殖细胞肿瘤及淋巴瘤鉴别,患者预后较差。     

一例皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤的报告

目的分析皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤的临床表现及病理组织学特征,探讨其诊断和治疗方法,提高临床医生对该病的认识。方法对1例面部和下肢浮肿及全身多发硬结1月余,发热1周的患者临床表现的演变、确诊时的组织病理学特点、免疫组织化学结果等多方面进行观察。结果皮肤活检发现组织学病变主要局限于皮下脂肪间质内见核深染的异型细胞弥漫分布或环绕脂肪细胞分布。免疫组化示CD3+,CD8+,CD68+,TiA-1+,G-B+,CD20-,CD7-,TDT-,提示为T细胞来源。治疗(环磷酰胺+长春新碱+表阿霉素)1疗程患者自动出院回家。结论皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤是一种特殊类型的原发性皮肤淋巴瘤,对不明原因的全身皮肤多发硬结伴发热的患者应该考虑该病的可能。病损处皮肤活检是确诊该病的主要手段。治疗常用联合化疗,如CHOP方案。本病预后较差。     

浅谈免疫组化标记结果的解读与淋巴瘤的诊断

目的 提高对正确解读免疫组化结果的重要性的认识.方法 对3例淋巴瘤误诊病例进行复习,并增加相关抗体标记予以鉴别诊断.结果 例1,滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)误诊为淋巴结淋巴组织反应性增生,与形态学观察忽略肿瘤性滤泡及对免疫表型Bc12表达的认识不足有关.例2,经典型富于淋巴细胞型霍奇金淋巴瘤(LRCHL).①误诊为FL,与形态学观察遗漏R-S细胞,以及误判免疫组化标记Bcl2、CD20有关,即将Bcl2、CD20阳性的非肿瘤细胞,误判为肿瘤细胞.②误诊为结节性淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤(NLPHL)与免疫组化标记的错误解读有关,把围绕瘤细胞的背景小淋巴细胞CD20阳性,误判为R-S细胞CD20阳性;将CD30阳性的R-S细胞,误判为活化性B淋巴细胞.例3,AML误诊为T-LBL.主要是对瘤细胞表达非特异性抗体TDT、CD7、CD43的意义认识不足有关.结论 淋巴瘤的诊断是建立在形态学、免疫组化标记、临床资料和遗传学之上的,而且,免疫组化标记结果的正确解读对淋巴瘤的诊断至关重要.     

嫌色性肾细胞癌17例临床病理学分析

目的探讨嫌色性肾细胞癌的临床病理特征、诊断与鉴别诊断要点。方法对17例嫌色性肾细胞癌进行组织形态学、免疫组化染色及Hale’s胶样铁染色观察,结合文献对其临床表现、病理形态特点及鉴别诊断进行探讨。结果嫌色性肾细胞癌17例,大体肿瘤直径3-10.5cm。镜下肿瘤由嫌色细胞和嗜酸细胞构成,呈片状、梁状和腺泡状分布。嫌色细胞体积较大,多角形,胞膜清晰,胞质半透明细网状,胞核皱缩,可见核沟及核异型,核仁不明显;而嗜酸细胞胞质嗜酸,可见明显的核周空晕。免疫组化:EMA 100%阳性,CD10 52.9%阳性,Vimentin阴性,CK7 88.2%阳性,P504S29.4%阳性,CD11794.1%阳性。Hale’s胶样铁染色100%阳性。17例中12例随访6个月到3年,仅1例在术后15个月发现肝脏转移,其余均未发现复发及转移。结论嫌色性肾细胞癌是一种少见的肾肿瘤,恶性程度相对较低,预后良好。掌握该肿瘤独特的病理学特征,对鉴别其他肾上皮性肿瘤有重要帮助。     

卵巢囊性颗粒细胞瘤的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨卵巢囊性颗粒细胞瘤的临床病理学特征、诊断和鉴别诊断要点。方法:复习1例卵巢囊性颗粒细胞瘤患者的临床资料、肿物的大体以及镜下病理组织学特征、免疫组化染色特征。结果:患者左侧单房囊性颗粒细胞瘤,大小为14.6 cm×18.9 cm×9.8 cm,囊壁厚薄不均一;镜下可见内壁由颗粒细胞组成,细胞层数不一,可见典型的Call-Exner小体;免疫组化染色可见α-inhibin,Vimentin,CD99均阳性。结论:卵巢囊性颗粒细胞瘤可依据镜下发现不典型增生的颗粒细胞、典型的Call-Exner小体和核沟等特征性的组织形态学作出诊断。     

甲状腺浆细胞瘤1 例及文献复习

目的:探讨甲状腺浆细胞瘤的病理学特点及临床表现。方法:对1例甲状腺浆细胞瘤进行组织学表现、免疫组化染色观察及文献复习。结果:组织学特点:肿瘤细胞成分单一,大多数为分化较为成熟的肿瘤性浆细胞,胞核圆形或卵圆形,大小较一致,常偏位,染色质呈车辐状或钟面状。免疫组化特点:肿瘤细胞表达CD20(++)、CD79a(+)、CD38(++)、CD138(+)、κ链(++)。结论:甲状腺浆细胞瘤是甲状腺一种少见的肿瘤,应同炎症反应的浆细胞增生及低分化癌、淋巴瘤、髓样癌等相鉴别,可以通过免疫组化染色及形态学观察进行鉴别诊断。     

甲状腺上皮样血管内皮瘤临床病理及分子生物学特点分析

为探讨甲状腺上皮样血管内皮瘤的病理形态特征、免疫表型和鉴别诊断,对2例甲状腺上皮样血管内皮瘤进行临床资料分析、随访,并观察其病理形态及免疫组织化学染色分析。2例甲状腺上皮样血管内皮瘤均位于甲状腺下极,实性,切面暗红色,镜下由增生的血管内皮细胞构成,具有上皮样细胞形态,胞浆较丰富,嗜酸性,多呈空泡状,细胞间可见血管腔,免疫组化:CD34(+)、Vim(+)、细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin,CK)(-)、甲状腺球蛋白(thyroid globulin,TG)(-)。上皮样血管内皮瘤是一种罕见的甲状腺肿瘤,其生物学行为属于低度恶性。     

促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤临床病理分析并文献复习

目的探讨促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤(desmoplastic small round cell tumor,DSRCT)的临床病理特征、免疫组织化学特征、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。方法运用组织学与免疫组织化学分析1例穿刺标本中DSRCT的组织学形态及免疫组织化学表型特征,并复习相关文献。结果患者男性,29岁,无明显诱因右腹部出现一包块,肿瘤标记物示NSE升高。腹腔肿块穿刺组织,镜下见纤维结缔组织中小圆形细胞巢。细胞核深染圆形、卵圆形,核仁不明显,核分裂象易见,胞质少,界限不清,瘤细胞间为增生的致密结缔组织,并可见血管增生。免疫组化:肿瘤细胞CD117阳性,desmin、PCK、vimentin、EMA核旁散点灶阳性,WT-1,LCA、NSE、Cg A、DOG1、SMA、CD34、Bcl-2、myoglobin、myogenin、Myo D1、S-100、CD99、BCL-2均阴性。结论 DSRCT是一种罕见的高度恶性软组织小细胞肿瘤,预后较差,小的活检标本中可能不会出现典型的特征,增加诊断的困难,免疫组织化学可辅助诊断。     

Comparative Characteristics of Immunological,Clinical and Morphological Features of Human Lymphoid Tumors in Respect with Tumor Genesis and Progression

We describe three lymphoid tumors with the same immunophenotype characteristic for chronic lymphoid leukemia (CD19⁺/CD5⁺, clonality of the light immunoglobulin chains, CD23⁺ and CD10^–). However, clinical picture and morphology of neoplastic cells dictate different clinical forms of these cases: chronic lymphoid leukemia, large cell transformation of chronic lymphoid leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Taking into account that immunophenotype reflects the origin of tumor, while clinical outcome and morphological features of cells reflect the stage of tumor progression and/or pathway of tumor formation, we discuss the approach to natural classification of lymphoid tumors based on the process of their evolution.     

BCL10 expression is unrelated to clinico-pathological parameters or prognoses for oral squamous cell carcinomas

Abstract

BCL-10 (B-cell lymphoma 10) has been linked to a pro-apoptotic gene in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. We describe the expression of BCL10 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its relation to clinical, pathological and prognostic parameters. We carried out a retrospective study of 50 patients in Spain who were diagnosed with OSCC. We constructed a tissue microarray of the samples to study the expression of BCL10 using immunohistochemistry. Diffuse and homogeneous staining was observed in the nuclei and cytoplasms of most neoplastic cells of the vast majority of tumors and no significant differences were seen in different areas of the tumors. The expression was unrelated to any clinical or pathological parameters including tumor stage. The intra-class coefficient was 0.97, which indicates the minimal variability among the determinations.     

一例少见青少年T幼淋巴细胞白血病的病例报道及文献回顾

目的:报道一例少见幼年幼淋巴细胞白血病(T-PLL)患者的病例资料及诊疗过程,并通过文献复习总结了T-PLL的临床特点和诊疗措施。方法:对病例资料进行对比分析,同时通过文献回顾研究T-PLL的特点及发生、发展及诊疗情况。结果:本病例为少见青少年型幼淋巴细胞白血病,细胞以成熟小淋巴细胞为主,特征免疫表型为CD7~+CD5~+CD4~+CD8~+CD3~+,无染色体异常,有TCR基因重排。结论:T-PLL病例具有多态性及复杂性,在临床诊断中需要密切联系临床特点及实验室诊断,综合判断疾病情况,做出最优治疗方案。     

流式细胞术检测外周血淋巴细胞诊断淋巴瘤的应用研究

目的:探讨流式细胞术(FCM)检测外周血淋巴细胞在淋巴瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法:通过筛选2011年8月至2017年8月期间初诊的皮肤淋巴瘤病例25例,淋巴节良性病变6例,采用FCM检测外周血淋巴细胞表面抗原分子,通过与病理切片HE染色和免疫组化法(金标准)比较,分析两种检测方法之间的差异。结果:在31例检测病例中,FCM检测结果与金标准检测结果一致性较高(Kappa=0.61):26例检查结果相同,5例检查结果不一致;检测19例T淋巴细胞淋巴瘤,FCM检测结果与金标准检测结果一致性也较高(Kappa=0.57):检测14例初诊为T细胞淋巴瘤病例,FCM检测T淋巴瘤细胞的表面抗原标志CD3分子为阳性,与组织学结果相符,另有5例T细胞淋巴瘤病例HE染色和免疫组化诊断明确,而FCM未能检出。检测6例B细胞淋巴瘤病例,6例淋巴瘤病例FCM检测结果都为阳性,FCM检测B淋巴瘤细胞的表面抗原标志CD19分子为阳性,与金标准检测结果符合率为100%。6例淋巴节良性病变病例FCM检测结果与金标准检测结果一致。结论:通过FCM检测外周血可以检测出部分皮肤淋巴瘤,FCM在皮肤淋巴瘤诊断和分型中有一定的临床价值,是检测皮肤淋巴瘤的有效的辅助方法。     

15例多发性骨髓瘤早期误诊临床探究及启示

目的:总结分析多发性骨髓瘤(Multiple Myeloma,MM)的临床资料和实验室特点,增强对该病的认识,降低漏诊和误诊率。方法:对15例确诊MM患者的临床资料和实验室数据进行回顾性分析。结果:15例确诊的MM患者中,贫血13例,肾功能损害10例,骨痛和骨骼疾患3例,肺部感染1例,颅内占位1例,全血细胞减少1例,升主动脉扩张1例,以贫血、肾功能受损和骨折骨痛最多见。骨髓细胞学检查可见浆细胞比例增高,形态呈多样化,可见双核、多核的骨髓瘤细胞。X线或CT检查可见多发性虫蚀样及穿凿样骨质破坏影,密度低,边界清或不清,甚至出现病理性骨折。血清免疫固定电泳检出M蛋白。结论:多发性骨髓瘤多见于中老年人,随人口老龄化发病率逐年上升,其临床表现复杂多样,引起贫血、感染、肾功能损害、骨痛、病理性骨折,甚至局部肿物或占位等罕见临床症状,缺乏特异性,常造成误诊,在实际工作中临床工作人员应加强对MM的认识,掌握其临床表现的复杂特点,对异常的实验室检查结果应加以综合分析,使多发性骨髓瘤能够得到及时确诊和治疗。     

Comparative characteristics of immunological, clinical and morphological features of human lymphoid tumors in respect with tumor genesis and progression

We describe three lymphoid tumors with the same immunophenotype characteristic for chronic lymphoid leukemia (CD19+/CD5+, clonality of the light immunoglobulin chains, CD23+ and CD10-). However, clinical picture and morphology of neoplastic cells dictate different clinical forms of these cases: chronic lymphoid leukemia, large cell transformation of chronic lymphoid leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Taking into account that immunophenotype reflects the origin of tumor, while clinical outcome and morphological features of cells reflect the stage of tumor progression and/or pathway of tumor formation, we discuss the approach to natural classification of lymphoid tumors based on the process of their evolution.     

Primary gastric T cell lymphoma mimicking marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

Primary gastric T cell lymphoma is rare and mostly of large cell type. In this paper, we present a case of gastric T cell lymphoma morphologically similar to the gastric marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Morphologically, the cells are small with abundant clear cytoplasm. Lymphoepithelial lesions are readily identified with diffuse destruction of gastric glands. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells are CD3+/CD4+/CD8−/Granzyme B−. Molecular studies revealed monoclonal T cell receptor γ gene rearrangement. Clinically, the patient responded initially to four cycles of R-CHOP, but then progressed. Because peripheral T cell lymphoma is usually associated with a poor prognosis, whereas marginal zone B cell lymphoma is an indolent lymphoproliferative disorder, this morphologic mimicry should be recognized and completely investigated when atypical small lymphoid infiltrates with lymphoepithelial lesions are encountered in the stomach.     

Overexpression of Interleukin-1α Suppresses Liver Metastasis of Lymphoma: Implications for Antitumor Effects of CD8+ T-cells

Interleukin (IL)-1 plays a key role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Although IL-1 may enhance the expansion of CD8+ T-cells, the pathological contribution of IL-1-activated CD8+ T-cells to tumor metastasis remains unclear. This study used a liver metastasis model of the EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells transplanted into human IL (hIL)-1α conditional transgenic (hIL-1α cTg) mice. Overproduction of hIL-1α suppressed both macroscopic and histological liver metastasis of EL4 T-cell lymphoma. The hIL-1α-induced inflammatory state increased the number of CD8+ T-cells both within and around metastatic tumors. Moreover, larger numbers of CD8+ T-cells showed greater infiltration of liver blood vessels in hIL-1α cTg mice than in control wild-type mice. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining of liver tissue from hIL-1α cTg mice indicated increased apoptosis of cells in the tumor. Localization of apoptosis cells resembled that of CD8+ T-cells. In addition, cytotoxicity assay showed that CD8+ T-cell counts from tumor-bearing hIL-1α cTg mice correlated with cytotoxicity against EL4. In summary, IL-1α suppresses lymphoma metastasis, and IL-1α-activated CD8+ T-cells may play important roles in inhibiting both tumor metastasis and metastatic tumor growth: