三维回转骨细胞条件培养基对成骨细胞功能的调节作用

骨细胞是骨组织中主要的力学感受器.研究失重条件下骨细胞对效应细胞的调控作用对于揭示失重引起的骨丢失机制具有重要意义.本研究拟采用三维回转器模拟失重,探讨模拟失重骨细胞条件培养基(RCM)对成骨功能的调节作用.小鼠骨细胞系MLO-Y4三维回转培养72h后,收集回转条件培养基(RCM)和未回转对照组的条件培养基(CCM),用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色(MTT)法、对硝基苯磷酸(pNPP)法和流式细胞术(FCM)分别检测RCM对小鼠成骨样细胞系MC3T3-E1增殖、周期及细胞分泌碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性的影响.采用RT-PCR方法检测RCM对MC3T3-E1成骨相关基因表达的影响.结果显示,三维随机回转72h后的MLO-Y4RCM可促进MC3T3-E1增殖:条件培养基培养MC3T3-E124h和48h后,50%RCM组比CCM组分别增加了1.62和1.60倍,差异显著(*P0.05),培养72h后,100%RCM组比CCM组增加了1.69倍,差异显著(*P0.05);细胞周期检测结果表明,条件培养基培养24、48和72h后,RCM组部分恢复CCM引起的MC3T3-E1细胞周期阻滞;MC3T3-E1的ALP活性在RCM组和CCM组之间无差异;RT-PCR检测结果表明,100%MLO-Y4条件培养基培养MC3T3-E148h后,降低了成骨相关基因ALP、Runx2、OPN、OC的表达.差异显著(*P0.05,**P0.01,***P0.001).实验结果表明,三维随机回转模拟失重培养骨细胞72h后的条件培养基促进了成骨细胞增殖,抑制了成骨相关基因表达.     

白藜芦醇通过Pi3K/AKT 通路抑制胃癌SGC-7901 细胞增殖和迁移

目的:验证白藜芦醇是否可以抑制胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖和迁移及其信号通路。方法:用不同浓度白藜芦醇干预SGC-7901细胞,再用LY-294002和IGF-1分别用来抑制和激活Pi3K/AKT通路。MTT法测细胞增殖,划痕试验和Transwell试验测细胞迁移,Western blot检测细胞迁移相关蛋白(MMP-2、MMP-9)、细胞迁移相关蛋白(P21、P27)、以及AKT、p-AKT的表达情况;结果:相比于对照组,白藜芦醇组胃癌细胞增殖和迁移减弱(P=0.001),p-AKT表达减少(P0.001);LY-294002可以抑制p-AKT的表达(P=0.004),和白藜芦醇一样可以抑制胃癌细胞的增殖和迁移;IGF-1可以显著增加p-AKT的表达(P0.001),可以逆转白藜芦醇对胃癌细胞增殖和迁移的抑制作用。结论:白藜芦醇通过抑制Pi3K/AKT信号通路抑制胃癌细胞增殖和迁移。     

不同温度下成骨细胞增殖及其OPG/RANKL mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨不同温度下对小鼠成骨细胞MC3T3-E1的增殖以及OPG/RANKL表达水平的影响。方法:1.以小鼠成骨细胞MC3T3-E1为体外实验模型,MTT法检检测细胞的增殖情况。2.RT-PCR方法检测MC3T3-E1OPG/RANKL mRNA的表达水平。结果:设定对照组为37℃,高于对照组(38℃-39℃-40℃-41℃-42℃)分别作用于MC3T3-E1细胞1小时/天,连续1周,可刺激细胞增殖,OD值显著增加(P<0.05)。同时可增加OPG mRNA表达,降低RANKL mRNA表达,呈温度梯度依赖性。结论:热刺激促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖,同时通过调节OPG/RANKL mRNA的表达,直接促进骨形成,抑制骨吸收。     

GW501516对低氧条件下肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的作用及其机制*

目的: 观察过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体δ(PPARδ)激动剂GW501516对低氧原代大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)增殖的影响,并探讨其可能机制,为低氧肺血管重构的防治寻找新靶点。方法: 对照组PASMCs采用21%氧气培养,低氧组采用 3％氧气诱导PASMCs增殖,通过不同浓度的GW501516(10、30、100 nmol/L)低氧条件下孵育PASMCs 12、24、48 h筛选GW501516抑制低氧PASMCs增殖的最适浓度;选择100 nmol/L GW501516和(或)蛋白激酶B(AKT)激动剂SC79在低氧条件下孵育PASMCs 24 h,探讨GW501516抑制PASMCs增殖可能机制,通过CCK-8与BrdU试剂盒检测细胞增殖与DNA的合成,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期,实时定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测细胞周期蛋白(Cyclin)D1,细胞周期蛋白激酶抑制蛋白p27(p27)mRNA的表达,Western blot检测PPARδ、总的和磷酸化蛋白激酶B(AKT)与糖原合酶激酶3β(GSK3β)的表达。结果: 与低氧组相比,不同浓度的GW501516(10、30、100 nmol/L)干预12、24、48 h后能够抑制低氧条件下PASMCs增殖与DNA的合成,且100 nmol/L GW501516抑制作用最强(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);与对照组相比,100 nmol/L GW501516干预PASMCs 24 h能够显著上调PPARδ的表达,而低氧可显著下调PPARδ的表达(P＜0.01);与低氧组相比,100 nmol/L GW501516干预24 h后能够显著抑制PASMCs增殖与DNA的合成(P＜0.01),增加处于G0/G1期的PASMCs比例,明显减少S期和G2/M期的PASMCs比例(P＜0.05 或P＜0.01),显著抑制Cyclin D1 mRNA的表达并促进p27 mRNA的表达(P＜ 0.01),显著抑制AKT与GSK3β磷酸化(P＜0.01),而与100 nmol/L GW501516低氧组相比,AKT激动剂SC79能够逆转100 nmol/L GW501516 上述作用(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。结论: GW501516通过抑制AKT/GSK3β信号通路抑制低氧条件下PASMCs增殖。     

基于PI3K/AKT通路探究上调miR-210对牙髓干细胞增殖、凋亡能力的影响

摘要 目的：研究基于磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)通路探究上调微小RNA 210(miR-210)对大鼠牙髓干细胞增殖、凋亡能力的影响。方法：选取10只健康Sprague-Dawley（SD）雄性大鼠,颈椎脱臼处死后提取大鼠下切牙牙髓,进行牙髓干细胞培养和鉴定。分为正常组（未进行处理）,miR-210抑制组（给予20 nmol/L的miR-210抑制物）,miR-210对照组（给予20 nmol/L的miR-210模拟物）三组。采用CCK-8法检测牙髓干细胞增殖活性,酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测ALP活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,采用免疫印迹（Western blot）检测PI3K、AKT蛋白。结果：与正常组相比,miR-210抑制组细胞增殖、ALP活性降低,细胞凋亡率升高;miR-210对照组细胞增殖、ALP活性升高,细胞凋亡率降低（P＜0.05）。与miR-210抑制组相比,miR-210对照组细胞增殖、ALP活性升高,细胞凋亡率降低（P＜0.05）。与正常组相比,miR-210抑制组PI3K、p-AKT蛋白表达降低,miR-210对照组PI3K、p-AKT蛋白表达升高（P＜0.05）。与miR-210抑制组相比,miR-210对照组PI3K、p-AKT蛋白表达升高（P＜0.05）。结论：miR-210通过调控PI3K、p-AKT蛋白激活PI3K/AKT通路,促进大鼠牙髓干细胞增殖,抑制牙髓干细胞凋亡。     

MC3T3-E1前成骨细胞培养时间对矿化结节表达的影响

目的:观察MC3T3-E1前成骨细胞不同培养时间点矿化结节的形态,探讨一个既节省实验时间与经费,又便于观察矿化结节形态差异的实验方法。方法:将MC3T3-E1前成骨细胞按培养时间分为四组(14、21、28、35天组),各组实验结束时行茜素红染色,光学显微镜下观察矿化结节的形态变化。结果:各组均见红色的矿化结节形成,随培养时间延长,染色面积增大,密度增高,14天时结节轮廓清晰,结节间距较大,21天时结节面积增大,28天时结节边界超出视野,35天时视野内大片深染,结节轮廓不清。结论:在本实验周期内,MC3T3-E1前成骨细胞培养14至21天通过茜素红染色可以较清晰地观察矿化结节,其中培养14天时即可观察到结节大小、数量及形态,考虑到实验时间及经费的因素,我们认为MC3T3-E1前成骨细胞培养14天后行茜素红染色是观察不同因素对其矿化产生影响的适宜时间点。     

甲状旁腺激素对成骨细胞中ClC-3 氯通道表达及成骨分化影响的研究

目的:观察甲状旁腺激素(PTH)对成骨细胞中Cl C-3氯通道表达及成骨分化影响,初步探索Cl C-3介导PTH在细胞成骨分化中的作用。方法:采用10-8M、10-9M、10-10M PTH持续刺激和间断刺激MC3T3-E1细胞72 h后,通过CCK-8试剂盒法检测MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖情况,Real-Time PCR法检测MC3T3-E1细胞中Clcn3及成骨相关基因Alp、Runx2的表达情况,免疫荧光法检测10-9M PTH不同给药方式下对Cl C-3蛋白表达的影响。结果 :经不同浓度PTH连续和间断处理72 h后,结果显示10-9 M PTH间断刺激的MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖能力最强,且其Alp、Runx2 m RNA表达均高于10-8 M组和10-10 M组(P<0.05),而相同浓度间断刺激的MC3T3-E1细胞成骨相关基因的表达均高于持续刺激组,以10-9M间断刺激组差异最显著(P<0.05),而10-8 M和10-10M均无统计学差异(P>0.05),10-9 M PTH刺激的MC3T3-E1细胞中Cl C-3蛋白表达也显著增加(P<0.05)。结论 :成骨细胞的Cl C-3氯通道能够响应PTH的刺激发生变化,并伴随着成骨相关基因Alp、Runx2表达的增强。     

TRPM7调控PI3K/AKT通路对人脑血管外膜成纤维细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

人脑血管外膜成纤维细胞(HBVAFs)的异常增殖参与了血管增殖性疾病的发生发展。该研究探讨TRPM7(transient receptor potential melastatin 7)能否通过调控PI3K/AKT信号通路影响HBVAFs增殖和凋亡。体外培养HBVAFs细胞,分为如下几组:parental(正常培养HBVAFs细胞)、si-NC、si-TRPM7、si-NC+IGF-1(PI3K/AKT信号通路激活剂)、si-TRPM7+IGF-1。通过qRT-PCR法检测TRPM7 mRNA表达;CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力;流式细胞术检测细胞周期及凋亡情况;Western blot法检测目的蛋白水平。结果显示,si-TRPM7转染可显著降低HBVAFs细胞中TRPM7 mRNA和蛋白表达水平(P0.001);与si-NC组比较,si-TRPM7组细胞增殖活力下降(P0.001),细胞G_0～G_1期细胞比率上升(P0.001),S期细胞比率下降(P0.001),周期调控蛋白CCND1、CDK2、CDK4水平均明显下降(P0.001),凋亡百分比增加(P0.001),Bcl-2、p-PI3K及p-AKT蛋白表达下降(P0.001),Bax、cleaved caspase-3及Cytochrome c蛋白表达增加(P0.001);而PI3K/AKT信号通路激活剂IGF-1处理可有效逆转si-TRPM7介导的上述改变(P0.001)。这些结果提示,干扰TRPM7表达可通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路激活发挥抑制HBVAFs细胞增殖并诱导凋亡的作用,为TRPM7作为血管增殖性疾病的治疗靶点提供理论依据。     

小檗碱通过PI3K/AKT信号通路调控人牙周膜干细胞的增殖和成骨分化

该文旨在探讨小檗碱(berberine)对人牙周膜干细胞(hPDLSCs)增殖和成骨分化的影响及潜在的机制。体外培养hPDLSCs,将其分为空白对照(Con)组、PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制剂LY294002(LY)组、小檗碱(Ber)组和小檗碱+PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制剂LY294002(Ber+LY)组,采用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)法检测h PDLSCs的增殖活力,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布,酶联免疫检测仪检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)分析增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)、骨钙蛋白(OCN)、骨膜蛋白(POSTN)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)的表达情况,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测PCNA、Cyclin D1、OCN、POSTN、OPN和PI3K/AKT信号通路相关蛋白的表达情况。与Con组相比,Ber组h PDLSCs增殖活力,ALP的活性,S期和G₂/M期细胞比例,PCNA、Cyclin D1、OCN、POSTN、OPN、p-PI3K和p-AKT的表达水平均显著升...     

颗粒蛋白前体抑制钙盐诱导主动脉瓣膜间质细胞成骨分化

该文主要研究颗粒蛋白前体(progranulin,PGRN)对猪主动脉瓣膜间质细胞(valve interstitial cells,VICs)成骨分化的影响及机制,为钙化性主动脉瓣膜病(calcific aortic valve disease,CAVD)的早期干预及治疗提供理论依据。采用免疫组化检测正常组和CAVD组中Runx2、OPN的表达,Western blot检测PGRN、纤维化指标α-SMA、钙化指标(Runx2、OPN)的表达以及AKT磷酸化水平。采用胶原酶连续消化法分离VICs,并用免疫荧光染色行表型鉴定。体外实验加入人PGRN重组蛋白,采用ALP染色、茜素红S染色、qPCR和Western blot检测细胞早期及晚期成骨分化能力以及AKT的磷酸化水平;并加入AKT的激活剂SC-79进行反向验证。结果表明,与正常组织相比,CAVD瓣膜组织中PGRN明显降低,α-SMA、Runx2、OPN和p-AKT在CAVD组中表达均明显高于正常组。成功分离出原代VICs,α-SMA和vimentin阳性,vWF阴性。PGRN可使VICs的ALP活性降低、钙盐沉积明显减少;PGRN可下调纤维化/钙化指标,且AKT的磷酸化水平降低;SC-79可减弱PGRN对纤维化/钙化指标的下调作用。提示PGRN能够抑制静止的VIC向肌纤维母细胞样的活化VIC乃至成骨样VIC进行转化,AKT信号通路可能在该过程中发挥重要作用。     

Flavonol 3-glycosides from the leaves of Flemingia stricta

A new glycoside, tamarixetin 3-rhamnoside together with kaempferol 3-rhamnoside, mearnsetin 3-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-rhamnoside, myricetin 3-rhamnoside and sitosterol glucoside, was identified from the leaves of Flemingia stricta     

Strain differences in the induction of soluble and microsomal enzymes by phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene

The ability of phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) to induce liver microsomal and soluble enzymes was compared in Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats. 3MC increased the V for the aniline hydroxylase and stimulated the formation of the hemoprotein P₄₄₈ to a similar extent in the 2 strains of rats. On the other hand phenobarbital increased the V for the microsomal enzyme aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase and enhanced the activity of the soluble enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase only in Sprague-Dawley rats. It induced a more marked increase of cytochrome P₄₅₀ in the Sprague-Dawley than in the Long-Evans strain.     

灰绿藜和碱蒿NHX基因 3'-UTR序列的差异性分析

采用3'末端快速扩增技术,分别从新疆野生盐生植物灰绿藜和碱蒿中克隆CgNHX和AaNHX cDNA 3'末端.测序结果表明克隆获得的片段为CgNHX和AaNHX基因3'末端,并且CgNHX和AaNHX3'-UTR的不同拷贝之间存在很大的差异性.序列同源性分析结果显示,AaNHX基因3'-UTR与CgNHX基因3'-UTR同源性高达52%,两者与SsNHX(碱蓬NHX)同源性分别达到60%和54%,表明NHX基因的加工方式可能相同,同时说明该基因在野生盐生植物中的功能是很重要的.     

羊驼皮肤cDNA文库构建及鉴定

采用原核表达载体pet-32-a 构建了羊驼皮肤组织cDNA文库。双链cDNA采用Universal Ribo Clonec DNA Synthesis System合成,并经过琼脂糖分级胶回收,去除了小于400 bp的片断;通过酶切载体的去磷酸化和插入片断的磷酸化,提高了重组率,蓝白斑筛选结果全部为阳性;库扩增后检测容量达2.25×107。随机挑取阳性克隆进行单引物测序分析,七个测序样品中获得两个与毛发生长相关的EST(expression sequence tag),分别为S100钙离子结合蛋白A3基因(S100 calcium binding protein A3,S100A3)的部分序列和高硫角蛋白关联蛋白基因(high sulfur keratin-associated protein,KRTAP3-3)的部分序列,说明所构建的文库具有较高的代表性。     

Characterization of the structure and the amyloidogenic properties of the Josephin domain of the polyglutamine-containing protein ataxin-3

Expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) region in the protein ataxin-3 is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that belongs to the family of polyQ diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that protein aggregation and fibre formation play an important role in these pathologies. In a previous study, we determined the domain architecture of ataxin-3, suggesting that it comprises a globular domain, named Josephin, and a more flexible C-terminal region, that includes the polyQ tract. Here, we have characterised for the first time the biophysical properties of the isolated Josephin motif, showing that it is an autonomously folded unit and that it has no significant interactions with the C-terminal region. Study of its thermodynamic stability indicates that Josephin has an intrinsic tendency to aggregate and forms temperature-induced fibrils similar to those described for expanded ataxin-3. We show that, under destabilising conditions, the behaviours of the isolated Josephin domain and ataxin-3 are extremely similar. Our data therefore strongly suggest that the stability and aggregation properties of non-expanded ataxin-3 are determined by those of the Josephin domain, which is sufficient to reproduce the behaviour of the full-length protein. Our data support a mechanism in which the thermodynamic stability of ataxin-3 is governed by the properties of the Josephin domain, but the presence of an expanded polyQ tract increases dramatically the protein's tendency to aggregate.     

Evidence for the involvement of unsaturated fatty acids in initiating chromosome replication in Escherichia coli

The analogue 3-decynoyl-N-acetylcysteamine inhibits the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in Escherichia coli, resulting in the accumulation of saturated fatty acids in the membrane (Kass, 1968).In the presence of this analogue, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis continue at a linear rate for approximately two doubling times, and then cease. On the other hand, the analogue will inhibit the formation of new replication forks (premature initiation), which normally arise as a result of thymine starvation.Unlike other temperature-sensitive DNA mutants, mutants that are defective in initiating DNA replication (dnaA or dnaC) are unable to replicate DNA at a permissive temperature if they terminate replication at 42 °C in the presence of 3-decynoyl-N-acetylcysteamine.When replication is terminated at 42 °C, cultures of dnaA or dnaC mutants normally will reinitiate replication upon lowering the temperature to 30 °C. For each mutant this reinitiation is characterized by a particular temperature sensitivity. Such mutants become more temperature sensitive if the temperature is lowered in the presence of 3-decynoyl-N-acetylcysteamine. All the effects of this analogue can be reversed by the addition of unsaturated fatty acids.These results are interpreted using a model in which replication is initiated at a particular lipid site on the membrane. In the absence of unsaturated fatty acids functional lipid sites are not made. Functional sites, however, can be used again provided they are not inactivated by interaction with an inactive dnaA or dnaC product.     

Assessment of the protective and therapeutic effect of melatonin against thioacetamide‐induced acute liver damage

Acute or chronic damage to the liver may occur through alcohol, drugs, viruses, genetic disorders, and toxicity. In this study, we planned to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin (Mel) by causing damage to the liver with thioacetamide (TAA). Thirty‐five rats were used. Group I: control group (seven pieces), group II: Mel group (seven pieces) the single dose on the first day of the experiment was 10 mg/kg, group III: TAA (seven pieces) 300 mg/kg with 24‐hour intervals, two doses, group IV: Mel + TAA group (seven pieces) 10 mg/kg single dose Mel was applied 24 hours before TAA application, group V: TAA + Mel group (seven pieces) single dose (24th hour) of 10 mg/kg Mel was administered after TAA (300 mg/kg) two doses. The liver histology was evaluated. Apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis markers in tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in blood serum samples and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels were determined in liver tissue. TAA affected histologically the classical lobule structure both in cell cords and sinusoids. Caspase‐3, RIP3, and LC3 levels were increased in group III compared with the control group. TAA did not cause a statistically significant change in TNF‐α level but decreased the TGF‐β level significantly. AST and ALT levels were statistically significant in group II and V compared with group I, the ALP level was significant in group IV compared with group II. The results of this study showed that TAA caused significant damage to tissues and increased cell death, Mel was found to have more therapeutic than the protective effect on tissues.     

Binding of the inhibitor NH3 to the oxygen-evolving apparatus of spinach chloroplasts

Experiments are described on flash-induced luminescence of isolated spinach chloroplasts after addition of NH₄Cl. The results indicate a binding of NH₃, presumably in competition with water, in the oxidation states S₂ and S₃, i.e. the states reached upon illumination of dark-adapted material with one and two flashes, respectively. In the initial state S₁, no binding of NH₃ occurs. In state S₂ the binding of ammonia is rapid (half-time about 0.5 s) and rapidly reversible; in state S₃ the binding is slower (half-time about 10 s) and slowly reversible. NH₃ bound to S₄ prevents the oxidation of water. NH₃ bound to S₂ decreases the rate of the back reaction of reduced primary acceptor (Q⁻), indicating a charge stabilization, i.e. a decrease in the redox potential of S₂ due to interaction with ammonia. In Tris-washed chloroplasts, the stability of the positive charge generated in a flash is much smaller than in normal chloroplasts and not increased by NH₃. On the basis of these observations it is postulated that, in the absence of NH₃, states S₂ and S₃ are stabilized by manganese-coordinated, bound water.