多囊卵巢综合征患者体重指数、内分泌、代谢指标的相关性分析

目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征患者的体重指数、内分泌及代谢指标的相互关系。方法:选取2016年10月至2017年7月的收治多囊卵巢综合征患者53例作为研究对象,分别根据BMI、HOMA-IR和睾酮水平进行分组,检测和比较体重指数(BMI)、血生化、胰岛素、C肽及性激素等内分泌和代谢指标。结果:根据BMI水平进行分组,空腹胰岛素、60分钟胰岛素、120分钟胰岛素、空腹C肽、60分钟C肽、120分钟C肽、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白差异有统计学意义(P0.05);根据HOMA-IR指数进行分组,空腹血糖、60分钟血糖、120分钟血糖、空腹胰岛素、60分钟胰岛素、120分钟胰岛素、空腹C肽、60分钟C肽、120分钟C肽、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、黄体生成素、黄体生成素/卵泡刺激素、睾酮和雌二醇差异有统计学意义(P0.05);根据睾酮水平进行分组,BMI、空腹胰岛素、60分钟胰岛素、120分钟胰岛素、HOMA指数、黄体生成素、黄体生成素/卵泡刺激素、睾酮、雌二醇差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:多囊卵巢综合征表现复杂多变,应根据不同的体质指数、内分泌和代谢特点进行对症对因治疗,以提高患者治愈水平和生存质量。     

强骨胶囊对老年股骨头近段骨折延迟愈合患者血清BMP-2 及IGF-1水平的影响

目的:探究强骨胶囊对老年股骨头近段骨折延迟愈合患者血清骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)及胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平的影响。方法:选择我院收治的股骨近端骨折延迟愈合的老年患者41例,随机分为实验组及对照组。对照组19例予钙片;实验组22例予强骨胶囊。对比两组的临床疗效及治疗前后血清BMP-2及IGF-1水平的改变。结果:实验组总有效率(95.5%)高于对照组(78.9%),差异具备统计学意义(P0.05)。两组血清BMP-2及IGF-1水平均较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),且实验组血清BMP-2和IGF-1水平较对照组高(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血浆粘度均下降、骨密度值(BMD)均升高(P0.05);与对照组相较,实验组血浆粘度降低、BMD较高(P0.05)。结论:强骨胶囊能够有效改善老年股骨头近段骨折延迟愈合,促进骨折断端的愈合,推测其机制与增加患者血清BMP-2及IGF-1水平有关。     

钙网质蛋白在多囊卵巢综合征大鼠子宫内膜的表达及意义

目的:研究钙网质蛋白(CRT)在PCOS大鼠子宫内膜中的表达及生物学意义。方法:60只雌性SD大鼠随机分为PCOS组和对照组,每组各30只。给模型组24日龄大鼠皮下埋植左旋甲基炔诺酮硅胶棒3 mm/只,3 d后BID皮下注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素1.5 IU。给对照组皮下注射等体积生理盐水。注射9 d后观察大鼠卵巢形态学(HE染色),化学发光法测定性激素水平。结果:模型组大鼠卵巢重量和体积均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。模型组大鼠卵巢出现类多囊卵巢综合征的改变。模型组卵巢各级发育期卵泡及黄体少见,卵泡多呈囊性扩张。模型组大鼠血清孕激素、睾酮、空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。LH/FSH比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。采用免疫组织化学方法及灰度值测定,定量分析CRT在PCOS组和对照组的子宫内膜中表达。CRT在两组中的子宫内膜中均有表达。PCOS组子宫内膜上皮CRT表达显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:避孕硅胶棒联合hCG诱导SD大鼠多囊卵巢综合征模型是较好的PCOS模型。CRT与PCOS的发病密切相关。     

来曲唑联合二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的疗效观察

目的:探讨来曲唑联合二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕症的疗效。方法:选择2012年6月~2013年6月期间我院收治的PCOS不孕症女性150例,随机分为研究组75例与对照组75例。对照组单纯采取来曲唑促排卵治疗,研究组采取来曲唑联合二甲双胍治疗。观察对比两组治疗前后糖代谢情况、临床疗效及排卵结局。结果:治疗前两组空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗(IR)比较无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后研究组空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖、IR均显著降低,且研究组著低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组排卵数、优势卵泡数显著高于对照组(P0.05),卵泡生长时间显著低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组妊娠率为60.00%,显著高于对照组的33.33%(P0.05)。结论:来曲唑联合二甲双胍治疗PCOS不孕症疗效确切,可以有效降低雄激素水平,增加优势卵泡数量及排卵数量,保障了患者的生育功能及妊娠质量。     

二甲双胍+克罗米芬治疗多囊卵巢综合征合并不孕的效果观察

目的探讨二甲双胍联合克罗米芬治疗多囊卵巢综合征合并不孕的临床效果。方法选择2014年1月~2015年12月我院收治的多囊卵巢综合征合并不孕患者80例,随机分为研究组和对照组,研究组采用二甲双胍+克罗米芬治疗,对照组采用克罗米芬治疗,并随访12个月进行两组疗效比较。结果治疗后,两组患者的睾酮、促卵泡雌激素、促黄体生成素、空腹胰岛素水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的排卵率、妊娠率、早孕流产率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论二甲双胍与克罗米芬联合治疗多囊卵巢综合征合并不孕的临床效果理想,值得推广应用。     

卵泡发生过程中GDF-9和BMP-15(GDF-9B)的作用

近年来,对卵巢内卵泡发育,即从原始卵泡募集、优势选择、卵泡生长、排卵到黄体形成的调控研究取得了很大的进展.研究表明TGF-β超家族的许多成员在各阶段卵泡发生中起重要的调节作用.TGF-β超家族的两个成员-生长分化因子-9(GDF-9)和骨形态因子-15(BMP-15,或GDF-9B)主要在哺乳动物卵母细胞中表达,对卵泡生长发育起关键作用.本文对GDF-9和BMP-15在卵泡发育过程中的作用进行了综述.     

定坤丹对多囊卵巢综合征患者性激素水平、胰岛素抵抗及妊娠情况的影响

目的:探讨定坤丹对多囊卵巢综合征患者性激素水平、胰岛素抵抗及妊娠情况的的影响。方法:选择2016年5月至2018年5月我院收治的210例多囊卵巢综合征患者,根据随机化原则将其分为两组,每组105例。对照组患者接受达英-35与二甲双胍治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上口服定坤丹治疗。连续治疗3个月后,比较两组治疗前后的性激素水平及胰岛各相关指标的变化。治疗结束后随访1年,比较两组的排卵及妊娠情况。结果:与治疗前相比,两组治疗后的血清睾酮(Testosterone,T)、黄体生成素(Luteinizing hormone,LH)及LH/FSH均明显降低,且研究组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前后的卵泡刺激素(Follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)水平比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组治疗后的空腹胰岛素(Fasting insulin,FINS)、餐后2 h胰岛素(Postprandial 2 hours insulin,2hPINS)及β细胞胰岛素分泌功能(Homeostasis model assessment ofβcell,HOMA-β)均明显升高,胰岛素敏感指数(Homeostasis model assessment-Insulin sensitivity index,HOMA-IS)明显降低,且研究组以上指标较对照组改善更明显(P<0.05)。研究组排卵及成功妊娠率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:定坤丹有助于改善多囊卵巢综合征患者性激素水平及胰岛素抵抗,提高排卵及妊娠率。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞分泌功能与氧化应激的相关性研究

目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者胰岛素抵抗(IR)和胰岛β细胞分泌功能与氧化应激的相关性。方法:选择122名在大连市妇幼保健院生殖保健中心就诊的PCOS患者82例,包括IR组42例和非IR组40例,同期选取单纯因男性因素不育而月经规律、内分泌激素正常的对照组患者40例。检测空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,测定血清活性氧(ROS)和丙二醛(MDA)含量以评价机体氧化应激,测定血清总抗氧化能力(TAC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量评价机体的抗氧化能力,使用稳态模型评价机体的胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)和胰岛β细胞分泌功能(HOMA-β)。结果:PCOS胰岛素抵抗组患者身体质量指数(BMI)、促黄体素(LH)、黄体生成激素/卵泡生成激素(LH/FSH)、睾酮(T)、FBG、FINS和HOMA-IR显著高于非IR和对照组,而HOMA-β显著低于非IR和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);PCOS胰岛素抵抗组血清ROS和MDA含量较非IR组和对照组显著升高(P0.05),非IR组ROS含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),而非IR组和对照组MDA含量相比差异无显著性(P0.05);PCOS胰岛素抵抗组血清TAC和SOD含量较非IR组和对照组显著降低(P0.05),而非IR组血清TAC和SOD含量低于对照组,但差异无显著性(P0.05)。PCOS患者HOMA-IR与体质指数(BMI)及血清ROS和MDA水平呈正相关P0.01),与血清TAC和SOD活性呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论:氧化应激与PCOS患者胰岛素抵抗密切相关,可能在其胰岛素抵抗发生发展进程中发挥着重要的作用。     

钙网质蛋白在多囊卵巢综合征大鼠子宫内膜的表达及意义

目的：研究钙网质蛋白（CRT）在PCOS大鼠子宫内膜中的表达及生物学意义。方法：60只雌性SD大鼠随机分为PCOS组和对照组,每组各30只。给模型组24日龄大鼠皮下埋植左旋甲基炔诺酮硅胶棒3mm／只,3d后BID皮下注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素1．5IU。给对照组皮下注射等体积生理盐水。注射9d后观察大鼠卵巢形态学（HE染色）,化学发光法测定性激素水平。结果：模型组大鼠卵巢重量和体积均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。模型组大鼠卵巢出现类多囊卵巢综合征的改变。模型组卵巢各级发育期卵泡及黄体少见,卵泡多呈囊性扩张。模型组大鼠血清孕激素、睾酮、空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖水平均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;卵泡刺激素（FSH）水平显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。LH／FSH比值显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。采用免疫组织化学方法及灰度值测定,定量分析CRT在PCOS组和对照组的子宫内膜中表达。CRT在两组中的子宫内膜中均有表达。PCOS组子宫内膜上皮CRT表达显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：避孕硅胶棒联合hCG诱导SD大鼠多囊卵巢综合征模型是较好的PCOS模型。CRT与PCOS的发病密切相关．     

敲减miR-155对PCOS小鼠卵巢形态学及生殖内分泌的影响

[目的]研究miR-155敲减基因对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)小鼠卵巢形态及生殖内分泌的影响。[方法]取20只小鼠,采用CMC-来曲唑悬浮液灌胃建立PCOS模型,造模成功后将其随机分为miR-155基因敲减组与阴性对照组,各10只。检测两组小鼠血脂及血清性激素变化、卵巢形态、卵巢组织中GLUT4蛋白表达水平。[结果]miR-155基因敲减组中无优势卵泡,有较多小卵泡,无黄体,颗粒细胞减少,卵泡膜明显增厚,间质细胞增生显著;miR-155基因敲减组除FSH水平低于阴性对照组;其余血脂及血清性激素均高于阴性对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);miR-155基因敲减组中GLUT4蛋白低于阴性对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]miR-155基因敲减可通过降低GLUT4蛋白分泌影响PCOS小鼠卵巢形态、内分泌及胰岛素抵抗功能。     

Acute Regulation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Response to Nerve Growth Factor

PC12 cells possess specific receptors for both nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor, and by an unknown mechanism, nerve growth factor is able to attenuate the propagation of a mitogenic response to epidermal growth factor. The differentiation response of PC12 cells to nerve growth factor, therefore, predominates over the proliferative response to epidermal growth factor. We have observed that the addition of nerve growth factor to PC12 cells rapidly produces a decrease in surface 125I-epidermal growth factor binding capacity. Unlike previously described nerve growth factor effects on 125I-epidermal growth factor binding capacity, which required several days of nerve growth factor exposure, the decreases we report occur within minutes of nerve growth factor addition: A 50% decrease in 125I-epidermal growth factor binding capacity is evident at 10 min. This rapid nerve growth factor response is concentration dependent; inhibition of 125I-epidermal growth factor binding is detectable at nerve growth factor levels as low as 0.2 ng/ml and is maximal at approximately 50 ng/ml, consistent with known ranges of biological activity. No demonstrable differences in the rate of epidermal growth factor receptor synthesis or degradation were observed in cells acutely exposed to nerve growth factor. Scatchard analysis revealed that acute nerve growth factor treatment decreased the number of both high- and low-affinity 125I-epidermal growth factor binding sites, while the receptor affinity remained unchanged. We have also investigated the involvement of various potential intracellular mediators of nerve growth factor action and of known intracellular modulatory systems of the epidermal growth factor receptor for their capacity to participate in this nerve growth factor activity.     

Schwannoma-Derived Growth Factor Interacts with the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Abstract: Schwannoma-derived growth factor (SDGF) is a potent mitogen and neuronal differentiation factor. Because of its relationship to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the heregulins, it was asked if SDGF interacts with the EGF receptor or HER2/neu. SDGF binds to and causes the phosphorylation on tyrosine of the EGF receptor but not HER2/neu.     

成纤维细胞生长因子与其受体相互作用及其抑制剂的研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）有许多重要的生理功能，并与肿瘤的形成有关.为了弄清FGF与成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)相互作用的机制，人们对FGF和FGFR的各个结合结构域进行了深入、细致的研究，定位了aFGF、bFGF的肝素结合区、bFGF的受体结合区、FGF受体的肝素结合区、配体结合区和FGF受体相互结合区，提出了两个FGF与FGFR相互作用的模型，在此基础上设计了FGF的核酸类、糖类和多肽类抑制剂，为寻找新一代抗癌药物打下了理论基础.     

Tyrosine Phosphorylation of β-Catenin and Plakoglobin Enhanced by Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Epidermal Growth Factor in Human Carcinoma Cells

The effect of hepatocyte growth factor /scatter factor (HGF/SF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on cadherin-mediated adhesion of human carcinoma cells was studied. HGF/SF induced scattering of colonic adenocarcinoma HT29 and gastric adenocarcinomas MKN7 and MKN74 cells. Likewise, EGF induced scattering of HT29 and MKN7 cells. These cells expressed E-cadherin, which was concentrated at cell-cell contact sites. When the scattering of these cells was induced by HGF/SF or EGF, the E-cadherin concentration at cell-cell boundaries tended to decrease. Irnmunoblotting analyses, however, demonstrated that these growth factor treatments did not alter the expression of E-cadherin and E-cadherin-associated proteins, α- and β-catenin and plakoglobin. β-Catenin, plakoglobin and an unidentified 115-kDa molecule associated with E-cadherin were found to be phosphorylated at tyrosine residues, and these phosphorylations were enhanced by the growth factor treatments. These results suggest that HGF/SF and EGF may modulate the function of the cadherin-catenin system via tyrosine phosphorylation of cadherin-associated proteins.     

机械生长因子E肽的功能及研究展望

机械生长因子(MGF)E肽是胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)基因剪接后的一段长40个氨基酸残基的延伸肽,其编码基因由IGF-Ⅰ基因的外显子5、6及部分外显子4组成。近年来的实验证明,MGFE肽能独立发挥促进肌肉肥大、修复肌肉损伤、保护神经元、提高心脏功能等多种重要的生理作用,有望对肌肉萎缩、肌营养不良、神经退行性疾病及大脑局部缺血等相关病症的新型药物开发产生重大推动,引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。     

成纤维细胞生长因子6(FGF6)的研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子6(fibroblast growth factor 6,FGF6)是成纤维细胞生长因子家族(FGFs)的成员之一,主要通过与酪氨酸激酶受体(fibroblast growth factor receptor,FGFR)1和4结合发挥其生物学活性。研究发现,人FGF6几乎都积聚在肌源性细胞系中,参与肌源性细胞系的增殖及分化,在肌肉修复和再生过程中起重要作用,同时它还是一个重要的调节骨生成和骨重建的因子;FGF6在心脏中也有表达,进一步试验结果表明其具有促进心肌细胞增殖及保护心肌细胞凋亡的作用;在成体睾丸和乳腺癌中也检测到有FGF6的转录物,表明其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用。目前,FGF6在多种疾病中的功能和相关机制仍有待进一步研究和确认,但其所具备的生物学活性尤其是在肌肉再生方面具有重要的意义和巨大的应用潜力。     

生长分化因子9基因的分子生物学

生长分化因子9是卵母细胞分泌的一种生长因子,它对卵泡的生长分化起着重要作用。本文介绍了生长分化因子9的结构、功能和调控,生长分化因子9基因的克隆及基因结构、发育性表达和作用、定位和多态性,并讨论了该基因与哺乳动物繁殖性能的关系。     

Epidermal Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Protect Dopaminergic Neurons from Glutamate Toxicity in Culture

Abstract: In this report we characterize the toxicity of the excitatory amino acid l -glutamate with respect to dopaminergic neurons cultured from embryonic rat mesencephalon. We also demonstrate that two growth factors, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), can protect these neurons from damage. Micromolar concentrations of l -glutamate, as well as agonists that specifically activate N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors, are all toxic to dopamine neurons in a concentration-dependent manner, as reflected by decreases in high-affinity dopamine uptake and confirmed by decreases in numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons. Although the non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione could attenuate the effects of quisqualate, treatment with this antagonist could not eliminate the effects of glutamate itself. Similarly, (±)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid was effective against NMDA toxicity but could not protect cells from quisqualate toxicity. Thus, each type of receptor could mediate neurotoxicity independently of the other. The presence of EGF or bFGF in the culture medium conferred a relative resistance of dopaminergic neurons to glutamate and quisqualate neurotoxicity by increased glutamate transport. However, treatment of the cultures with l - trans -pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, an inhibitor of glutamate transport, attenuated but did not eliminate the protective effects of both growth factors against glutamate toxicity. When cultures were incubated with conditioned medium from growth factor-treated cultures, neuroprotection was also achieved. These results suggest that both EGF and bFGF can protect neurons from neurotoxicity in culture by increasing the capacity of the culture for glutamate uptake as well as by the secretion of soluble factors into the medium.     

Epidermal Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Have Independent Actions on Mesencephalic Dopamine Neurons in Culture

Abstract: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibro-blast growth factor (bFGF) are both trophic for dopamine neurons s in cultures of dissociated embryonic rat mesen-cephaion, but the significance of this apparent overlap in neurotrophic activity is not yet known. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of action of these two growth factors and the potential relationship between them, Using a nuclease protection assay, we determined that bFGF mRNA was expressed in the cultures. Double-label immunocytochemistry revealed that bFGF immunore-active material could be detected in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactive astrocytes. EGF treatment increased bFGF mRNA content per culture dish. As we have previously demonstrated that EGF exerts its dopaminergic neurotrophic activity via an intermediate cell type, studies were designed to address whether the pathway by which EGF acts on dopaminergic neurons is mediated by the release of bFGF. However, the trophic action of EGF on dopamine neurons, represented by high-affinity neuronal dopamine uptake, could not be blocked by immunoneutralization of bFGF, suggesting that the actions of EGF were not mediated by bFGF release. The time course of the effects of EGF and bFGF on dopamine uptake were similar, with significant increases detectable only after 5 days in culture. Both growth factors were active in the picomolar-to-nannomolar range with maximal trophic activity between 0.4 and 2.5 n M. EGF, however, was the more potent mitogen under these conditions. When cultures were simultaneously incubated with maximal concentrations of EGF and bFGF, the effect on dopamine uptake was significantly greater than with either growth factor alone and, in fact, approximated the sum of the individual effects. On the basis of these results we conclude that these growth factors have independent effects on dopamine neurons of the mesencephalon.     

Characteristics of Partially Purified Nerve Growth Factor Receptor

Receptors for the nerve growth factor protein (NGF) have been isolated from three cell types [embryonic chicken sensory neurons (dorsal root sensory ganglia; DRG), rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and human neuroblastoma (LAN-1) cells] and have been shown to be similar with respect to equilibrium dissociation constants. The present results demonstrate that there are multiple molecular weight species for NGF receptors from DRG neurons and PC12 cells. NGF receptors can be isolated from DRG as four different molecular species of 228, 187, 125, and 112 kilodaltons, and PC12 cells as three molecular species of 203, 118, and 107 kilodaltons. The NGF receptors isolated from DRG show different pH-binding profiles for high- and low-affinity binding. High-affinity binding displays a bell-shaped pH profile with maximum binding between pH 7.0 and 7.9, whereas low-affinity binding is constant between pH 5.0 and 9.1, with a twofold greater binding at pH 3.6. At 22 degrees C, the association rate constant was found to be 9.5 +/- 1.0 X 10(6) M-1 s-1. Two dissociation rate constants were observed. The fast dissociating receptor has a dissociation rate constant of 3.0 +/- 1.5 X 10(-2) s-1, whereas the slow dissociating receptor constant was 2.4 +/- 1.0 X 10(-4) s-1. The equilibrium dissociation constants calculated from the ratio of dissociation to association rate constants are 2.5 X 109-11) M for the high-affinity receptor (type I) and 3.2 X 10(-9) M for the low-affinity receptor (type II). These values are the same as those determined by equilibrium experiments on the isolated receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)