青少年注射性臀肌挛缩症手术治疗分析

目的：探讨臀肌挛缩松解术结合术后康复训练治疗青少年注射性臀肌挛缩症的临床疗效。方法：对97例青少年注射性臀肌挛缩症患者行臀肌挛缩松解术治疗,结合术后康复训练,术后随访10月～46月,平均33个月,临床疗效根据黄耀添评价标准评定。结果：所有患者中：优75例,良13例,可8例,差1例,优良率为90.7%。结论：对于青少年注射性臀肌挛缩患者,手术彻底松解挛缩组织,减少创伤,结合术后有效的康复训练,可获得满意疗效。     

儿童臀肌挛缩症臀肌小血管损伤的相关免疫细胞化学研究

应用免疫细胞化学方法(间接免疫荧光法)对32例儿童臀肌挛缩症及10例正常儿童臀肌小血管Ⅷ因子相关抗原进行了定位、定性及定量研究。结果发现,儿童臀肌挛缩症臀肌小血管内皮细胞Ⅷ因子相关抗原荧光强度显著高于正常儿童组(P<0.01),并向管腔及内皮下突出,有的血管腔内充满荧光阳性物质,管径明显变小;而小血管数目显著低于正常儿童组(P<0.01)。结合普通切片结果分析,我们认为,小血管损伤导致组织缺氧可能是臀肌纤维化,儿童臀肌挛缩症的主要发病机理。     

保乳手术和改良根治手术在乳腺癌患者临床治疗的效果研究

目的:通过对比乳腺癌手术分别采用保乳手术和改良根治手术的治疗效果,探讨分析两种不同的手术方法的疗效差异,为临床治疗和相关研究提供参考。方法:选取88例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,并以不同的临床手术治疗方法为依据,将两组患者分为研究组和对照组,各44例,就诊时间为2010年2月至2011年12月。研究组给予保乳手术,对照组给予改良根治手术。对两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率以及两组患者的躯体评分、心理评分、社会评分和精神评分等各项生存质量评分结果为观察指标。结果:研究组患者的手术时间小于对照组,研究组患者的住院时间短于对照组,研究组患者的并发症发生率低于对照组,研究组的术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者的躯体评分、心理评分、社会评分和精神评分等各项生存质量评分结果均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与改良根治手术相比较,采用保乳手术治疗乳腺癌的临床综合效果显著,患者的术后生活质量更好,是临床治疗乳腺癌的理想选择方式之一。     

腹腔镜行肝部分切除术的临床效果研究

目的:随着医疗技术的不断发展,腹腔镜作为一种新兴的微创治疗方法被广泛应用于临床手术中,且效果显著。我们通过观察腹腔镜技术用于老年患者进行肝部分切除术的临床效果,并与传统开腹手术进行对比,探讨腹腔镜手术治疗肝肿瘤的优势,为后续的临床研究提供依据。方法:采用回顾性分析的方法,选取2011年1月至2012年12月在我院接受肝部分切除术的101例老年肝肿瘤患者的临床资料,根据手术方式将研究对象分为观察组(39例)和对照组(62例),观察组采取腹腔镜手术治疗,而对照组则采用传统开腹手术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后并发症、平均住院时间、住院费用等,分析两种手术方式的临床效果。结果:观察组患者的手术时间、术中平均出血量、术后排气时间、平均住院时间均明显优于对照组患者(P0.05);观察组患者术后无1例并发症,对照组为20例,观察组患者术后并发症的发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的住院费用无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、术中出血少、术后恢复快等优点,最大程度的减少手术对患者机体造成的损伤,适合身体机能逐渐衰退、手术耐受较差的老年患者采用。腹腔镜肝部分切除术的效果显著,值得临床推广应用。     

胆结石应用腹腔镜与小切口手术切除胆囊治疗的临床效果分析

目的探讨腹腔镜与小切口手术切除胆囊治疗胆结石的临床疗效。方法选取2014~2015年我院收治的胆结石患者100例,随机分为对照组和观察组各50例,对照组患者采用小切口手术切除胆囊治疗,观察组患者行腹腔镜手术切除胆囊治疗,比较分析两组患者的临床效果。结果观察组术中出血量、手术时间、肠道功能恢复时间、住院时间及术后并发症发生率均有明显优势,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为96%,对照组为84%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)结论采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆结石患者,能明显提高临床疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

传统切口和小切口切除甲状腺结节的对比分析

目的: 对传统切口和小切口切除甲状腺结节的对比分析。方法: 选取2007年11月—2012年11月在我院就诊治疗的甲状腺结节患者400例,随机分为两组,甲组患者200例,采用传统手术切口进行手术治疗;乙组患者200例,采用改良后小切口手术治疗,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果: 乙组患者的术后一年复发率、手术操作时间对比甲组患者,无明显差异,无统计学意义(P>0.05).乙组患者的住院治疗时间、术中出血量、患者满意度均显著优越于甲组患者,差异性显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组患者均未发生因治疗导致严重不良后果发生。结论: 对结节性甲状腺结节实施手术治疗,临床效果好、促进临床症状缓解,安全性较高,适宜依据患者情况进行临床治疗。     

传统开腹手术与腹腔镜手术治疗子宫肌瘤的效果分析

目的探讨传统开腹手术与腹腔镜手术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法选择2013年2月~2015年11月在我院接受治疗的子宫肌瘤患者140例为研究对象,按患者自愿原则分为对照组和观察组各70例,对照组采用传统开腹手术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜手术治疗,并对两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后感染情况和住院时间进行比较。结果观察组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后感染率及住院时间等方面均优于对照组,差异具有显著统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术与传统开腹手术比较,具有出血量少、住院时间短、恢复快、并发症少等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌的临床疗效对比分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌的临床效果,比较腹腔及与传统开腹术的优势,为临床研究提供可借鉴的方法。方法:对2008年5月至2012年7月在我院接受肠癌切除术的62例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据手术方式的不同,将患者分为腹腔镜组(33例)和开腹组(29例),分别采取腹腔镜手术和传统开腹手术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、术后排气时间、并发症、平均住院时间及住院费用等。结果:腹腔镜组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、平均住院时间均明显优于开腹组患者(P0.05);腹腔镜组术后无并发症,开腹组11例出现并发症,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的住院费用无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有很好的临床效果,术中出血少、术后恢复快,能够减少手术对患者机体造成的损伤,值得临床推广应用。     

保守性和根治性手术治疗对卵巢良性肿瘤蒂扭转的疗效和术后激素水平比较

目的:观察保守性和根治性手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤蒂扭转的有效性和安全性。方法:选取2017年2月~2020年5月间入院治疗的60例确诊为卵巢良性肿瘤蒂扭转的患者,根据患者意愿及病情发展情况分为两组,保守治疗组26例,切除治疗组34例。保守性手术组(The conservative operation group,COG)术前应根据患者的疼痛性质判断扭转组织的基本情况制定多套方案,术中先以钳夹等方式结扎卵巢动静脉以免形成栓塞,然后进行扭转复位并观察血流恢复情况,待恢复接近正常时可剥离囊肿。切除治疗组(The radical operation group,ROG)结扎卵巢动静脉,将扭转蒂复位观察卵巢颜色、质地等,若出现破裂、坏死、无法恢复等情况时给予切除。比较两种治疗方法前后患者血清黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、雌二醇(Estradiol,E2)等变化,评估卵巢的激素分泌情况,并记录其他并发症的发生率。结果:(1)保守性治疗组卵巢均成功保留,两组患者均恢复良好,比较两组患者的平均手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间,结果显示无统计学差异(P>0.05);(2)随访半年,比较术前,术后3个月、6个月两组患者LH、FSH、E2的变化情况,术前各指标无显著差异(P>0.05);(3)比较两组患者术中并发症发生率,无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:本研究比较了保守性手术和切除手术治疗卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转的有效性与安全性,26例保守性治疗患者手术卵巢均保留成功,预后卵巢功能、并发症的发生率与切除治疗组无显著差异,可进行临床推广。     

腹腔镜与传统外科手术治疗胆结石的疗效观察

目的分析腹腔镜与传统外科手术治疗胆结石的临床效果。方法选取2014年6月~2016年5月我院收治的胆结石患者88例为研究对象,按治疗方案的不同分为观察组和对照组各44例,观察组行腹腔镜手术治疗,对照组行开腹手术治疗,观察比较两组患者围手期的各项指标、并发症发生情况。结果观察组围手术期各项指标均显著优于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胆结石患者行腹腔镜手术治疗的效果满意,有效降低并发症发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

类风湿关节炎前足矫形术后跖骨痛原因分析

目的:探讨类风湿性关节炎前足矫形术后跖骨痛的病因分析,以期采取相应的应对措施,以改善类风湿性关节炎前足矫形手术的手术效果,提高患者的满意度。方法:本院自2009年6月至2014年6月5年间行类风关前足矫形术204例256足,其中术后出现跖骨痛的44例46足,随访术后出现跖骨痛的时间、部位以及处理措施的效果和预后,并分析其出现原因。结果:44例患者中11例11足接受了再次手术治疗,7例术后患者跖骨痛消失,4例患者术后仍残留疼痛,2例接受足垫治疗,2例接受了第3次手术,术后疼痛消失。32例34足未接受再次手术,行矫形足垫治疗,1例患者失随访。结论:术后残留跖骨痛是类风湿关节炎前足矫形术常见的术后并发症,大多数患者可通过矫形鞋垫缓解疼痛,少数需要再次手术治疗。     

基于三维CT的模拟手术在大龄DDH患儿外科治疗中的应用研究

目的:通过对大龄发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患儿进行术前模拟手术,实现术中精确截骨及旋转角度,从而达到个体化治疗,改善患儿预后的目的。方法:本研究按照术前规划方式分为两组,一组为传统手术组;另一组为模拟手术组。共20例患儿均采用骨盆三联截骨术+股骨截骨术治疗,传统手术组10例,模拟手术组10例,手术时平均年龄为11.3岁,平均随访时间24.2个月。所有患儿均于术前行骨盆三维重建CT检查,测量CE角、股骨前倾角及髋臼指数,在mimics软件中,模拟手术方案,确定术中股骨截骨需要旋转的角度及骨盆截骨的位置,术中按照模拟手术的结果进行操作。术前评价指标使用Tonnis分级,术后评价指标使用改进的Trevor评分系统。结果:模拟手术组Tonnis分级3级4髋,Tonnis分级4级8髋;传统手术组Tonnis分级3级4髋,Tonnis分级4级9髋,两组患儿术前严重程度无显著性差异。依据Trevor评分,模拟手术组8髋(67%)优秀,3髋(25%)良好,1髋(8%)一般。传统手术组5髋(38%)优秀,5髋(38%)良好,3髋(23%)一般。两组有显著性差异。并发症:术后传统手术组3例患儿有不同程度的股骨头坏死。结论:大龄DDH患儿术前模拟手术,可以达到术中精确截骨及旋转角度,可改善患儿预后,实现该类患者的个体化治疗。     

HoLEP对良性前列腺增生的疗效及安全性观察

目的:探讨以尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术(HoLEP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选取我院102例以HoLEP术治疗的BPH患者的临床资料,分析BPH患者的年龄、切除腺体的大小、手术出血量、手术前后的最大尿流率(Qmax)、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压(Pdet/Qmax)、国际前列腺症状评分表(IPSS)评分和生活质量评分(QOLS)等。再选取我院100例以尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗的BPH患者的临床资料,对比两组患者并发症的发生情况。结果:102例BPH患者的年龄为(71.58±9.74)岁,切除腺体为(84.32±36.39)g,手术出血量为(146±24.68)mL,手术前的最大尿流率(8.37±5.28)mL/s,最大尿流率时逼尿肌压为(72.93±26.49)cm H_2O,IPSS评分为(28.8±5.98)分,QOLS评分为(5.8±0.46)分;手术后的最大尿流率(24.77±5.89)mL/s,最大尿流率时逼尿肌压为(42.35±10.37)cm H_2O,IPSS评分为(9.4±1.28)分,QOLS评分为(2.8±0.28)分。手术后的Qmax明显升高(P0.05),而Pdet/Qmax、IPSS评分和QOLS均显著降低(P0.05)。HoLEP术治疗的BPH患者并发症发生明显低于尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗的患者(P0.05)。结论:HoLEP是一种安全有效的治疗BPH的微创手术。     

Ergonomics for surgeons – prototype of an external surgeon support system reduces muscular activity and fatigue

BackgroundSince the unergonomic postures cannot be changed during a surgery, it seems reasonable to externally support the surgeon's posture in order to relieve the musculature. To evaluate this matter, we conducted a pilot study to investigate if a prototype of an external surgeon support system (S3) relieves the musculature in an objectively measurable manner.MethodsSimultaneous surface electromyography (EMG) was used alongside a combination of a laser Doppler flowmeter and a tissue spectrometer to record back and leg muscles during a simulated surgical situation.FindingsWith S3, muscle activity was significantly lower (p < 0.05) and also fatigue decreased when compared to without S3. Muscle blood flow and oxygenation were relatively close to baseline with S3, but increased without S3.InterpretationAn ergonomic S3 is a possible approach to reduce muscle activity and fatigue and may therefore prevent chronic back pain amongst surgeons in the long term.     

Stereotactic radiotherapy for early lung cancer: Evidence-based approach and future directions

AimTo review key studies evaluating stereotactic radiotherapy in the setting of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for inoperable or high-risk patients, and discuss areas of ongoing research and clinical trials.BackgroundThe use of stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has increased rapidly over the past decade. Numerous studies have reported outcomes for patients treated with SBRT who are unfit for surgical resection, or at high risk of surgical complications.Materials and methodsA narrative review.ResultsThe preponderance of evidence suggests that SBRT is associated with excellent local control (∼90% at 3 years) and a favorable toxicity profile. In patients with higher operative risks, such as the elderly and patients with severe COPD, SBRT may provide a less-toxic treatment than surgery with similar oncologic outcomes. Ongoing studies are evaluating the use of SBRT for locally advanced or oligometastatic NSCLC.ConclusionsA large body of evidence now exists to support the use of SBRT for early-stage NSCLC. Decisions regarding the optimal choice of treatment should be individualized, and made in the context of a multidisciplinary team.     

“Metabolic” Surgery For Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

ObjectiveTo discuss the potential contribution of “metabolic” surgery in providing optimal management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA literature search was performed with use of PubMed, and the clinical experience of the authors was also considered.ResultsBariatric—or, more appropriately, metabolic—surgical procedures have been shown to provide dramatic improvement in blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and lipid control in obese patients with T2DM. In these patients, metabolic surgery involves a low risk of short-term mortality and a significant long-term survival advantage, whereas the diagnosis of diabetes is associated with significant long-term mortality. Experimental studies in animals and clinical trials suggest that gastrointestinal bypass procedures can control diabetes and associated metabolic alterations by mechanisms independent of weight loss. As a result, the use of bariatric surgery and experimental gastrointestinal manipulations to treat T2DM is increasing, even among less obese patients. Although body mass index (BMI) currently is the most important factor for identifying candidates for bariatric surgery, evidence shows that a specific cutoff BMI value cannot accurately predict successful surgical outcomes. Furthermore, BMI appears limited in defining the risk profile for patients with T2DM.ConclusionCurrent BMI-based criteria for performance of bariatric surgery are not adequate for determining eligibility for operative treatment in patients with diabetes. Large clinical trials, comparing bariatric surgery versus optimal medical care of patients with T2DM, should be given priority in order to define the role of surgery in the management of diabetes. Recognizing the need to work as a multidisciplinary team that includes endocrinologists and surgeons is an initial step in addressing the issues and opportunities that surgery offers to diabetes care and research. (Endocr Pract. 2009;15:624-631)     

Expansion of the silkworm GMC oxidoreductase genes is associated with immunity

The glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductases constitute a large gene family in insects. Some of these enzymes play roles in developmental or physiological process, such as ecdysteroid metabolism. However, little is known about the functional diversity of the insect GMC family. Here, we identified 43 GMC genes in the silkworm genome, the largest number of GMC genes among all the insect genomes sequenced to date. Similar to the other insects, there is a highly conserved GMC cluster within the second intron of the silkworm flotillin-2 (flo-2) gene. However, the silkworm GMC genes outside of the conserved GMC cluster have experienced a large expansion. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the silkworm GMCβ subfamily contained 22 copies and made a major contribution to expansion of the silkworm GMC genes. Eighteen of the 22 members of the silkworm GMCβ subfamily are located outside of the conserved GMC cluster, and are known as silkworm expansion genes (SEs). Relative-rate tests showed that SEs evolved significantly faster than the GMCβ genes inside the conserved GMC cluster. Accordingly, the third position GC content (GC3s) and codon bias of SEs are significantly different from those of the GMCβ genes in the conserved GMC cluster. The elevated evolutionary rate of the silkworm GMCβ genes outside of the conserved GMC cluster may reflect the evolution of function diversity. At least 24 of the 43 silkworm GMC genes were differently transcribed and expressed in a tissue- or stage-specific manner during the larval stage. Strikingly, microarray data revealed that four different pathogens upregulated most of the silkworm GMCβ genes. Furthermore, RNA interference of representative upregulated GMCβ genes reduced the survival rate of the silkworm when infected by pathogens. Taken together, the results suggested that expansion of the silkworm GMC oxidoreductase genes is associated with immunity.     

不同手术方式治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎对上颌窦黏膜纤毛传输功能的影响

目的:比较不同手术方式治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的疗效及其对上颌窦黏膜纤毛传输功能的影响,为临床制定治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的优选术式提供参考依据。方法:选取2013年9月-2014年12月于本院耳鼻咽喉科就诊的160例确诊为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为4组,分别为治疗组1~4,每组各60例。治疗组1接受上颌窦自然开口扩大术,治疗组2接受上颌窦开窗术,治疗组3接受经泪前隐窝上颌窦开放术,治疗组4接受上颌窦口球囊扩张术。观察和比较4组患者的术后鼻腔黏膜的覆盖、水肿、囊泡形成、骨质暴露、瘢痕形成等情况,上颌窦窦腔内分泌物性状、蓄积情况以及术后3个月和6个月时行上颌窦腔糖精实验及窦口周黏膜活检情况。结果:四组手术后均取得较好临床疗效,而组4的临床总有效率显著高于其他三组(均P0.05)。术后3、6个月,组4Lund-Kennedy评分和MMT时间均明显低于其他三组(均P0.05);在上颌窦黏膜活检方面:术后炎性细胞数量及状细胞和黏膜下腺体细胞形态及黏膜下结构水肿改善程度亦在中组四最为显著(P0.05)。结论:上颌窦窦球囊扩张术治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎疗效较高,可有效改善状细胞和黏膜下腺体细胞形态及鼻窦黏膜水肿、窦口通畅引流等作用,且安全性高。     

不同治疗方案治疗脊柱结核的效果对比

目的:分析不同脊柱结核手术方式在治疗效果和治疗安全性方面的差异。方法:将我院脊柱外科施以手术治疗的89例脊柱结核患者为研究对象,根据手术方法差异分成后路组45例和前路组44例,记录手术评价指标、Cobb角、手术前后美国脊髓损伤学会神经功能(ASIA评分)变化和术后并发症,并对记录结果行统计分析。结果:后路组手术时间(185.71±21.89)min、出血量(503.12±57.81)m L、出院时间(21.43±3.52)d、手术相关不良反应率(6.82%)、Cobb角度(18.34±8.41)°显著低于前路组,而后路组神经损伤治愈率(54.55%)高于前路组,P0.05,存在统计学差异。结论:手术入路能够影响脊柱结核手术的治疗效果,与前入路手术相比,后入路手术在手术简便性、安全性、有效性方面优势明显。     

Atención psicomédica a personas transexuales en España en la era de la despatologización de la transexualidad como trastorno mental. Una revisión global

ObjectiveTo identify the strengths and weaknesses of Spanish healthcare protocols for transsexual persons and to compare them to current international protocols. To review the current status as regards transsexuality etiology and prevalence. To suggest measures to optimize care to achieve a significant improvement, including options for saving financial resources.MethodsA comparison of the contents of texts related to transsexualism in the ICD-10, DSM-IV, and guidelines of the Spanish gender units with international standards of care for transgender persons and the last draft version of the DSM-5. Systematic revision of the literature related to the etiology and prevalence of transsexualism.ResultsSignificant discrepancies have been found as regards the minimum time period for diagnosis, access to hormone replacement therapy and to genital surgery, and the requirement of the so-called real-life experience. Impact of sex hormones on the etiology of transsexualism and underestimation of its prevalence was confirmed.ConclusionsThe access to hormonal and surgical treatment requires a profound review, and decentralization of transsexual care is recommended, because all university hospitals haves psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and endocrinologists available. Although gender reassignment surgery also requires plastic surgery specialists, plastic surgeons currently receive training in this field.