血浆纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体在老年NSCLC患者预后中的意义

目的:探讨老年非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者抗癌治疗前血浆纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)和D-二聚体(D-dimer)的预后意义。方法:测定97例肺癌患者(肺癌组)及36例健康体检者(对照组)血浆D-dimer、FIB水平并进行比较,并分析其与NSCLC临床病理因素之间关系及预后价值。结果:肺癌组血浆FIB、D-dimer水平高于健康对照组(P0.05)。肺癌组FIB与TNM分期有关,D-dimer与淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关。单因素分析提示FIB、D-dimer、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、TNM分期与总体生存时间(overall survival,OS)和无进展生存时间(progression free survival,PFS)相关,而多因素分析仅提示D-dimer、FIB是老年NSCLC患者的独立危险预后因素。结论:检测老年NSCLC患者抗癌治疗前纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体可以指导预后,为肺癌个体化治疗提供一定的参考价值。     

交替放化疗对晚期鼻咽癌患者疗效与影响因素分析

目的:评估交替放化疗(CRT)对晚期鼻咽癌(NPC)患者的疗效与影响因素。方法:选取在我院耳鼻喉科治疗的102例鼻咽癌患者。交替使用放疗,化疗进行治疗。在102例患者中,83例接受顺铂(50 mg/m2/d,d1-2)和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu;800 mg/m2/d,d1-5),而19例患者接受卡铂(20 mg/m2/d,d6)和5-FU。结果:72(70.6%)例患者完成全部3个化疗疗程。交替放化疗的总时间为92(82-102)天。中位随访时间54个月,5年无进展生存期(PFS)为70.5%。多因素分析显示,体重减轻和化疗疗程数对PFS有显著影响。结论:化疗与放疗交替治疗的NPC患者依从性好,适应性强,值得临床推广。     

肺腺癌转移相关的免疫特征开发及潜在中药预测

本研究旨在确定具有免疫相关基因的可靠预后特征,该特征可以预测预后并对肺腺癌(lung adenocarcinoma, LUAD)患者的个体化管理提供帮助。从癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA)数据库下载LUAD患者的mRNA表达谱和相应的临床数据;使用单因素COX和LASSO模型来构建预后模型;使用基于风险评分的方法开发预后特征;通过Kaplan-Meier分析比较高风险患者和低风险患者之间的总生存期(overall survival, OS), OS的独立预测因子通过单变量和多变量COX分析确定;单样本基因集富集分析(single sample gene set enrichment analysis, ssGSEA)用于评估免疫细胞浸润程度;通过LASSO和COX回归分析构建生存预后特征。根据预后特征,在OS方面将患者显著分层为高风险组和低风险组,与低风险组相比,高风险组的LUAD患者OS显著降低。通过ROC曲线分析证实了预后基因标记的预测能力。多因素COX分析显示,风险评分是OS的独立预测因子。通过免疫分析,发现了肺腺癌转移组与未转移组的不...     

生长抑素联合常规化疗对晚期胰腺癌的疗效评估

目的:观察生长抑素联合常规化疗对晚期胰腺癌的临床疗效并评估其安全性.方法:收集2007年3月至2009年3月不能行手术切除的晚期胰腺癌55例,随机分成两组,即常规化疗对照组与生长抑素联合常规化疗组,检测治疗前后CA19-9、CEA水平、肝肾功能及血常规;分析和比较治疗有效率:治疗对肿瘤大小(实体瘤的疗效评价,RECIST标准),无进展生存期(ProgressFree Survival,PFS)、生存期和行体力状况评分的影响以及安全性评估.结果:治疗后生长抑素联合常规化疗治疗组血清CA19-9水平明显低于常规化疗对照组(P＜0.05),但CEA水平没有差异;疗程结束后联合治疗组客观有效率(OR)为60％,临床获益率(CR+PR+SD)为90％;常规组客观有效率(OR)为36％,临床获益率(CR+PR+SD)为76％;联合组客观有效率和临床获益率均明显高于常规组(P＜0.05).Karnofsky评分显示联合组提高率为36.67％(11/30);而常规组提高率为24.0 ％(6/25),联合组Karnofsky评分的提高率明显高于优于对照组(P＜0.05);联合化疗治疗组平均生存期、中位生存期分别为372.96± 34.20天、345.00± 30.50天,常规化疗对照组平均生存期、中位生存期分别为307.32±29.19天、290.00± 28.11天.结论:生长抑素联合化疗能明显降低CA19-9的水平;同时可提高临床疗效及患者术后生活质量及生存期,能够明显提高化疗药物的抗肿瘤活性,对于改善晚期胰腺癌的预后具有重要的临床价值.     

肺鳞癌、腺癌组织中miRNA-210表达对预后影响的初步研究

目的:探讨肺鳞癌腺癌组织中mi RNA-210表达水平对预后的影响。方法:选取我院2004年至2007年接受手术治疗的肺鳞癌腺癌患者80例,采用定量RT-PCR测定的方法 mi RNA-210在肺癌组织中的表达,并分析其与患者临床病理特点及组织类型之间的关系。结果:定量RT-PCR测定结果显示,mi RNA-210与肺鳞癌腺癌患者的无病生存期和总生存期负相关(DFS,P=0.001;OS,P=0.004)。mi RNA-210与腺癌患者淋巴结转移(P=0.018)、晚期疾病(P=0.003)及较差的预后(P=0.002)显著相关。多因素Cox分析显示mi RNA-210是腺癌患者无病生存期的独立预后因子(P0.001)。结论:肺腺癌病人肿瘤组织重mi RNA-210可能为预后的生物标志物。     

埃克替尼联合化疗治疗EGFR突变型晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及对生活质量和血清肿瘤标志物的影响

目的:观察表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变型晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)经化疗联合埃克替尼治疗后的临床效果。方法:122例研究对象均为我院于2015年3月~2019年3月期间收治的晚期NSCLC患者且为EGFR突变型。采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(单药埃克替尼靶向药物治疗)和实验组(埃克替尼联合化疗),各61例。观察两组疗效、生活质量、血清肿瘤标志物、毒副反应的变化,比较两组患者的无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)。结果:实验组治疗后的客观缓解率、疾病控制率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组治疗后整体生活质量和健康状况总得分高于对照组,功能及症状总得分低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组治疗后癌胚抗原(CEA)、癌抗原125(CA125)与角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组毒副反应总发生率高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组间PFS、OS生存率比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:埃克替尼联合化疗治疗EGFR突变型晚期NSCLC患者疗效较好,可有效阻止疾病进展,提高患者生活质量,改善患者预后。     

培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗晚期尿路上皮癌的疗效与安全性研究

目的:评估培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗晚期尿路上皮癌的有效性和安全性。方法:纳入在我院泌尿科治疗的65例晚期上皮癌患者。每隔3周为患者注射培美曲塞500 mg·m-2,顺铂70 mg·m-2。试验主要终点为客观缓解率(ORR),次要终点为无疾病进展期(PFS)、总生存期(OS)和毒性。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率。结果:患者客观响应率为65.4%(95%CI:50.3%-78.1%),42例患者有部分缓解,11例患者疾病稳定。PFS和OS分别为7.1(95%CI:6.3-8.7)个月与15.5个月(95%CI:11.5-19.5)个月。29.2%的患者出现3级或4级嗜中性白血球减少症,无发热性中性粒细胞减少情况出现。结论:培美曲塞联合顺铂用于晚期尿路上皮癌一线治疗十分有效,且耐受性良好。     

血清IL-6、miR-17-5p水平与卵巢癌患者化疗后生存期的相关性分析

目的:分析血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、微小RNA-17-5p(miR-17-5p)水平与卵巢癌患者化疗后生存期的相关性。方法:选取行手术治疗联合术后化疗的65例卵巢癌患者作为病例组,选取50名健康体检者作为对照组,选取50例良性卵巢疾病患者作为良性疾病组,对病例组患者术前及术后14d的血清IL-6、miR-17-5p水平进行检测和比较,对良性疾病组和对照组研究对象的血清IL-6、miR-17-5p水平进行检测和比较,对病例组患者进行随访,对其总生存期(OS)和无疾病进展生存期(PFS)进行观察和比较。结果:病例组患者血清IL-6、miR-17-5p表达水平显著高于良性疾病组,良性疾病组患者的血清IL-6、miR-17-5p表达水平显著高于对照组,各组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。病例组患者术后14d血清IL-6、miR-17-5p表达水平较手术前显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。血清IL-6、miR-17-5p高表达的卵巢癌患者中TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期的比例较高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。血清IL-6、miR-17-5p高表达卵巢癌患者的OS和PFS明显短于血清IL-6、miR-17-5p低表达患者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。血清IL-6和miR-17-5p同时呈现低表达的卵巢癌患者的OS和PFS水平最高,血清IL-6或miR-17-5p其中之一呈现高表达卵巢癌患者的OS和PFS水平居中,而血清IL-6和miR-17-5p同时呈现高表达的OS和PFS水平最低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:卵巢癌患者可表现为血清IL-6、miR-17-5p水平的显著升高,在手术治疗后,其水平会出现下降,术前较高的血清IL-6、miR-17-5p表达水平与较短的生存期和不良预后具有关联性,可作为预测患者预后的辅助指标。     

磁共振弥散加权成像预测宫颈癌早期放化疗疗效及预后

目的:探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)在预测宫颈癌患者早期放化疗效果及预后的应用价值。方法:选择2011年2月~2014年2月在我院住院并接受同期放化疗的宫颈癌患者共74例,于放化疗前、放化疗中、放化疗结束时进行磁共振(MR)扫描及DWI检查。记录不同时间段的肿瘤体积和宫颈癌表观弥散系数(ADC)变化,依据实体瘤的疗效评价标准(RECIST)标准比较放化疗前后不同疗效组ADC值及其变化率。对患者进行18个月的随访,以病理切片检查结果为金标准,分析DWI对宫颈癌复发诊断的灵敏度和特异度。结果:放化疗前、中、结束时患者的肿瘤体积和ADC值差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与放化疗前相比,不同疗效组放化疗后的ADC值均明显升高(P0.05),且放化疗后各组ADC值和ADC变化率之间差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);DWI对宫颈癌复发诊断的灵敏度和特异度分别为95.83%和95.45%。结论:DWI可以预测宫颈癌早期放化疗临床疗效,并对患者预后评估具有较高的灵敏度和特异度,值得在临床上广泛推广。     

胰腺癌干细胞研究现状

胰腺癌是恶性程度非常高、预后非常差的消化道肿瘤之一。大部分患者发现时已属无法手术切除的晚期胰腺癌,并对放化疗不敏感。最近的研究表明胰腺癌干细胞是胰腺癌发生和进展的源头,并对放疗和化疗导致的凋亡耐受,对胰腺癌干细胞自我更新和耐药机制的深入研究可能发现对胰腺癌更有效的治疗措施。现对胰腺癌干细胞研究现状作一综述。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.