腹腔镜手术治疗急性阑尾炎的临床疗效及对血清PCT和CRP水平的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗急性阑尾炎的临床疗效以及对患者血清降钙素原(PCT)和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的影响。方法:选择2014年9月至2015年9月期间我院收治的急性阑尾炎患者80例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=40)和观察组(n=40),观察组行腹腔镜手术治疗,对照组行开腹手术治疗,对比两组患者的疗效、并发症、围手术期外周血PCT、CRP的变化情况。结果:观察组患者术中出血量、术后首次肛门排气时间以及住院时间均明显少于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者术后总并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05);术后第1 d,两组患者的血清PCT、CRP水平相比术前均有明显升高(P0.05);术后第3 d,观察组血清PCT、CRP水平则与术前无明显差异(P0.05),而对照组则仍明显高于术前水平(P0.05);术后第5 d,观察组血清PCT、CRP水平明显低于术前(P0.05),而对照组与术前相比无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后第1、3、5 d的血清PCT、CRP水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:相比开腹手术,腹腔镜手术治疗急性阑尾炎患者疗效显著,能有效控制血清PCT、CRP水平,有利患者及早康复。     

微波治疗对痔瘘术后患者预后及血清NGF、PGE2、NPY水平的影响

目的:探讨微波治疗对痔瘘术后患者的预后及血清神经生长因子(NGF)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)、神经肽Y(NPY)水平的影响。方法:选择我院2016年6月至2018年7月接诊的120例痔瘘术后患者,通过随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组患者给予微波治疗。两组患者均连续治疗1周。比较两组治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群、凝血功能、血清炎症因子、NGF、PGE2、NPY水平的变化情况、预后及并发症的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组CD_3~+、CD_8~+均高于对照组,CD_4~+/CD_8~+低于对照组(P0.05);观察组凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)均长于对照组,纤维蛋白原(FIB)低于对照组(P0.05);观察组血清CRP、TNF-α和PCT水平均明显优于对照组(P0.05),血清NGF、PGE2、NPY水平均低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者治疗后第3天和5天肛门水肿评分和创面愈合时间均少于对照组,创面愈合率高于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后并发症的总发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:微波治疗痔瘘术后患者能有效改善患者免疫功能,减轻炎症反应,降低血清NGF、PGE2、NPY水平,有利于促进患者恢复,且安全性高。     

丙泊酚在颅脑损伤手术中的效果观察及对血清CRP、PCT水平的影响

目的:分析丙泊酚在颅脑损伤手术中的效果及对血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)水平的影响。方法:选择2016年6月-2019年6月我院收治的颅脑损伤手术患者90例纳入本次研究,根据麻醉方式分为观察组(n=46)和对照组(n=44)。对照组使用依托咪酯进行麻醉诱导,观察组采用丙泊酚进行麻醉诱导。比较两组患者呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间、不同时间血清CRP、PCT、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、收缩压(SBP)及舒张压(DBP)、简易智能量表(MMSE)、视觉模拟(VAS)评分的变化情况及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05)。术前,两组血清CRP、PCT水平比较无显著差异;术中,两组血清CRP、PCT水平均较术前明显下降,且观察组术中血清CRP、PCT水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05);术前,两组HR、MAP、SBP及DBP水平无显著差异;术中,两组HR、MAP、SBP及DBP水平均较术前显著升高,且观察组术中HR、MAP、SBP及DBP水平均显著低于对照组,术后两组HR、MAP、SBP及DBP水平均较术中明显下降,且观察组术后以上指标显著低于对照组(P0.05);术前,两组MMSE、VAS评分水平无明显差异;术后,两组MMSE、VAS评分水平均较术前明显下降,且观察组MMSE评分水平均显著高于对照组,VAS评分水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应总发生率分别为4.35%、11.36%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:丙泊酚可降低颅脑损伤手术患者术中血清CRP、PCT水平,稳定血流动力学,并发挥术后镇痛作用。     

肾移植术后患者同型半胱氨酸、肾功能和血脂水平的变化及其相关性分析

目的:分析肾移植术后患者血清的同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、肾功能和血脂水平的变化和相关性,探讨其在肾移植术后评价肾功能的应用价值。方法:将2013年10月~2016年9月就诊于我院确诊慢性肾衰并进行肾移植手术的300例术后随访患者作为观察组,选择同期健康志愿者100例作为对照组。检测并比较两组Hcy、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。根据观察组患者Hcy水平的不同将其分成Hcy正常组与Hcy异常组,并对比两组患者的血脂指标水平;测定半胱氨酸蛋白抑制剂C(CysC)的水平并计算肾小球滤过率(eGFR);对观察组血清Hcy与eGFR值、血脂指标水平进行相关性分析,并采用Logistic回归分析分析观察组肾移植术后eGFR下降的影响因素。结果:观察组患者的血清Hcy、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。Hcy异常组血清LDL-C水平明显高于Hcy正常组,而HDL-C水平明显低于Hcy正常组(P0.05)。观察组患者血清Hcy与eGFR、HDL-C水平呈负相关关系(r=-0.573、-0.414,P0.05);与TG水平呈正相关(r=0.432,P0.05),与TC、LDL-C无相关(P0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示,Hcy、TG、LDL-C水平均与患者eGFR下降有关(P0.05)。结论:在肾移植术后,慢性肾衰患者的TG、LDL-C、Hcy水平均升高,且伴有eGFR水平的降低;肾移植术后肾功能的改变与血清TG、LDL-C、Hcy水平相关;检测肾移植患者血脂指标、Hcy的水平可以评估移植肾功能受损情况。     

微创经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱转移性肿瘤的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨微创经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取我院收治的60例脊柱转移瘤患者并随机分为两组,观察组(30例)行微创经皮椎体成形术治疗,对照组(30例)行开放性手术治疗。比较两组患者术后12、24、48 h的VAS评分、镇痛次数,术前及术后24、48 h的血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平,术前及术后3、6个月的Prolo评分。结果:术后12、24、48 h,两组患者的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分逐渐下降,且观察组VAS评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05),术后镇痛次数也明显少于对照组(P0.05)。术后24、48 h,两组患者血清CRP水平均明显低于术前,且观察组血清CRP水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。术后3、6个月,两组患者的Prolo评分均较术前明显提高,且观察组Prolo评分显著高于对照组(P0.05);随访3个月期间,两组并发症的发生情况相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:微创经皮椎体成形术可以明显减轻脊柱转移性瘤的疼痛,患者日常生活能力恢复较好,且安全性高。     

经皮电穴位电刺激足三里穴对胃癌患者术后血清IgG、IgM水平的影响

目的:观察经皮穴位电刺激对胃癌根治术患者术后血清免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)水平的影响。方法:选择全麻择期行胃癌根治术的患者102例(男88例,女14例),年龄40~75岁,将其随机分为经皮穴位电刺激组、假电刺激组和对照组。经皮电刺激双侧"足三里"(ST 36)、"三阴交"(SP 6)穴,于手术当日、术后第1日和术后第2日进行经皮电刺激治疗。于术前30分钟、术后24 h、术后72 h采集静脉血标本,测定免疫球蛋白G(Immunoglobulin G,Ig G)、免疫球蛋白M(Immunoglobulin M,Ig M)的水平。术后监测和记录肛门的排气时间。结果:在术后第1天,对照组外周血Ig G水平显著低于术前30分钟(P0.05),TEAS组外周血Ig M水平显著高于术前30分钟(P0.05),TEAS组外周血Ig G和Ig M水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在术后第3天,对照组外周血Ig G、Ig M水平显著低于术前30分钟(P0.05),TEAS组外周血Ig G、Ig M水平均显著低于术后1天(P0.05)。三组患者术后肛门排气时间比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:经皮穴位电刺激可以升高胃癌根治术患者术后1天降低的外周血Ig G和Ig M水平,减轻其术后免疫抑制。     

综合体温管理对老年肺癌患者凝血功能、失血量及早期认知功能的影响研究

目的:观察综合体温管理对老年肺癌患者凝血功能、失血量及早期认知功能的影响。方法:148例老年肺癌手术患者随机分为观察组(n=74)与对照组(n=74)。对照组予常规管理,观察组予综合体温管理。观察两组术前(t1)、开胸后(t2)、冲洗前(t3)、冲洗后(t4)、关胸后(t5)的鼻咽温度、肛门温度和血氧饱和度;术前、手术30 min、术后即刻凝血功能指标;术中、术后1d、术后2d失血量;术前术后认知功能评分;麻醉恢复期寒战及术后感染发生率。结果:t1、t2时,两组鼻咽温度、肛门温度、血氧饱和度差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。t3、t4、t5时,观察组鼻咽温度、肛门温度、血氧饱和度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术30 min、术后,两组凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)等凝血功能指标均降低,观察组PT、APTT、TT等凝血功能指标均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术中、术后1d、术后2d失血量均分别低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后认知功能评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组麻醉恢复期寒战发生率8.11%低于对照组27.03%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后感染率4.05%低于对照组16.22%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:综合体温管理可有效维持老年肺癌患者术中正常核心体温,维持血液、神经等系统的正常生理功能,提高患者术后早期认知功能,降低围术期风险。     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗创伤性血气胸的临床疗效及对血清hs-CRP及CRP水平的影响

目的:研究电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)治疗创伤性血气胸的临床疗效及对血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的影响,为临床治疗提供依据。方法:选取2005年11月到2015年11月我院收治疗的创伤性血气胸患者60例,根据手术方式将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组30例,研究组应用VATS治疗,对照组应用开胸手术治疗,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、胸腔引流量、引流时间、住院时间以及并发症,并观察术前、术后第1天、第3天和术后1周血清中hs-CRP和CRP水平。结果:研究组手术时间、引流时间和住院时间均显著短于对照组,术中出血量和胸腔引流量显著少于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组并发症发生率显著低于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后第1天两组hs-CRP显著升高,且对照组显著高于研究组,术后第3天两组CRP明显升高,对照组明显高于研究组,hs-CRP明显下降,且研究组低于对照组,术后1周两组hs-CRP均较术后1天明显下降,CRP较术后3天明显下降,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:VATS治疗创伤性血气胸手术时间短,对患者伤害小且并发症少,术后hs-CRP和CRP均不同程度增高,1周后开始降低。     

吲哚美辛联合生长抑素对ERCP术后胰腺炎的预防作用

目的:研究吲哚美辛联合生长抑素对内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后胰腺炎的预防作用及对血清淀粉酶的影响。方法:选取2015年7月至2016年6月在我院行ERCP术的患者共72例,根据随机数字法分为观察和对照组,每组36例。对照组在术前使用生长抑素完成治疗,观察组在此基础上联合吲哚美辛栓剂完成治疗。分析和比较两组患者ERCP术后5、10、24、48h的血清淀粉酶水平,ERCP术后48h胰腺炎的发生率、肝功能变化情况和临床症状改善情况。结果:术前,两组患者血清淀粉酶水平比较无显著差异(P0.05),术后5h,两组患者的血清淀粉酶水平较高,和术后5h相比,两组术后10、24、48h的血清淀粉酶水平明显降低(P0.05),但观察组各时点血清淀粉酶水平均低于对照组(P0.05)。术前,两组患者GGT、ALP、AST水平比较无显著差异(P0.05),术后48h,两组患者GGT、ALP、AST水平较术前无明显变化(P0.05)。术后48 h,观察组的胰腺炎发生率显著低于对照组[8.33%(3/36) vs. 36.11%(13/36)](P0.05)。观察组的皮肤瘙痒、腹泻、恶心、厌食、感染的减轻率均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:吲哚美辛联合生长抑素能有效降低ERCP术后胰腺炎的发生率,降低血清淀粉酶水平。     

后路内固定融合术对胸腰段脊柱骨折患者椎体参数与创伤应激状态的影响研究

目的:探究后路内固定融合术对胸腰段脊柱骨折患者椎体参数与创伤应激状态的影响。方法:选取2016年11月～2017年11月我院收治的60例胸腰段脊柱骨折患者为研究对象,将其依据治疗方式的不同分为对照组(前路内固定融合术组)30例和观察组(后路内固定融合术组)30例。比较两组手术前后的椎体参数与血清促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(Cor)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平的变化。结果:术后1个月及6个月,两组的Cobb角均较术前减小,椎体前、后缘高度均较术前增加,且观察组Cobb角均低于对照组,而椎体前、后缘高度均高于对照组。术后1周,两组血清ACTH、Cor水平升高,观察组以上指标明显低于对照组(P0.05),观察组TNF-α水平较术前明显下降,而对照组较术前显著升高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后2周,观察组的血清ACTH、Cor、TNF-α水平均明显低于对照组,且低于术前水平(P0.05)。结论:后路内固定融合术对胸腰段脊柱骨折患者椎体参数与创伤应激状态的影响相对更好。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.