左旋多巴联合综合疗法治疗屈光不正性弱视患儿的临床效果

目的:探究左旋多巴联合综合疗法治疗屈光不正性弱视患儿的临床效果。方法:选取2013年4月至2016年3月在我院接受治疗的屈光不正性弱视青少年103例(180眼),随机分为对照组52例(90眼)和观察组51例(90眼)。对照组患儿给予常规的综合治疗,观察组在对照组之上给予左旋多巴治疗。治疗6个月后,观察比较两组患儿的治疗有效率、图形视觉诱发电位(P-VEP)、视觉对比敏感度和视功能等以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组的视力治疗有效率为90.00%,显著高于对照组(68.89%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗6个月后,两组的振幅出现明显的升高,且观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组的潜伏期发生明显降低,且观察组的显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患儿的100%、25%、10%及5%空间频率视觉对比敏感度均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患儿的矫正辐辏范围、矫正分开范围显著高于对照组,矫正近立体锐度显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗期间,两组不良反应发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:左旋多巴联合综合疗法可有效改善屈光不正患儿的视觉中枢神经元功能,明显提高视力水平及视觉敏感度。     

阿托品联合综合疗法治疗青少年屈光不正的疗效及安全性分析

目的:分析阿托品联合综合疗法治疗青少年屈光不正弱视的近期疗效及安全性。方法:以2017年2月至2017年5月于我院接受诊治的60例青少年屈光不正弱视患者(患眼102只)为研究对象,按接受诊治时间先后顺序分为对照组和观察组各30例。患眼分别为52和50只。观察治疗前后所有屈光不正弱视患者的视觉敏感度、图像诱发电位(P-VEP)、立体视功能的改善、治疗有效率和不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,两组患眼对比度、波幅均较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),潜伏期低于治疗前(P0.05),且观察组各空间频率下的对比度、波幅均显著高于对照组(P0.05),潜伏期低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患眼的矫正幅度范围和矫正分开范围显著高于对照组,矫正近立体视锐角显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组的治疗总有效率为92.00%,高于对照组的71.15%(P0.05);两组患者均未见明显的不良反应发生。结论:阿托品联合综合疗法对青少年屈光不正弱视的近期疗效较好,且安全性高。     

葫芦岛地区育龄期女性甲状腺功能指标的调查研究

目的探讨葫芦岛地区育龄期女性甲状腺功能水平与孕前促甲状腺激素(TSH)、抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPO-Ab)筛查对优生优育的意义。方法选择葫芦岛市1 540例育龄女性,采用罗氏电化学发光E602检测血清TSH、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)和TPO-Ab。结果 1 540例育龄妇女中,TSH异常135例,总异常率为8.7%,不同年龄组间TSH的异常率差异有统计学意义(χ2=33.56,P0.05)。TPO-Ab总阳性率为8.2%,TSH正常与异常组间的比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=34.84,P0.05)。进一步分层分析,TSH异常者中,甲亢与甲减组TPO-Ab阳性率的比较组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.043,P0.05)。结论葫芦岛地区育龄期女性甲状腺功能异常率较高,应对孕产妇常规进行甲状腺功能检测。     

屈光不正对儿童视觉皮层神经元活动影响的功能磁共振研究

目的：利用血氧水平依赖性功能性磁共振成像（BOLD-fMRI）技术及非金属MRI专用眼镜,分析探索屈光不正对儿童大脑皮层视觉功能区神经元活动的影响。方法：以1．5T磁共振成像系统采集8例屈光不正眼儿童屈光矫正前后枕叶视皮层兴趣区BOLD—fMRI数据,及8例正常眼凸透镜离焦前后枕叶视皮层兴趣区BOLD—fMRI数据,进行对比分析,比较屈光不正眼及其矫正后、正常眼及其离焦后皮层视觉功能区神经元活动的不同,分析其改变特点及原因。结果：屈光不正眼儿童矫正屈光后皮层视觉功能区神经元活动范围明显增加（P〈0．05）;正常眼离焦后皮层视觉功能区神经元活动范围明显减小（P〈0．05）。结论：屈光不正会明显降低儿童皮层视觉功能区的神经元活动。屈光不正患儿应尽早配镜矫正,以免影响视觉皮层功能发育。     

乙肝孕妇肝功能指标变化与早产相关性的临床分析

目的:探讨乙型肝炎病毒感染伴肝功能异常肝功能指标变化对孕妇早产发生的影响.方法:选择2007年1月-2008年12月间在我院产检及住院分娩的156例孕28周至37周存在肝功异常的乙肝孕妇进行了回顾性分析.结果:晚期妊娠合并病毒性乙型肝炎患者早产组与非早产组血清转氨酶水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组总胆红素、总胆汁酸水平比较,差异显著(P＜0.01).孕晚期ALT轻度、中度以上异常,旱产发生率分别32%、90%,OR分别为2.7、51;AST轻度、中度以上异常,早产发生率分别35%、87%,OR分别为3.1、37.9;总胆汁酸轻度、中度以上异常,早产发生率分别39%、91%,OR分别为3.6、57.2;总胆红素轻度、中度以上异常,早产发生率分别49%、88%,OR分别为5.4、41.6;早产组与非早产组比较,羊水粪染及胎儿宫内窘迫差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),剖宫产率、产后出血、新生儿窒息两组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:乙肝孕妇晚期妊娠血清ALT和AST、TBA、TBI1水平均与早产发生有关.     

眼底图像深度学习技术对屈光不正的智能诊断研究

目的:提出一种基于人类视觉注意力机制的RE-Net网络结构以使卷积神经网络(CNN)更适用于眼底相的屈光不正的智能诊断评估。方法:RE-Net由Res Net34作为骨干网络,进一步使用了上下文注意力模块,包括通道注意力机制和空间注意力机制,使其相应的通道发挥最大的作用,提高响应区域的权重。结果:使用了4358张眼底图像作为RE-Net的训练集。在包含485张眼底图像的测试集上,分类准确率分别为,高度近视93.3%,中度近视89.7%,轻度近视83.2%,轻度远视82.5%,中度远视79.5%,重度远视84.6%,平均分类准确率达85.5%,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.909,灵敏度为0.93,特异性为0.89, Kappa值为0.79 (x~2=23.21,P0.05)。结论:基于深度学习的RE-NET人工智能诊断系统能较好进行屈光不正的诊断评估,有望为屈光不正提供一种新的筛查工具。     

肾癌患者凝血指标的临床分析

目的:探讨肾癌患者异常增高的凝血指标、静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)发生率与临床分期的关系,分析肾癌患者血液高凝状态的临床特征。方法:对2010年至2012年335例住院的肾癌患者Fib、D-D、BPC水平进行检测并筛查发生VTE的患者。结果:335例肾癌患者中,异常Fib、D-D、BPC的发生率分别为20.6%、9.9%、6.6%,且随着肾癌分期的增加,凝血指标异常的发生率逐渐升高,各分期之间比较有统计学差异(P0.05);VTE的发生率为2.2%,Ⅳ期肾癌患者最高为1.2%,且各分期之间比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。年龄≥60岁、肿瘤最大径10 cm、临床分期晚、伴有远处转移的肾癌患者血液高凝的发生率分别显著高于年龄60岁、肿瘤最大径10 cm、临床分期早、不伴有远处转移的肾癌患者(P0.05)。结论:年龄≥60岁、肿瘤最大径10 cm、临床分期晚、伴有远处转移可能是肾癌患者发生血液高凝状态和VTE的危险因素,应引起临床重视。     

妊娠期糖代谢异常对新生儿出生结局的影响

目的：探讨妊娠期不同程度的糖代谢异常对胎儿发育及结局的影响。方法：前瞻性收集我院2009年1月至2010年1月分娩的糖代谢异常的331例单胎妊娠孕妇,分为糖筛查异常组69例、糖耐量异常组126例、妊娠期糖尿病（Gestaional DiabetesMellitus,GDM）组136例,并选择同期糖代谢正常的751例单胎孕妇为对照组,比较四组新生儿出生的最终结局。结果：糖筛查异常组与对照组新生儿结局差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）;糖耐量异常组中巨大儿及新生儿窒息、早产儿的发生率与对照组差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）;GDM组与对照组差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。结论：母亲妊娠期不同程度的糖代谢异常对新生儿影响不同。口服葡萄糖耐量试验（Oral Glucose Tolerance Test,OGTT）异常与GDM一样对新生儿发育及结局均有影响,可使巨大儿、新生儿窒息、早产儿的发生率增高。     

综合治疗法对不同弱视儿童治疗效果观察

目的:探讨综合治疗法对不同程度、不同年龄、不同类型的弱视患儿的临床疗效。方法:选取2012年1月~2014年1月在我院接受治疗的弱视患儿393例(671眼),根据弱视程度分为轻度组(299眼)、中度组(293眼)和重度组(79眼),3组患者均采用遮盖、精细目力训练、仪器训练及压抑疗法进行治疗,均治疗6~12个月,比较不同程度、不同年龄、不同类型的弱视患儿治疗后临床疗效。结果:治疗后,轻度、中度和重度组患儿的治愈率分别为90.97%、72.35%和17.72%,总有效率分别为100.00%、96.93%和84.81%,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。3~5岁、6~8岁和9~11岁患儿的治愈率分别为77.08%、74.72%和71.03%,总有效率分别为99.48%、97.36%和93.93%,3~5岁患儿总有效率显著高于9~11岁患儿(P0.05),但三个年龄段患儿治愈率差异不显著(P0.05)。屈光不正性弱视患儿、斜视性弱视患儿、屈光参差性弱视患儿的治愈率分别为85.65%、45.75%和61.54%,总有效率分别为99.34%、90.20%和95.38%,其中,屈光不正性弱视患儿经治疗的总有效率和治愈率均显著高于其他两种类型(P0.05)。结论:综合治疗法对弱视患儿的临床疗效与弱视程度、弱视类型和年龄密切相关,结合儿童弱视类型提早治疗是提高预后的关键。     

中国东部与西部汉族小学生体质发育差异的动态变化

为了揭示中国东西部汉族小学生体质发育差异的动态变化,应用文献资料法和数理统计法,将中国学生体质与健康1985年和2010年两次调研中有关东部和西部汉族小学生体质数据进行统计和对比分析。结果表明:东部小学生体质持续优于西部小学生且总体上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),东西部小学生的身体形态、身体机能及城市小学生体育素质呈拉大的趋势,东西部乡村小学生的体育素质呈缩小的趋势;东西部小学生身体形态发育处于增长的长期趋势;东西部小学生肺活量全面下降具有统计学意义(P<0.05),西部小学生下降速度快于东部小学生;东西部小学生耐力跑全面下降而斜身引体全面提高且具有统计学意义(P<0.05);东西部小学生体育素质发展差异的特征比较明显,东部小学生体育素质项目提高数量、幅度和速度高于西部小学生而下降的数量、幅度和速度低于西部小学生。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000     

Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin

The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.     

Synthesis of hapten and conjugates of coumestrol and development of immunoassay

3-O-Carboxymethylcoumestrol was prepared as the hapten for immunoassay by a partial alkylation of coumestrol with ethyl chloroacetate in acetone alkalized with potassium carbonate. 3-O-Ethoxycarbonylmethylcoumestrol was separated by column chromatography and finally was hydrolyzed with formic acid. 1H and 13C NMR data (APT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) revealed that the reaction was regioselective, as 3-O-ethoxycarboxymethylcoumestrol was the only monosubstituted derivative. The hapten was then conjugated to bovine serum albumin and used for immunization of rabbits. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system was established based on the polyclonal antiserum and a 125I-labeled hapten-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate as the radioligand. Parameters of the RIA: sensitivity: 12 pg per tube, 50% intercept: 140 pg per tube, working range: 20-4000 pg per tube. The cross-reactivity of a panel isoflavonoid and lignan phytoestrogens was either negligible (e.g. formononetin 0.07%; biochanin A 0.06%) or not detectable at all. The major immunoreactive peak in HPLC fractions from an alfalfa extract had the same retention time as coumestrol standard and represented 94.8% of the signal. The remaining 5.2% of immunoreactivity was distributed between five minor peaks. We conclude that after the validation for particular matrices, the method will be a useful tool for analysis of coumestrol, especially in low volume and low concentration samples.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Effect of soil salinity and water stresses on growth and content of nitrogen,chloride and phosphate of wheat and triticale

Summary Three wheats and one triticale were grown, up to flowering stage, in pots on calcareous soil adjusted to a range of salinities (S₁=3.5, S₂=6, S₃=8.5, and S₄=11 mmhos/cm, 20°C, soilpaste extract) by adding solution consisting of 3∶2∶1 of Na-, Ca- and Mg chlorides in chemical equivalent amounts. Moisture in the pots was kept at 100% (W₁), 40% (W₂) and 20% (W₃) of the available water. The vegetative growth, nitrogen and phosphate were affected by S and W treatments, chloride was affected only by S. The interaction S×W affected only dry weight. Varietal effect was observed between wheat as a group and triticale. Multiple quadratic regression equations of these properties on salinity and water revealed that the higher the available water the wider the range of tolerable salinity. Triticale was relatively more tolerant to water stress. Salinity increases Cl and decreases N, whereas water stress enhances N accumulation to a certain extent. However, in triticale at S₃ and S₄ the effect of water stress on N was overshadowed by the excessive salinity. This did not occur for the wheat (Florence). P trends were described. R² for P was low (0.7435–0.3603) which made interpretations rather difficult.     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.