The 2010 IADR - Geriatric Oral Research Group satellite meeting

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00508.x
The 2010 IADR – Geriatric Oral Research Group satellite meeting On 12 and 13 July, the 2010 IADR General Session satellite meeting of the IADR – Geriatric Oral Research Group (GORG) – was attended by around 60 participants in the beautiful surroundings of Sitges in the outskirts of Barcelona, Spain. The speakers reflected on the main topics ‘Disparities and Expectations in Oral Healthcare: An Elderly Focus’ and ‘Risks and Benefits of Ageing with a Natural Dentition’, which was followed by fruitful discussions in the auditorium and the jointly enjoyed meals. The Sitges meeting comprised lectures of distinguished speakers as well as poster presentations, which discussed and defined the situation of research in the field of gerodontology today as well as the development since the last GORG satellite symposium held on Vancouver Island in 1999. Despite enormous progress over the last 10 years, many important questions concerning economics, regulation, the implementation of oral health care, treatment protocols as well as general health implications of oral disease in the frail and elderly remain still unanswered.     

Levamisole in postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy for gastric cancer

Summary The usefulness of LMS in postoperative immunochemotherapy of gastric cancer was investigated. In compliance with the protocol, MMC was given at a dose of 20 mg on the day of gastrectomy, and an additional 10 mg on the next day IV. The patients receiving 600 mg Tegafur daily were then divided into two groups according to whether LMS was also given or not. LMS was administered for 3 days before the operation in a daily dose of 150 mg and for 1 year or more after operation according to a schedule of 3 days' administration followed by an 11-day interval. The 2-year follow-up demonstrated that in stage III patients, the LMS (+) regimen was superior to the LMS (–) regimen, since the former prolonged the relapse-free interval significantly. The survival rate for stage III disease was also significantly higher in the LMS (+) than in the LMS (–) group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of subjective or objective side-effects between two groups. The incidence of agranulocytosis was comparable in the two groups.Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Japan Levamisole Research AssociationChairmen of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Japan LMS Research AssociationController of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Japan LMS Research AssociationMembers of the Data Collection and Analysis SubcommitteeThis study was carried out by the Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Japan LMS Research Association (directed by Prof. Kiyoshi Inokuchi, Dept. of Surgery, Kyushu University and Prof. Eiro Tsubura, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Tokushima University). The results were presented in part at the 19th General Meeting of the Japanese Society for Gastroenterological Surgery in February, 1982     

The combined effect of Prazosin and autogenic training on cold reactivity in Raynaud's phenomenon

Prazosin and Autogenic Training had an additive effect in attenuating vasomotor tone during an ambient cold challenge in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. The combination of these two treatments significantly elevated finger temperature during a 16 deg C ambient exposure, while neither treatment alone was found to produce this effect. This suggests that Autogenic Training and prazosin had an additive effect on reducing peripheral vasomotor activity.This research was supported by NIH grant R01 HL 25547 and NIMH Research Scientist Development Award K01 MH 00303 to Richard S. Surwit. Data were managed and analyzed using the CLINFO Data Analysis System of the Clinical Research Unit of Duke University Medical Center (G.C.R.C. RR-30) supported by Division of Research Resources of NIH. Partial support was provided by the Charles Pfizer Corporation.     

Inhibition of dark repair of ultraviolet damage in DNA by caffeine and 8-chlorocaffeine. Kinetics of inhibition

Summary The inhibition of dark repair by caffeine and 8-chlorocaffeine was investigated by a cellular enzyme kinetics system. The results suggest that the caffeine and 8-chlorocaffeine act by inhibiting the excision enzyme of the dark repair system.This work was supported by National Insitutes of Health Research Grant AI-05340, the University of Kansas Research Fund, and N.I.H. Training Grant 5 T1 GM-73.     

Mitosis and angiogenesis in microwell endothelial cell culture

This research was supported by a grant from the William Beaumont Hospital Research Institute.     

2019年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2019年中国植物科学家在国际综合性学术期刊及植物科学主流期刊发表的论文数量大幅增加, 在光生物学、植物抗逆和分子进化等若干领域取得了重要成果。其中, 硅藻光合膜蛋白超分子结构和功能研究入选2019年度中国科学十大进展和中国生命科学十大进展; 植物抗病小体的结构与功能研究入选2019年度中国生命科学十大进展。该文评述了2019年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究进展, 以期追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的前沿和热点及展示中国科学家所取得的辉煌成果。     

New and Old in Economic Anthropology

The New Anthropology . John Clammer
Research in Economic Anthropology: An Annual compilation of Research, Vol. 1 . George Dalton
Research in Economic Anthropology: An Annual compilation of Research, Vol. 2 . George Dalton
Research in Economic Anthropology: An Annual compilation of Research, Vol. 1 . George Dalton     

Biochemical genetics of macaques. I. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase polymorphisms in Macaca mulatta and Macaca speciosa

Starch gel electrophoresis of erythrocytes from 1812 Macaca mulatta has unequivocally demonstrated that the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) isozymes are controlled by two autosomal codominant alleles. Limited data on erythrocytes from 89 Macaca speciosa were also consistent with autosomal codominance.This work was supported in part by NIH Grants HD 07835 (WHS) and RR-00167 (Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center) and by the Research Committee of the UW Graduate School (Project No. 170207).Paper No. 2146 of the Laboratory of Genetics, and Publication No. 16-045 of The Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center.     

Signal stabilization and noise suppression in neural systems

Summary Neural activity is viewed as a stochastic point process, in which information resides in the modulation of a background of spontaneous activity. Characteristic features of the spatial and temporal mapping of sensory signals are discussed. One of the puzzling aspects of neural functioning is the integrity of the signal in its passage toward higher brain centers, in view of the fundamentally noisy response of the individual neuron. It is shown, that a process, we call image stabilization, is a direct consequence of the particular mapping function exemplified by lateral inhibition and adaptation.The research reported in this paper was sponsored by the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories, Aerospace Medical Division, Air Force Systems Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, under contract No. F 33615-67-C-1413 and the Office of Naval Research, contract No. ONR N0001467-A-0378-0001, with Syracuse University Research Institute. Further reproduction is authorized to satisfy needs of the U.S. Government.     

Immunocytochemical localization of angiotensinogen in rat liver and kidney

Cell and Tissue Research - The renin substrate, angiotensinogen, was localized by immunocytochemistry in liver and kidney of normal rats by the use of an antiserum directed against pure rat...     

Electron microscopic histochemistry of lysosomes in neurosecretory nerve endings and pituicytes of rat posterior pituitary

Summary Electron microscopic localization of acid phosphatase (AcPase) was carried out on posterior pituitary glands from rats. An estimated 5% of the neurosecretory nerve terminals contained structures which showed reaction product. Most of the lysosomes were small dense bodies, often with a membranous substructure. Other lysosomes were larger in size or were found within vacuoles. AcPase was also localized to lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus of pituicytes. Evidence is presented which would associate the large lipid droplets characteristic of pituicytes with AcPase-positive dense bodies. The present study indicates that hydrolytic activity by lysosomes occurs within the terminals of neurosecretory cells, and adds further support to the concept that this process represents a normal phenomenon of cells and their extensions in general.Supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada.Medical Research Associate of the Medical Research Council of Canada.     

Phenolic Compounds from the Fruits of Prunus davidiana (Rosaceae) and Their Antioxidant Activities

This research was supported by Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ014204032019) and the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2020R1A6A3A01100042).     

Phytoplankton production and phosphorus supply in Cayuga Lake (1968–1973)

The average annual rate of carbon production in Cayuga Lake, New York, was determined by ¹⁴C uptake and by a phosphorus supply method. The rate of phosphorus supply was converted to units of carbon production using observed sestonic C : P ratios. The two methods gave good agreement and annual carbon production was estimated to be 130 gC m⁻² yr⁻¹. Research supported by Federal Hatch Funds and by U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Water Resources Research.     

Direct connections between mitochondria and catecholamine-storage vesicles demonstrated by high voltage electron microscopy in rat adrenal medulla

Summary Tubular channels from mitochondria to catecholamine-storage vesicles have been demonstrated in thick sections of adrenal medullary tissue from hypoglycemia-stressed rats by the use of the high voltage electron microscope. The function of these connections is not presently known although they may serve as channels for the transport of materials such as high-energy nucleotides from one organelle to the other. The present study has examined only the adrenal medulla, but it should be considered that such connections may also exist in other neural cells and possibly other cells in which there is intracellular transport of ATP.This work was supported by NIH DRR 70-4136, WVU Medical Corporation Research Grants, Biomedical Research Support Grant 5 SOI RR05433, WVU Senate Research Grant, and West Virginia Heart Association Research Grant. We wish to thank Barbara Coalgate, Billie Pack, and the staffs of the HVEM laboratories at U.S. Steel and University of Colorado.     

Peroxidase-dependent oxidation of tyrosine or dopa to melanin in neurons

Summary Peroxidase activity was demonstrated in guinea pig frontal lobe by histochemical methods, and was correlated with peroxidase-dependent enzymatic synthesis of melanin from tyrosine or dopa. Peroxidase activity and peroxidase-dependent melanin synthesis appeared to be mainly in lysosomes of neurons. These findings open the possibility that peroxidase may have a role in catecholamine, lipofuscin and neuromelanin synthesis in the brain.Supported by USPHS Grant T1 AM 5220, The General Research Support Fund, Boston City Hospital, and the General Research Fund and Pathology Research Fund, St. Vincent Hospital.     

Global stability in time-delayed single-species dynamics

Criteria are established for three classes of models of single-species dynamics with a single discrete delay to have a globally asymptotically stable positive equilibrium independent of the length of delay. Research partially supported by the NSERC of Canada, grant No. A4823. Research was carried out while the author was a distinguished visitor at the University of Alberta.     

Spectral absorption by screening pigment granules in the compound eyes of a moth and a wasp

Summary The spectral absorption by single ommin containing pigment granules or clusters of granules from compound eyes was measured spectrophotometrically between 300 and 700 nm. The measurements were made on fresh and fixed slices from compound eyes of Celerio euphorbiae and Vespa spec. In the visible part of the spectrum there is an absorption maximum between 540 and 550 nm, situated nearly 30 nm more towards the red than that of pure ommin in solution. A frequently found side maximum of variable height at about 450 nm is probably caused by oxidized xanthommatin occurring additionally within the granules. The absorption increases from 350 nm towards shorter wavelengths, and gradually declines between 550 and 700 nm.This work was supported partly by the Swedish Medical Research Council, Stiftelsen Gustaf och Tyra Svenssons Minne, Reservationsanslaget, and partly by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the European Office of Aerospace Research, OAR, United States Air Force under grant number EOOAR-68-0036.     

Effect of TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) on the fine structure and replication of TSH and prolactin cells in the rat

Summary In intact male rats after TRH administration for 7 and 14 days, TSH cells showed similar morphological changes to those observed after thyroidectomy. These changes were paralleled by small numerical increases in TSH cell counts. After 34 days of TRH treatment, however, most of the TSH cells had a normal appearance and the number of TSH cells also had returned to normal. TRH treatment for 7, 14 and 34 days caused morphological changes in Prolactin cells similar to those obtained after a suckling stimulus. In the three groups these changes were also paralleled by small numerical increases in Prolactin cell counts. The cell replication after TRH for 7 and 14 days, as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine to obtain a labeling index, was slightly but significantly increased.This work was supported by grants MA-552 and MT-2701 from the Medical Research Council of Canada. The authors wish to thank Dr. D.A.J. Ives, Connaught Medical Research Laboratories, Toronto, for providing the TRH, and Mr. G. Penz for technical assistance.Fellow of the Medical Research Council of Canada.     

Efficacy of BCG presensitization in combination with cyclophosphamide (CY) on murine tumor growth and immunity

Summary The effect of BCG in combination with cyclophosphamide (CY) was studied in a solid tumor system in syngeneic mice. There was a marked effect of intradermal (ID) presensitization with BCG (10⁷ organisms) followed by a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of CY (200 mg/kg) one day after the tumor inoculation on tumor suppression and tumor immunity, while there was no effect by either BCG or CY treatment alone. The optimal interval between BCG sensitization and tumor inoculation seemed to be about 3 weeks.Research supported in part by Grant-in-Aid Cancer Research from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan