帽儿山地区不同土地利用方式下土壤-微生物-矿化碳氮化学计量特征

土地利用方式的变化导致土壤碳氮含量及其化学计量关系的变化,然而土壤微生物化学计量及其驱动的碳氮矿化过程如何响应这种变化仍不明确。以帽儿山地区天然落叶阔叶林、人工红松林、草地和农田4种不同土地利用类型为对象,测定其土壤有机碳(C_(soil))、全氮(N_(soil))、微生物生物量碳和氮(C_(mic)和N_(mic))、土壤碳和氮矿化速率(C_(min)和N_(min)),旨在比较不同土地利用方式对土壤、微生物碳氮化学计量特征及矿化速率的影响,探索土壤-微生物-矿化之间碳氮化学计量特征的相关性,揭示微生物对土壤碳氮化学计量变化的响应和调控机制。结果显示:C_(soil)、N_(soil)、C_(mic)、N_(mic)和C_(min)均呈现天然落叶阔叶林人工红松林草地农田,而天然落叶阔叶林和草地的N_(min)显著高于人工红松林和农田。土地利用方式显著影响土壤和微生物碳氮比(C∶N_(soil)和C∶N_(mic)),均呈现农田最高。不同土地利用方式的数据综合分析发现:碳氮矿化速率比与C∶N_(mic)呈负相关,而和微生物与土壤碳氮化学计量不平衡性(C∶N_(imb))显著正相关。单位微生物生物量的碳矿化速率(qCO_2)随着C∶N_(mic)的增加而降低,而单位微生物生物量的氮矿化速率(qAN)随着C∶N_(mic)的增加而增加。C∶N_(imb)与qCO_2正相关,与qAN负相关。以上结果表明,微生物会通过改变自身碳氮化学计量、调整碳氮之间相对矿化速率,以适应土地利用变化导致的土壤碳氮及其化学计量的变异性,以满足自身生长和代谢的碳氮需求平衡。     

Importance of glutamate synthase in glutamate synthesis by soybean cell suspension cultures

The specific activities of glutamate synthase|EC 2.6.1.53, l-glutamine: alpha-ketoglutarate amino transferase (NADPH-oxidising)| and glutamine synthetase|EC 6.3.1.2, l-glutamate: ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)| extracted from soybean (Glycine max L.) cells grown in modified B5 medium were found to vary significantly in response to variations in the nitrogen content of the medium. The changes seen in specific activity levels could be correlated with similar patterns seen in the growth of the cells, in response to changes in the nitrogen content of the medium. By contrast, the specific activity of glutamate dehydrogenase|EC 1.4.1.2, l-glutamate: NAD(+) oxidoreductase (deaminating)|, was relatively low and invariant. Glutamate synthase was extracted from cells grown under optimal conditions, partially purified, and shown to have many properties in common with preparations of this enzyme extracted from other plant sources. Glutamate synthase was purified to homogeneity, using affinity chromatography on blue Sepharose.     

Ammonia toxicity in liquid piggery manure digestion

Summary In batch and continuous experiments, the influence of NH₄ ^{|post|staggered|+}-N on anaerobic digestion of liquid piggery manure was investigated. The source of nitrogen as well as its concentration influenced the fermentation. By means of pH-controlled operation and a suitable choice of temperature, inhibitory effects of NH₄ ^{|post|staggered|+}-N could be prevented.     

放牧和刈割对内蒙古典型草原土壤可提取碳和氮的影响

依托内蒙古典型草原的长期野外放牧控制试验,探讨了放牧和刈割对土壤有机碳、全氮、可提取碳和氮、微生物生物量碳和氮的影响.结果表明: 放牧使可提取有机碳降低11.4%～37.1%,而刈割使可提取有机碳升高5.8%.放牧和刈割分别使可提取氮升高10%～340%和10%～240%.放牧强度不高于6.0 sheep·hm^-2的条件下有利于维持甚至增加微生物生物量碳,而重度放牧(7.5和9.0 sheep·hm^-2)则减少微生物生物量碳.刈割处理下微生物生物量碳和氮分别升高31.0%和9.8%.通径分析表明,放牧处理下微生物生物量碳的主要影响因素是有机碳、可提取全氮和全氮,其中直接影响因素是有机碳和可提取全氮;微生物生物量氮的主要影响因素是土壤pH、可提取有机碳、有机碳和可提取全氮,其中直接影响因素是有机碳和可提取全氮.刈割及轻度和中度放牧有利于维持或改善土壤功能,重度放牧将引起土壤退化.     

细菌利用不同碳、氮源共代谢降解脱色偶氮染料研究进展

本文主要综述了细菌利用碳、氮源等不同共代谢基质降解脱色偶氮染料的研究进展。综合文献结果表明,在单一碳源、单一氮源、复合碳氮源等不同共代谢基质条件下,细菌降解脱色偶氮染料的效能存在较大差异。其影响因素主要包括碳源种类、氮源种类、浓度、碳氮源复合比例等,其中碳、氮源种类影响最为显著。针对偶氮染料,只有提供合适的碳、氮源共代谢基质,才能对细菌降解脱色的效果起到明显的促进作用。同时,在不同碳、氮源共代谢基质条件下,细菌菌群群落结构及优势功能菌种差异较大,而不同碳、氮源共代谢基质作为偶氮染料还原脱色的电子供体,产生的脱色效能也有显著不同。最后,对利用碳、氮源共代谢降解脱色偶氮染料的研究方向进行了展望,认为复合合适的碳、氮源在提高细菌菌群降解脱色效率方面具有较大潜力,另一方面,细菌混合菌群利用碳、氮源共代谢降解脱色偶氮染料的微观分子生态学机制,酶学作用机制,功能菌种与功能蛋白之间相互作用机制等还有待深入研究。     

Modeling the effects of nitrogen deposition on carbon budget in two temperate forests

The NO_x input terrestrial ecosystems are increasing significantly induced by human activities, yet the understanding of the responses of carbon cycle to nitrogen deposition is still poor. The northern temperate forest ecosystems have seen the greatest changes in nitrogen inputs from atmosphere. It is necessary for us to understand how the carbon cycle would change under the nitrogen addition in temperate forests, as an important carbon sink. In this study, we present a biogeochemical process model, CEVSA2, and use this model to elucidate the key processes that may strongly influence the carbon budget response to anthropogenic nitrogen addition. The CEVSA2 model has included the effect of nitrogen on photosynthesis, carbon allocation, soil organic matter decomposition, etc. Our simulations show nitrogen addition stimulates the photosynthesis, net carbon sequestration, carbon accumulation in vegetation and soil, by contrary, the low level of nitrogen addition decreases the heterotrophical and total respiration. The long-term chronic nitrogen addition experiments show that the low and high level nitrogen addition would reduce the carbon sequestration and accumulation. The model failed to simulate the effect of nitrogen addition on plant mortality, the de-coupling of nitrogen and photosynthesis when nitrogen saturates. In addition, the responses of soil respiration to nitrogen deposition involve so many complex biochemical processes; however, we have little knowledge about them. Sequentially, there is large uncertainty of model simulation on the effect of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration. With increasing rates of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition, there is a strong need to understand links between nitrogen inputs and carbon cycle.     

氮输入对植物光合固碳的影响研究进展

植物光合固碳(C)是生物固C的重要途径和生态系统C循环中的重要环节。在全球环境变化背景下,研究氮(N)输入对植物光合固C的影响,对于更好的认识C、N循环过程及生态系统对全球变化的响应过程等具有重要意义。N输入是否能够增加植物固C取决于生态系统类型以及生态系统的N饱和度;草原和湿地生态系统N输入的临界负荷值较高,干旱、半干旱荒漠地区较低;N输入可能改变植物光合固C在各器官的分配,主要由植物生理、自身生长节律和环境养分等决定。由于物种和生态系统类型的差异,N输入对植物固C的影响仍具有很大的不确定性,目前缺乏准确、定量表达N输入对生态系统光合和C同化物分配影响的数学表达方法和过程算法。未来应着重加强N输入下C同化物分配的生物地球化学模型和N、P富集下植物光合固C耦合模型研究,并应用同位素标记和分子生物学技术,从生态系统角度综合探讨N输入下植物光合固C的分配和转化特征。     

冻融季帽儿山森林改变有机碳输入方式对土壤活性氮含量的影响

根系与凋落物有机碳输入变化对土壤碳氮循环的影响已成为当前学界关注的热点,但冻融季不同有机碳输入方式将对土壤活性氮含量产生何种影响尚不明确。为此在春季具有明显冻融作用的温带森林设立凋落物去除、根系去除处理以代表仅根系有机碳输入方式、仅凋落物有机碳输入方式,并设置自然条件有机碳输入方式即保留根系及凋落物作为对照,多角度探究土壤微生物量氮、矿质氮动态变化。结果表明：(1)有机碳输入方式对土壤活性氮含量有重要影响：与自然条件下有机碳输入方式相比,仅根系输入处理使土壤微生物氮、总矿质氮含量升高10.5%、12.3%。(2)输入时长改变了有机碳输入方式对土壤活性氮含量的作用效果：长期单一有机碳输入使土壤微生物量氮含量下降,反应率值为0.451、0.422。(3)季节差异是影响有机碳输入方式对土壤活性氮含量作用效果的关键因素：仅根系有机碳输入在冻融季使总矿质氮含量上升,反应率值为0.404,生长季相反,呈下降趋势,其值为0.121。以上结果表明,有机碳输入方式对土壤活性氮含量有重要调控作用,且作用效果会受季节、输入时长等因素影响。     

扩鞭繁殖毛竹林碳氮贮量的动态变化特征

为探讨不同成林时间扩鞭繁殖毛竹林的碳、氮贮量变化特征,以撂荒地和14年生杉木林为对照,对不同成林时间扩鞭繁殖毛竹林的碳、氮变化动态进行了研究。结果表明,林地的碳、氮贮量均显著高于撂荒地;而14年生杉木林转化为毛竹林后,碳贮量短暂下降后快速上升,成林10年毛竹林的碳贮量达到最大,其后随着“林龄”的增长呈下降的趋势。成林时间超过10年的毛竹林的氮贮量显著高于14年生的杉木林,而成林5年毛竹林的氮贮量低于杉木林。几种类型林分系统的碳、氮贮量均为土壤层>乔木层>凋落物层>林下植被层,且乔木层碳、氮贮量比例越大,土壤层碳氮贮量比例越低。毛竹林凋落物碳、氮贮量高于撂荒地,低于杉木林;但毛竹林凋落物层碳氮贮量随着成林时间的延长而降低,毛竹林较低的凋落物碳氮贮量可能会影响毛竹林的持续固碳能力。因此,平衡乔木层和土壤层的碳氮贮量是森林实现科学经营的关键。     

Carbon-nanotube-modified electrodes for the direct bioelectrochemistry of pseudoazurin

The bioelectrochemistry of the blue copper protein, pseudoazurin, at glassy carbon and platinum electrodes that were modified with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was investigated by multiple scan rate cyclic voltammetry. The protein showed reversible electrochemical behavior at both bare glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) and SWNT-modified GCEs (SWNT|GCEs); however, direct electrochemistry was not observed at any of the platinum electrodes. The effect of the carbon nanotubes at the GCE was to amplify the current response 1000-fold (nA at bare GCE to μA at SWNT|GCE), increase the apparent diffusion coefficient D _app of the solution-borne protein by three orders of magnitude, from 1.35 × 10⁻¹¹ at bare GCE to 7.06 × 10⁻⁸ cm² s-1 at SWNT|GCE, and increase the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant k _s threefold, from 1.7 × 10⁻² cm s⁻¹ at bare GCE to 5.3 × 10⁻² cm s⁻¹ at SWNT|GCE. Pseudoazurin was also found to spontaneously adsorb onto the nanotube-modified GCE surface. Well-resolved voltammograms indicating quasi-reversible faradaic responses were obtained for the adsorbed protein in phosphate buffer, with I _pc and I _pa values now greater than corresponding values for solution-borne pseudoazurin at SWNT|GCEs and with significantly reduced ΔE _p values. The largest electron transfer rate constant of 1.7 × 10⁻¹ cm s⁻¹ was achieved with adsorbed pseudoazurin at the SWNT|GCE surface in deaerated buffer solution consistent with its presumed role in anaerobic respiration of some bacteria.     

北方泥炭地氮素有效性的变化及其对碳汇功能的影响

北方泥炭地是典型的氮限制性生态系统,对全球气候变化及人类活动响应敏感。气候变暖导致内源有效氮增加以及人类活动引起的大量外源氮输入,改变了北方泥炭地氮素有效性,对泥炭地碳氮循环过程及碳汇功能产生了深远影响。本文综述了北方泥炭地碳积累速率和碳汇功能的影响因素,分析了氮沉降、冻融、火烧等因素对北方泥炭地氮素有效性的影响,分别从碳固定和碳排放过程阐述了植物及土壤微生物对氮素有效性变化的响应,并对全球变化影响下泥炭生态系统碳汇功能相关研究进行了展望,以期助力“双碳”目标的实施。     

湿地土壤微生物功能多样性及碳氮组分对长期氮输入的响应

氮输入对湿地生态系统碳氮循环具有重要影响,研究湿地土壤微生物功能多样性及碳氮组分对氮输入的响应,对于明确湿地土壤碳氮循环微生物驱动机制具有重要意义。依托长期野外氮输入模拟试验,利用Biolog-ECO微平板技术,分析不同浓度氮输入:N1(6 g N m^-2 a^-1)、N2(12 g N m^-2 a^-1)和N3(24 g N m^-2 a^-1)对湿地土壤表层(0-15 cm)和亚表层(15-30 cm)微生物碳源代谢活性、功能多样性和碳氮组分的影响。结果表明:N2处理显著提高了亚表层土壤微生物碳源代谢活性和McIntosh指数,N3处理显著降低了表层土壤微生物Shannon指数和Shannon-evenness指数。随氮输入浓度增加湿地表层土壤微生物对糖类的利用率显著降低,N3处理表层土壤微生物对胺类的利用率以及亚表层土壤微生物对醇类的利用率显著提高。N1处理显著提高了湿地表层土壤全氮和微生物量碳含量;N2、N3处理显著提高了土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量;N3处理显著降低了土壤pH值。湿地土壤pH、总碳、溶解性有机碳含量是影响微生物碳源代谢活性和功能多样性的重要因素,土壤溶解性有机碳、铵态氮、全氮含量、含水率是影响微生物碳源利用变化的主要因子。     

植被退化对温带典型草原根系-土壤系统碳氮分配的影响

以3种不同退化程度的温带典型草原(大针茅轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化)为研究对象,研究植被退化对温带典型草原土壤及根系碳氮含量及储量的影响。结果显示:(1)植被退化对地下根系碳含量影响不显著(P0.05),而对地下根系氮含量的影响显著(P0.05),中度退化样地根系氮含量显著高于轻度退化和重度退化样地(P0.05)。(2)植被退化对根系碳氮储量影响显著(P0.05),根系碳氮储量随着土层深度增加而减少,总根系碳氮储量随退化程度加剧而降低。(3)土壤有机碳、总碳和总氮含量及储量均受退化程度和采样深度的影响显著(P0.05),其含量随着土壤深度的增加而显著减少,随退化程度加剧而显著降低(P0.05)。(4)土壤是根系-土壤系统碳氮储存的最主要场所,储量占比90%以上。虽然土壤碳氮储量均存在表层聚集现象,但表层储量所占比例在各样地间差异显著(P0.05)。     

Nitrogen fixation and the mass balances of carbon and nitrogen in ecosystems

Ecosystems with high rates of nitrogen fixation often have high loss rates through leaching or possibly denitrification. However, there is no formal theoretical context to examine why this should be the case nor of how nitrogen accumulates in such open systems. Here, we propose a simple model coupling nitrogen inputs and losses to carbon inputs and losses. The nitrogen balance of this model system depends on plant (nitrogen fixer) growth rate, its carrying capacity, N fixed/C fixed, residence time of nitrogen and carbon in biomass, litter decay rate, litter N/C, and fractional loss rate of mineralized nitrogen. The model predicts the requirements for equilibrium in a nitrogen-fixing system, and the conditions on nitrogen fixation and losses in order for the system to accumulate nitrogen and carbon. In particular, the accumulation of nitrogen and carbon in a nitrogen-fixing system depend on an interaction between residence time in vegetation and litter decay rate in soil. To reflect a possible increased uptake of soil nitrogen and decreased respiratory cost of symbiotic nitrogen fixers, the model was then modified so that fixation rate decreased and growth rate increased as nitrogen capital accumulated. These modifications had only small effects on carbon and nitrogen accumulation. This suggests that switching from uptake of atmospheric nitrogen to mineral soil nitrogen as nitrogen capital accumulates simply results in a trade-off between energetic limitations and soil nitrogen limitations to carbon and nitrogen accumulation. Experimental tests of the model are suggested.     

氮输入对滨海盐沼湿地碳循环关键过程的影响及机制

滨海盐沼湿地是缓解全球变暖的有效蓝色碳汇, 但是近岸海域富营养化导致的大量氮输入对盐沼湿地稳定性和碳汇功能构成严重威胁。潮汐作用下大量氮输入对盐沼湿地植物光合碳输入、植物-土壤碳分配和土壤碳输出等碳循环关键过程产生深刻影响, 进而影响盐沼湿地碳汇功能评估的准确性。该文从植物光合固碳、植物-土壤系统碳分配、土壤有机碳分解、土壤可溶性有机碳释放、盐沼湿地土壤碳库5个方面综述了氮输入对盐沼湿地碳循环关键过程的影响。在此基础上, 针对当前研究的不足, 提出今后的研究中, 需要进一步探究氮输入对盐沼湿地植物光合固碳及碳分配过程的影响、盐沼湿地土壤有机碳分解的微生物机制、盐沼湿地土壤可溶性有机碳产生和横向流动的影响、以及氮类型对盐沼湿地土壤碳库的影响。以期为揭示氮输入对盐沼湿地碳汇形成过程与机制提供基础资料和理论依据, 为评估未来近岸海域水体富营养化影响下滨海盐沼湿地碳库的潜在变化提供新思路。     

施氮对不同有机碳水平桉树林土壤微生物群落碳代谢的影响

土壤微生物群落碳代谢功能既受土壤氮素水平的影响,也与土壤有机碳水平密切相关,但二者如何共同影响土壤微生物群落碳代谢功能的研究尚不多见。以我国南方广泛种植的桉树林为对象,采用野外控制实验比较研究了4种施氮处理(对照:0kg/hm2,低氮:84.2 kg/hm2,中氮:166.8 kg/hm2,高氮:333.7 kg/hm2)对有机碳水平差异显著的两桉树林样地土壤微生物群落碳代谢功能的影响,结果表明:(1)两种有机碳水平桉树林土壤微生物群落碳代谢强度和代谢碳源丰富度显著不同,高有机碳水平桉树林土壤微生物群落碳代谢强度和代谢碳源丰富度显著高于低有机碳水平桉树林(P0.01);(2)施氮显著改变了桉树林土壤微生物群落的碳代谢强度和代谢碳源丰富度(P0.05),随着施氮水平的升高,土壤微生物群落碳代谢强度和代谢碳源丰富度均呈现先增加后降低的变化规律,但是高、低有机碳水平桉树林土壤微生物群落碳代谢强度和代谢碳源丰富度对施氮梯度的响应各不相同,高、低有机碳水平桉树林的土壤微生物群落碳代谢指标分别在中氮、低氮处理中达到最高值;(3)施氮影响土壤微生物群落代谢的碳源类型主要是碳水化合物类、氨基酸类和羧酸类,土壤微生物生物量是影响土壤微生物碳代谢强度和代谢碳源丰富度的重要因素。由此可知,施氮对土壤微生物碳代谢功能影响,也与土壤本底中有机碳水平的调节有关,所以在研究土壤微生物群落对施氮等条件的响应时,不能忽略土壤中有机碳水平。     

Feedback of carbon and nitrogen cycles enhances carbon sequestration in the terrestrial biosphere

The efforts to explain the ‘missing sink’ for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) have included in recent years the role of nitrogen as an important constraint for biospheric carbon fluxes. We used the Nitrogen Carbon Interaction Model (NCIM) to investigate patterns of carbon and nitrogen storage in different compartments of the terrestrial biosphere as a consequence of a rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration, in combination with varying levels of nitrogen availability. This model has separate but closely coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles with a focus on soil processes and soil–plant interactions, including an active compartment of soil microorganisms decomposing litter residues and competing with plants for available nitrogen. Biological nitrogen fixation is represented as a function of vegetation nitrogen demand. The model was validated against several global datasets of soil and vegetation carbon and nitrogen pools. Five model experiments were carried out for the modeling periods 1860–2002 and 2002–2100. In these experiments we varied the nitrogen availability using different combinations of biological nitrogen fixation, denitrification, leaching of soluble nitrogen compounds with constant or rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. Oversupply with nitrogen, in an experiment with nitrogen fixation, but no nitrogen losses, together with constant atmospheric CO₂, led to some carbon sequestration in organismic pools, which was nearly compensated by losses of C from soil organic carbon pools. Rising atmospheric CO₂ always led to carbon sequestration in the biosphere. Considering an open nitrogen cycle including dynamic nitrogen fixation, and nitrogen losses from denitrification and leaching, the carbon sequestration in the biosphere is of a magnitude comparable to current observation based estimates of the ‘missing sink.’ A fertilization feedback between the carbon and nitrogen cycles occurred in this experiment, which was much stronger than the sum of separate influences of high nitrogen supply and rising atmospheric CO₂. The demand‐driven biological nitrogen fixation was mainly responsible for this result. For the modeling period 2002–2100, NCIM predicts continued carbon sequestration in the low range of previously published estimates, combined with a plausible rate of CO₂‐driven biological nitrogen fixation and substantial redistribution of nitrogen from soil to plant pools.     

岷江干旱河谷区岷江柏人工林碳氮储量随林龄的动态

研究了岷江干旱河谷区不同林龄岷江柏人工林生态系统碳氮储量及其分配特征.结果表明：岷江柏不同器官的碳含量相对稳定,氮含量则与器官类型密切相关,而土壤有机碳和氮含量均随着人工林林龄的增长而增加.岷江柏人工林植被层、土壤层以及生态系统的碳氮储量随着林龄的增长总体呈增加趋势.13、11、8、6和4年生岷江柏人工林生态系统总碳储量分别为190.90、165.91、144.57、119.44和113.49 t·hm^-2,总氮储量分别为19.09、17.97、13.82、13.42和12.26 t·hm^-2.岷江柏人工林生态系统碳氮大部分储存于0～60 cm土层,分别占生态系统总储量的92.8%和98.8%,且主要集中于0～20 cm土层,5个林龄平均碳氮储量分别为74.13和7.40 t·hm^-2,分别占其平均土壤总碳氮储量(0～60 cm)的54.4%和48.9%.植被层有机碳和氮储量的分配不同,碳储量在乔木层(3.7%)的分配高于林下植被层(3.5%),而氮储量在乔木层(0.5%)的分配低于林下植被层(0.7%).不同林龄岷江柏人工林碳氮储量及其空间分布变化明显,且在此年龄段内,岷江柏人工林生态系统能够持续积累有机碳和氮.     

刺参对筏式贝藻养殖系统不同碳、氮负荷自污染物的生物清除

针对我国北方浅海筏式贝藻养殖系统自身污染输出导致的环境问题,以滤食性贝类生物沉积物和海藻粉的不同配比来模拟贝藻筏式养殖系统不同碳、氮负荷的颗粒自污染物,研究了刺参摄取这些颗粒物后的碳、氮收支,评估了其对碳和氮生源要素的生物清除潜力。结果表明,刺参对筏式贝藻养殖系统不同配比颗粒自污染物中的碳和氮具有较强的摄食能力,摄食率分别为35.77～181.18mgC·g-1·d-1和6.08～14.28mgN·g-1·d-1;颗粒自污染物中碳和氮的含量越高,其摄食碳、氮的能力越强。刺参摄取的碳以粪便碳形式排出居多(59.3%～97.1%),其次是呼吸消耗的碳(9.9%～37.3%),而用于生长的碳最少(-7.0%～6.1%);刺参摄取的氮主要用于排泄消耗为主(53.1%～63.1%),粪便氮次之(27.7%～39.2%),用于生长的氮最少(-2.3%～16.7%)。通过建立的碳、氮收支方程,估算出刺参对筏式贝藻养殖系统不同碳、氮负荷自污染物的生物清除效率(SE)分别为0.83～4.57mgC·g-1·d-1和0.28～0.76mgN·g-1·d-1;而且其清除效率随着颗粒自污染物中碳、氮含量的升高而增大,呈明显的正相关关系;清除效率和碳(C)、氮(N)含量之间回归关系可用SEC=0.7368+14.9488C和SEN=0.2281+0.2202N来描述。     

干旱沙区植被恢复中土壤碳氮变化规律

测定了干旱沙区不同年限植被恢复区土壤0~5(包括结皮层)、5~10和10~20 cm颗粒组成分布、土壤有机碳(Soil organic carbon, SOC)和全氮含量,并分析了土壤颗粒组成分布中沙粒和粘粉粒含量变化与土壤SOC和氮含量间的关系,探讨植被恢复过程中SOC和氮变化规律。研究表明,干旱沙区植被恢复过程中,SOC和全氮含量存在明显的固存效应,这种效应不仅表现在植被恢复的时间上,也表现在土壤垂直分布上。植被恢复区SOC和氮含量随恢复时间的延长呈增加趋势,在垂直方向上呈降低趋势。土壤极细沙(0.1~0.05 mm)和粘粉粒含量(<0.05 mm)的时间和空间变异与SOC和氮有着相似的趋势。而沙粒含量(0.5~0.1 mm)则随植被恢复时间增加和土层深度的增加呈降低趋势。土壤中极细沙粒(0.1~0.05 mm)和粘粉粒含量(<0.05 mm)分别与SOC和氮含量有显著正相关关系(p<0.01),而沙粒含量(0.5~0.1 mm)与SOC和氮含量呈显著负相关(p<0.01)。从植被恢复或者荒漠化逆转角度阐明了干旱沙区土地利用的变化导致的土壤保护性碳组分的增加是土壤碳储量汇功能增加的体现。在研究区域,有机碳和全氮因土壤粘粉粒和极细沙而积累的定量关系可以用线性方程很好地预测,从而为更好地估算荒漠化逆转过程中不同阶段碳汇量提供了依据。而植被恢复中土壤SOC和氮与土壤颗粒间的结论加深了荒漠化逆转过程中土地利用方式的改变对气候变化响应的陆地生态系统碳循环过程与机理的理解,明确了我国广泛在干旱沙区实施区域治理对全球大气CO₂汇的贡献。植被恢复过程中,表征土壤肥力特征的SOC和氮在时间和空间上的变异对植被演变的影响,以及土壤物理稳定性的增强对土壤抗风蚀能力的贡献。从另一个方面阐述了植被恢复过程中土壤和植被间的这种相互关系及其对生态环境改善的贡献,为探讨干旱沙区荒漠化逆转过程中植物种的选育和合理评价生态环境提供了参考。