从异龄叶性状分析几种常绿阔叶植物变异与关联

该研究从个体与物种两个水平分析福建省鬼洞山中亚热带常绿阔叶次生林中七种阔叶树种异龄叶的平均叶面积(MLA)、比叶面积(SLA)和叶干物质含量(LDMC)三个性状的变异及关联,探讨叶性状物质分配策略对植物生活策略优化的限制性影响。结果表明:(1)对七种阔叶树种的个体和物种水平变异系数而言,均为MLA(82.9%;76.9%)SLA(38.9%;35.5%)LDMC(25.4%;23.8%);在个体和物种水平上当年生叶片MLA变异系数(71.5%;64.0%)小于往年生叶片(72.2%;65.8%),SLA、LDMC值则相反。(2)在个体和物种水平,当年生叶MLA对往年生叶MLA变异的解释率分别为50.1%和61.5%,当年生叶SLA对往年生叶SLA变异的解释率分别为56.6%和77.0%,当年生叶LDMC对往年生叶LDMC变异的解释率分别为51.7%和68.3%。(3)7种亚热带常绿阔叶植物异龄叶MLA、SLA与LDMC变化规律说明,当年生叶与往年生叶投资相同干物质,当年叶可形成更大的叶面积,且叶面积建成的消耗较往年叶小。研究认为,异龄叶性状在异龄叶间存在变异与关联,叶面积形成过程中生物量建成与消耗的协调可能影响植物叶片的发育。     

科尔沁沙地东南部地区主要植物叶片性状及其相互关系

选取科尔沁沙地东南部地区23种主要植物,将其划分成草本、灌木和乔木3种生长型,并分别测定其叶片鲜重(FW)、干重(DW)、叶干物质含量(DMC)、面积(AR)、比叶面积(SLA)和厚度(TH)等6项叶片性状因子。结果表明,草本植物的叶片性状比灌木和乔木变异大;平均SLA和DMC草本<灌木<乔木,DW反之,而TH则没有明显的变化。方差分析发现,除DW和TH外,SLA和DMC在不同生长型中的变化显著,并且SLA与DMC呈显著负相关,说明SLA和DMC是在植物资源利用分类轴上划分植物种类的最佳变量。对于厚度,还需进一步进行研究。     

不同气候带间成熟林植物叶性状间异速生长关系随功能型的变异

为研究不同生物气候带内植物叶片大小与叶柄干重间的异速生长关系, 探讨不同植物功能型对叶内异速生长关系的效应, 在黑龙江呼中、吉林长白山、北京东灵山、浙江古田山、湖北神农架和四川都江堰6个地区, 选择典型地带性成熟林进行主要木本植物的叶片和叶柄性状的测定与统计分析。结果表明: 不同功能型和气候带植物叶片干重、面积、体积均与叶柄干重之间存在着显著的异速生长关系, 共同斜率分别为0.82、0.70和0.80, 均显著小于1.0。在相同叶柄干重下, 灌木较乔木支持更大的叶片体积, 但它们支持的叶片干重与叶片面积无显著差异; 常绿植物在给定叶柄干重下较落叶植物支持更高的叶片干重与体积, 但其支持的叶片面积小于落叶植物; 除神农架地区外, 在给定叶柄干重下, 亚热带的古田山、都江堰地区的植物较温带地区的植物支持更大的叶片干重、面积与体积, 而亚热带神农架地区的植物叶柄支持的叶片大小(面积、体积、干重)与温带地区相近。结果表明, 叶柄限制了叶片的不断增大(包括面积、体积和干重), 叶片和叶柄之间的异速生长关系受功能型、气候带及生境条件的影响。     

滨海沙地主要造林树种叶片功能性状及养分重吸收特征

为探讨不同树种对滨海沙地干旱贫瘠环境的适应策略,以滨海沙地主要造林树种木麻黄、湿地松、厚荚相思和尾巨桉为对象,研究了不同树种叶片功能性状及养分重吸收特征.结果表明:阔叶树种(厚荚相思和尾巨桉)的叶面积、比叶面积显著高于针叶树种(木麻黄和湿地松),而针叶树叶干物质含量、叶厚度最高.成熟叶和凋落叶的N、P含量表现为阔叶树高于针叶树,成熟叶高于凋落叶,但凋落叶N∶P较高.针叶树种的N、P养分重吸收效率大于阔叶树种,P重吸收效率明显高于N,木麻黄、湿地松、厚荚相思和尾巨桉的N、P吸收效率分别为64.2%、63.1%、47.0%、16.8%和92.5%、81.6%、80.3%、18.0%.比叶面积与叶片N、P含量呈显著正相关,与叶干物质含量,叶厚度以及N、P养分重吸收效率呈显著负相关;叶干物质含量与叶厚度及N、P养分重吸收效率呈显著正相关.就叶片功能的权衡关系而言,木麻黄和湿地松属于缓慢投资-收益型物种,具有较高的养分重吸收效率,而厚荚相思和尾巨桉属于快速投资-收益型物种,养分的重吸收效率较低.不同滨海沙地造林树种通过叶片功能性状及养分重吸收之间的相互协调实现对滨海沙地特殊生境的适应性.     

放牧干扰对荒漠草原植物叶性状及其相互关系的影响

以宁夏退化荒漠草原优势植物牛心朴子、乳浆大戟、甘草和牛枝子为对象,分析放牧干扰对植物的比叶面积(specific leaf area, SLA)、叶干物质含量(leaf dry matter content, LDMC)、叶面积和叶干质量等叶性状的影响,探讨荒漠草原生态系统中不同物种对环境改变的响应和适应对策.结果表明: 随着放牧强度的降低,牛心朴子、乳浆大戟、甘草和牛枝子的SLA总体呈显著降低的趋势;SLA在不同放牧强度间差异显著,而LDMC则无显著差异.不同植物的叶性状相关性存在差异,牛心朴子和甘草的SLA和LDMC呈显著负相关,而乳浆大戟和牛枝子的SLA和LDMC呈正相关.牛心朴子、甘草、乳浆大戟和牛枝子的SLA对生存环境改变的反应比LDMC更敏感.植物的SLA可以作为荒漠草原植物资源利用对策的指示指标.     

浙江天童常绿植物当年生与往年生叶片性状的变异与关联

植物叶片性状随叶龄的变化是植物生活史策略的体现, 反映了植物叶片的物质投资和分配方式。该研究通过在个体和物种2个水平, 比较浙江天童1 hm ²样地内常绿阔叶树种的平均叶面积(MLA)、比叶面积(SLA)和叶片干物质含量(LDMC)在当年生和往年生叶片间的差异和关联, 探究叶片物质分配策略在异龄叶间的变化, 并分析叶龄对植物叶片性状, 特别是叶片面积建成消耗的影响。结果显示: 1)在个体和物种水平上, MLA变异系数最大(个体: 79.5%; 物种: 66.5%), SLA次之(个体: 28.1%; 物种: 24.7%), LDMC较低(个体: 17.0%, 物种: 14.1%); 当年生叶片MLA、LDMC和SLA的变异系数均高于往年生叶片; 2)往年生叶MLA显著大于当年生叶(t = -38.53, p < 0.001), 往年生叶SLA显著小于当年生叶(t = 45.30, p < 0.001), 往年生叶LDMC显著大于当年生叶(t = -9.71, p < 0.001); 3)在个体水平, 当年生叶片MLA、SLA和LDMC值分别解释了往年生叶片MLA、SLA和LDMC变异的86%、48%和41%; 在物种水平, 当年生叶片MLA、SLA和LDMC值分别解释了往年生叶片MLA、SLA和LDMC变异的97%、83%和85%; 4) SLA在异龄叶间的变化表明, 与往年生叶片相比, 投资相同干物质, 当年生叶片可形成较大的叶面积, 其叶片面积建成消耗较小。研究认为, 植物叶性状在异龄叶间具有较大的变异性和关联性, 叶面积形成过程中生物量建成与消耗的协调可能影响植物叶片的发育。     

五大连池新期火山熔岩台地3种共有植物的叶功能性状及其相互关系

以五大连池新期火山熔岩台地13个稳定的自然植物群落共有种香杨、万年蒿、岩败酱为研究对象,测定其叶干物质含量(LDMC)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶氮含量(LNC)、叶磷含量(LPC)、叶氮磷比(N/P)等叶功能性状,研究不同生境下3种植物叶功能性状的变异特征,探讨新期火山熔岩台地植物叶功能性状相互之间的内在联系及其对环境的适应性。结果表明:(1)3种植物LDMC变化在0.294~0.359g·g~(-1)之间,SLA变化在9.082~22.347m2·kg~(-1)之间;与其他区域的研究结果相比,新期火山熔岩台地植物的LDMC值相对偏大、SLA值相对偏小,说明五大连池新期火山熔岩台地的植物采用高LDMC低SLA策略适应贫瘠恶劣的环境。(2)3种植物LNC变化在9.690~15.710g·kg~(-1)之间,LPC变化在0.669~1.078g·kg~(-1)之间,叶钾含量(LKC)变化在10.410~29.830g·kg~(-1)之间,叶N/P的变化在9.781~20.990之间;与其他区域的研究结果相比,新期火山熔岩台地植物LNC和LPC值相对偏小,LKC和N/P值相对偏大,说明五大连池新期火山熔岩台地的植物生长主要受磷素的限制,而且LNC偏小和LKC偏高与新期火山熔岩台地土壤中全N、全K的含量变化特征有关。(3)通过ANVOA分析发现,群落间植物叶功能性状的变异幅度较小,3种植物之间N/P、LDMC和SLA的变异幅度也较小,这说明在水分和养分极缺的火山熔岩台地植物对其生境的适应对策相似。(4)Pearson相关分析发现,SLA与LDMC以及N/P与LDMC和SLA均呈显著负相关关系。     

14个荔枝品种的叶片性状分析

以东莞现栽14个荔枝品种为研究对象,对其比叶面积、叶干物质含量和叶片SPAD值等特征进行研究。结果表明,果皮龟裂片尖突、平坦、隆起等3种类型中,尖突类型的3个荔枝品种的比叶面积显著大于平坦类型的2个品种;隆起类型的9个荔枝品种的比叶面积大小不一,其中5个品种的比叶面积大于平坦类型的‘黑叶’品种,另外4个品种的比叶面积小于‘黑叶’。14个荔枝品种中,除了‘黑叶’外,其余13个品种的比叶面积和叶干物质含量均呈负相关关系;‘水晶球’和‘大丁香’的比叶面积和叶片SPAD值间呈正相关关系,其余12个品种的比叶面积和叶片SPAD值间均为负相关关系。     

叶序对复叶植物小叶性状变异及内在联系的影响

为了解复叶内小叶性状随叶序的分布格局,以小兴安岭3种具有对生叶序的复叶植物水曲柳、黄菠萝和胡桃楸为研究对象,通过测定复叶内不同叶序位置小叶的叶厚、叶面积、比叶面积、叶干物质含量、栅栏组织厚度(栅)、海绵组织厚度(海)、栅海比以及碳、氮、磷含量,探讨小叶性状随叶序的变异规律及叶序对小叶性状间内在联系的影响。结果表明：3种树小叶的叶面积、叶干物质含量、海绵组织厚度、栅海比随叶序的变化规律主要分为3种：增加、减小、先增加后减小;叶厚、比叶面积、栅栏组织厚度随叶序无明显变化;碳、氮、磷含量随叶序以无明显变化为主。3种树的复叶内部,叶厚、叶面积、比叶面积、叶干物质含量、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和栅海比的变异系数和可塑性指数变化范围分别为6.1%～28.6%和0.14～0.70。叶序对小叶性状间的双变量相关关系产生显著影响,小叶干物质含量与比叶面积在水曲柳和胡桃楸不同叶序位置呈现负相关,氮含量与磷含量在水曲柳和黄菠萝不同叶序位置呈现正相关。胡桃楸的一、二级小叶(离叶柄基部最远端为一级小叶)表现为保守策略,七、八级小叶表现为获取策略,而水曲柳和黄菠萝不同叶序位置的小叶未表现出明显不同的生态策略。     

38个榛种质资源叶功能性状与光合特征变异及其相关性

研究了38个榛种质资源叶功能性状与光合特征参数的变异特征及其相关关系,为优良种质资源的选择以及进一步理解叶功能性状对光合特征的影响机制提供科学依据。结果表明:38个种质资源的叶面积(LA)、叶形指数(LI)、叶干重(LDW)、比叶面积(SLA)和叶干物质含量(LDMC)平均值分别为78.39 cm²、1.24、0.73 g、109.95 cm²·g^-1和38.31%,LDW变异最大,其次为LA和SLA,LI和LDMC变异最小;净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔限制值(Ls)和水分利用效率(WUE)平均值分别为9.92μmol·m^-2·s^-1、3.88 mmol·m^-2·s^-1、153.04μmol·m^-2·s^-1、238.73μmol·mol^-1、0.41和2.54μmol·mmol-1,gs变异最大(27.89%),Pn、Ci、Ls和WUE次之(10.37%~15.14%),Tr最小(9.99%)。不同种质资源叶功能性状与光合特征参数之间均存在极显著差异。Pearson相关分析表明:Pn与LA、LDW、LDMC均呈显著正相关,与SLA则呈显著负相关;Tr与LA呈显著正相关;gs和Ci与LDMC分别呈显著负相关和正相关;WUE与LDW、LDMC均呈显著正相关,与SLA则呈显著负相关。冗余分析表明:第1、2排序轴共同解释了叶片光合特征总变异的88.6%,其中,对光合特征产生显著影响的叶功能性状因子为SLA和LDMC。平欧210号、F-03、平欧11号、平欧88号、平欧119号、85-162、平欧48号、玉坠、平欧110号表现出较高的水分和光能利用效率。     

Leaf traits and their interrelationship of 23 plant species in southeast of Keerqin Sandy Lands, China

Six leaf traits, i.e., fresh mass (FM), dry mass (DM), leaf dry matter content (DMC), area (AR), specific leaf area (SLA) and thickness (TH) from 23 plant species in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands, China were measured. The results show that leaf traits of herbs were more diversified than those of shrubs and trees and average SLA tended towards a decreasing trend from herbs to shrubs to trees. On the contrary, DMC and DM show an upward trend from herbs to shrubs to trees. No apparent difference was found in TH. Except forDMand TH, there were significant variations in SLA and DMC among three different growth forms. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between SLA and DMC. It is concluded that SLA and DMC could be used to predict species position along a resource use gradient. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2006, 25: 921–925 [译自: 生态学杂志]     

Leaf traits and their interrelationship of 23 plant species in southeast of Keerqin Sandy Lands,China

Six leaf traits,i.e.,fresh mass (FM),dry mass (DM),leaf dry matter content (DMC),area (AR),specific leaf area (SLA) and thickness (TH) from 23 plant species in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands,China were measured.The results show that leaf traits of herbs were more diversified than those of shrubs and trees and aver-age SLA tended towards a decreasing trend from herbs to shrubs to trees.On the contrary,DMC and DM show an upward trend from herbs to shrubs to trees.No apparent difference was found in TH.Except for DM and TH,there were significant variations in SLA and DMC among three different growth forms.Moreover,a significant correla-tion was found between SLA and DMC.It is concluded that SLA and DMC could be used to predict species posi-tion along a resource use gradient.     

不同沙丘生境主要植物比叶面积和叶干物质含量的比较

研究了生长在不同沙丘生境中 (流动沙丘 ,半固定沙丘和固定沙丘 ) 2 0个植物种 (10个 1年生植物种和 10个多年生植物种 )的比叶面积 (SL A)和叶干物质含量 (L DMC)的变化 ,并且分析了各个沙丘生境的土壤养分特征。结果表明 ,各个植物种的平均 SL A和 L DMC在植物种之间差异显著 ;多数在两种或 3种沙丘生境均有分布的植物其 SL A在不同沙丘生境之间差异显著 ,但是仅有 6个植物种的 L DMC在不同沙丘生境之间表现出差异 (p<0 .0 5 )。与许多研究结果类似 ,1年生植物的 SL A显著大于多年生植物的 SL A,而且两者之间 L DMC存在一定的差异。 1年生植物 SL A和 L DMC之间相关性不显著 ,但多年生植物SL A和 L DMC之间呈显著负相关。综合所有 2 0个植物种可以发现 ,SL A增大时 ,L DMC有下降的趋势     

黄土高原不同退耕年限坡地植物比叶面积与养分含量的关系

对黄土高原不同退耕年限坡地植物比叶面积(SLA)和养分含量进行研究,探明其随生境条件而发生的变异及其与土壤理化特性之间的关系.结果表明,立地和物种水平植物SLA存在显著差异,SLA变化范围各不相同,植物叶片C、N和P含量以及C/N 、N/P和C/P在不同退耕年限坡地间不具有一致性的变化,这表明不同物种叶性因子随生境发生的变化较为复杂.草地植物叶片SLA和叶片C含量为负相关,与N、P含量呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01).土壤理化特性对叶片SLA和养分含量的关系因物种而异,综合所有植物进行分析,土壤理化特性与植物SLA的相关性不明显,但与叶片养分含量关系密切.所以,生境条件的差异可能是植物叶片结构特性和养分组成发生变化的重要原因,但调控植物叶性特征的因素较为复杂,不同的植物具有各自相应的对生境条件的适应机制.     

Specific leaf area and dry matter content estimate thickness in laminar leaves

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Leaf thickness plays an important role in leaf and plant functioning, and relates to a species' strategy of resource acquisition and use. As such, it has been widely used for screening purposes in crop science and community ecology. However, since its measurement is not straightforward, a number of estimates have been proposed. Here, the validity of the (SLA x LDMC)(-1) product is tested to estimate leaf thickness, where SLA is the specific leaf area (leaf area/dry mass) and LDMC is the leaf dry matter content (leaf dry mass/fresh mass). SLA and LDMC are two leaf traits that are both more easily measurable and often reported in the literature. METHODS: The relationship between leaf thickness (LT) and (SLA x LDMC)(-1) was tested in two analyses of covariance using 11 datasets (three original and eight published) for a total number of 1039 data points, corresponding to a wide range of growth forms growing in contrasted environments in four continents. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The overall slope and intercept of the relationship were not significantly different from one and zero, respectively, and the residual standard error was 0.11. Only two of the eight datasets displayed a significant difference in the intercepts, and the only significant difference among the most represented growth forms was for trees. LT can therefore be estimated by (SLA x LDMC)(-1), allowing leaf thickness to be derived from easily and widely measured leaf traits.     

Scale‐dependent trait correlations in a temperate tree community

Recent investigations of relationships among plant traits have generated important insights into plant form and function. However, relationships involving leaf area, leaf shape and plant height remain poorly resolved. Previous work has also focused on correlations between average trait values for individual species. It is unclear whether similar relationships occur within species. We searched for novel plant trait correlations by comparing leaf area, leaf circularity, specific leaf area (SLA) and plant height among 16 common woody plant species from a temperate forest in New Zealand. Analyses were conducted both within species (intra‐specifically) and among species (inter‐specifically) to determine whether trait correlations were scale dependent. Leaf area was unrelated to other leaf traits inter‐specifically. However, leaf area declined with plant height and increased with SLA intra‐specifically. Leaf circularity decreased with plant height inter‐specifically, but increased with plant height intra‐specifically. SLA increased with plant height both inter‐ and intra‐specifically. Leaf circularity increased with SLA inter‐specifically, but decreased with SLA intra‐specifically. Overall results showed that leaf shape, SLA and plant height are interrelated. However, intra‐specific relationships often differed substantially from inter‐specific relationships, suggesting that the processes shaping relationships between this suite of plant traits are scale‐dependent.     

Leaf traits indicate survival strategies among 42 dominant plant species in a dry, sandy habitat, China

The objective of this paper was to assess the congruency of leaf traits and soil characteristics and to analyze the survival strategies of different plant functional types in response to drought and nutrient-poor environ-ments in the southeastern Ke'erqin Sandy Lands in China. Six leaf traits-leaf thickness (TH), density (DN), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry weight to fresh weight ratio (DW/ FW), leaf N concentration (Nmass), and N resorption efficiency (NREmass)-of 42 plant species were investi-gated at four sites. The correlations between leaf traits and soil characteristics-organic C (OC), total N (TN), total P (TP), and soil moisture (SM)-were examined. We found that the six leaf traits across all the 42 species showed large variations and that DW/FW was negatively correlated with OC, TN, TP, and SM (P<0.05), while other leaf traits showed no significant correlations with soil characteristics. To find the dissimilarity to accommodate environment, a hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis was made of all the species. All the species clustered into three groups except the Scutellaria baicalensis. Species of group Ⅲ might be most tolerant of an arid environment, and species of group Ⅱ might avoid nutrient stress in the nutrient-poor environment, while group Ⅰ was somewhat intermediate. Therefore, species from the different groups may be selected for use in vegetation restoration of different sites based on soil moisture and nutrient conditions.