Growth, nitrogen fixation and ammonium assimilation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): effect of phosphorus

The impact of phosphorous nutrition on plant growth, symbiotic N₂ fixation, ammonium assimilation, carbohydrate and amino-acid accumulation, as well as on nitrogen, phosphorus and ATP content in tissues in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) plants was investigated. Plants inoculated with Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 were grown in Leonard jars under controlled conditions, with P-deficient (0 and 0.1 m M ), P-medium (0.5, 1 and 1.5 m M ) and P-high (2 m M ) conditions in a N-free nutrient solution. The P application, increased leaf area, whole plant DW (67%), nodule biomass (4-fold), and shoot and root P content (4- and 6-fold, respectively) in plant harvested at the onset of flowering (28-days-old). However, P treatments decreased the total soluble sugar and amino acid content in vegetative organs (leaf, root and nodules). The root growth proved less sensitive to P deficiency than did shoot growth, and the leaf area was significantly reduced at low P-application. The absence of a relationship between shoot N content, and P levels in the growth medium could indicate that nitrogen fixation requires more P than does plant growth. The optimal amount for the P. vulgaris – R. tropici CIAT899 symbiosis was 1.5 m M P, this treatment augmented nodule-ARA 20-fold, and ARA per plant 70-fold compared with plants without P application.     

Effects of cotyledons and nitrate on the nitrogen assimilation ofPhaseolus vulgaris

Summary In an experiment performed under greenhouse conditions usingPhaseolus vulgaris cv. Carioca inoculated withRhizobium strain CO5, effects of cotyledons and mineral nitrogen on the initial process of nitrogen assimilation were evaluated. Plants were maintained intact or had either both or half of both cotyledons removed six days after planting. Levels of mineral nitrogen corresponded to the addition of 0 or 1.5 mg N/plant/day three days before each of the four harvests (8, 10, 12 and 14 days after planting). Cotyledon removal generally decreased nodule number and dry weight and total nitrogenase activity, although there was no effect on specific nodule efficiency, but the nitrate reductase activity was increased in both shoots and roots. Mineral nitrogen decreased nodulation and nitrogenase activity when applied 9 and 11 days after planting, but increased shoot and root nitrate reductase activity and total nitrogen incorporation, indicating that plants could be nitrogen limited during the initial period of growth.

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Resumen En un experimento realizado en invernadero conPhaseolus vulgaris, cv. Carioca, inoculado conRhizobium (cepa CO5) fue evaluado los efectos de los cotiledones y del nitrógeno mineral en el proceso inicial de la assimilación de N. Las plantas fueron mantenidas intactas o con la mitad o todos los cotiledones retirados a los 6 dias despues de la siembra (DDS). El N mineral fue aplicado en la dosis de 0 ó 1.5 mg N/planta/dia, 3 dias antes de cada una de los 4 casechas realizadas (8, 10, 12 y 14 DDS). La retirada de los cotiledones generalmente disminuyó el número y el peso seco de los nódulos y la actividad de la nitrogenase, mas não hubo influencia en la eficiencia específica de los nódulos. La actividad de la nitrato reductasa aumentó tanto en la parte aérea como en las raíces. El nitrógeno mineral disminuyó la nodulación y la actividad de la nitrogenasa cuando la aplicación ocurrió a los 9 y 11 DDS, mas aumentó la actividad de la nitrato reductasa de las raíces y de la parte aérea, asi como el contenido de N en la planta, indicando que estas podrian estar limitadas por nitrógeno en la fase inicial de crescimento.

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Résumé Dans une expérimentation réalisée dans les conditions de serre au moyen dePhaseolus vulgaris cv Carioca inoculée avec la souche CO5 deRhizobium, on a évalué les effets de cotylédons et de l'azote minéral sur le processus initial de l'assimilation azotée. Les plants ont été soit maintenus intacts soit amputés des deux ou de la moitié des deux cotylédons, 6 jours après la plantation. Les teneurs en azote minéral correspondaient à l'ajout de 0 ou 1.5 mg d'azote par plant et par jour, trois jours avant chacune des 4 récoltes (8, 10, 12 et 14 jours après la plantation). L'amputation de cotyledon diminue d'une manière générale le nombre de nodules, le poids sec et l'activité totale de nitrogénase, bien qu'il n'y ait aucun effet sur l'efficience spécifique de nodule mais l'activité de nitrate réductase était augmentée tant dans les pousses que dans les racines. L'azote minéral a déterminé la nodulation et l'activité de nitrogénase lorsque l'application avait lieu les 9ème et 11ème jours après la plantation, mais elle a augmenté l'activité de nitrate réductase chez les pousses et les racines ainsi que l'incorporation totale d'azote, indiquant par là que la plante pouvait être limitée en azote durant la période initiale de croissance.

     

氮磷钾肥配施对腰果红带蓟马发生为害的影响

研究氮磷钾配施对腰果红带蓟马Selenothrips rubrocinctus(Giard)发生为害的影响。结果表明,N3P3K2和N3P2K1处理的抗虫能力最高,其蓟害指数显著低于其他处理,分别为3.10%和8.30%,N3P1K3和N2P3K1处理也有较强的抗虫能力,蓟害指数分别为20.40%和20.30%,而N1P2K2处理的抗虫能力最低,其蓟害指数为54.00%,显著高于N3P3K2,N3P2K1,N3P1K3,N2P3K1和N2P1K2处理。植株冠幅方位对红带蓟马发生为害的影响差异不明显,说明光强度对腰果红带蓟马的发生为害影响不显著。研究表明,腰果叶片含氮量在1.43%~1.72%范围内,叶片氮素含量与腰果蓟害指数呈极显著的负相关。     

氮磷钾肥对有柄石韦生理及绿原酸合成积累的影响

为探讨氮磷钾3种养分对有柄石韦生理及有效成分绿原酸合成积累的影响,该研究以有柄石韦组培苗为材料,分别用低养分(不施肥:N₀,P₀,K₀)、正常施肥(N:0.20 g·kg^-1,P:0.15 g·kg^-1,K:0.15 g·kg^-1)和高养分(N₁:0.40 g·kg^-1,P₁:0.30 g·kg^-1,K₁:0.30 g·kg^-1)3个浓度梯度,设置7个处理分别为NPK、N₀PK、N₁PK、NP₀K、NP₁K、NPK₀、NPK₁,测定不同处理下有柄石韦的抗性生理指标、绿原酸(CGA)含量及其合成关键酶活性。结果表明:(1)氮磷钾肥对有柄石韦的抗性生理有显著的影响,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)在高氮和低钾处理中活性显著增加,而3种养分的低浓度和高浓度处理均会导致过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著上升。(2)不同养分水平氮、磷和钾对有柄石韦CGA含量存在显著影响,正常施肥的CGA含量最高,达到12.92 mg·g^-1; 高钾施肥的CGA含量最低,为7.79 mg·g^-1; 钾肥对CGA含量影响最显著。(3)CGA合成关键酶活性在不同施肥处理中差异显著,CGA含量与奎宁酸羟基肉桂酰转移酶(HQT)和4-香豆酰辅酶A连接酶(4CL)活性呈显著正相关,与莽草酸羟基肉酰转移酶(HCT)活性显著负相关,HQT、4CL和HCT是导致CGA含量差异的关键因素。该研究结果为有柄石韦药材的人工栽培提供了理论依据。     

N、P施肥对塔里木河上游绿洲棉花C、N、P生态化学计量特征的影响

施肥通过外源物质的添加直接干预了农田生态系统中作物元素的运移循环过程。通过野外N、P施肥试验,测定棉花各生育期碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素含量及其生物量,分析棉株C、N、P元素的分配规律,探讨棉株对生长速率调控的内在机制,获得棉株体内N、P元素的内稳性指数,并判断其限制性元素类型。结果表明:棉花C、N、P元素平均含量分别为388.7、20.97、3.43 g/kg;棉花比生长速率与N∶P、C∶P间均存在负相关关系,棉花生长符合生长速率假说;N、P元素内稳性指数H分别在1.02—5.28、1.01—4.55范围内。叶片N∶P可表征植物限制性元素类型,棉花最大生长速率所对应的叶片N∶P为13,是判断限制元素的标准;综合棉花生长速率和内稳性指数研究可知研究区棉花生长受到N、P元素的共同限制,同时,在生长前期更易受P元素的限制,生长后期更易受N元素的限制。     

氮、磷、钾对美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择性的影响

研究了不同浓度的氮、磷、钾营养液处理豇豆叶对美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae寄主选择性的影响,并探讨了其可能的机理和应用。     

Effects of autoclave-induced carbohydrate hydrolysis on the growth ofBeta vulgaris cells in suspension

Media of de Greef & Jacobs (1979) were autoclaved either with all the nutrient components in a single vessel (medium 1) or with the following components in separate vessels: FeNa–EDTA+CaCl₂ (medium 2), FeNa–EDTA+NaH₂PO₄ (medium 3) or sucrose (medium 4). Medium 5 was prepared by autoclaving FeNa–EDTA+NaH₂PO₄ and sucrose in two separate vessels. It was found that the dry mass yield of cell suspensions ofBeta vulgaris was lowest in medium 1, followed by media 2 and 3. There was no significant difference among media 3, 4, and 5.The plot of dry mass yield of the cell suspensions against the rates of cyanide-initiated oxygen consumption which indicate the extent of carbohydrate hydrolysis of the media during autoclaving, indicated the presence of a threshold rate of about 17–20 nmol ml^–1 min^–1. Dry mass yield of the suspensions decreased rapidly when the rate exceeded this value.For media with glucose as the source of carbohydrate, the rate of cyanide-initiated oxygen consumption exceeded the threshold value by a factor of 1.5 to 2, depending on the volume of the media autoclaved.Abbreviations FeNa-EDTA ferric monosodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid     

氮、磷、钾肥配施对'红叶'南天竹叶片色素和 可溶性糖含量的影响及相关性分析

以2年生'红叶'南天竹(Nandina domestica'Hongye')盆栽苗为实验材料,根据L16(45)正交实验设计进行3因素(包括氮、磷和钾肥)4水平(N单株施用量分别为0.0、18.4、36.8和55.2 mg,P2O5单株施用量分别为0.0、14.4、28.8和43.2 mg,K2 O单株施用量分别为0.0、0.8、1.6和2.4 mg)施肥实验,对2015年11月5日至2016年1月20日期间各组叶片的光合色素(包括叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素)、花色素苷和可溶性糖含量进行了比较;在此基础上,对叶片色素和可溶性糖含量及各肥料单株施用量进行了Pearson相关性分析.结果表明:总体来看,各组的光合色素和可溶性糖含量显著高于对照(N、P2O5和K2O单株施用量均为0.0 mg)组,而花色素苷含量则显著低于对照组.其中,T14(N、P2O5和K2O单株施用量分别为55.2、14.4和1.6 mg)、T15(N、P2O5和K2O单株施用量分别为55.2、28.8和0.8 mg)和T16(N、P2O5和K2O单株施用量分别为55.2、43.2和0.0 mg)组的光合色素含量均较高,T2(N、P2O5和K2O单株施用量分别为0.0、14.4和0.8 mg)、T3(N、P2O5和K2O单株施用量分别为0.0、28.8和1.6 mg)和T4(N、P2O5和K2O单株施用量分别为0.0、43.2和2.4 mg)组的花色素苷含量均较高,T3和T4组的可溶性糖含量均较低.极差分析结果表明:N单株施用量对光合色素含量的影响最大,K2 O单株施用量的影响最小;N单株施用量对花色素苷和可溶性糖含量的影响最大,P2 O5单株施用量的影响最小.相关性分析结果表明:N单株施用量与各光合色素含量呈极显著正相关,与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,与花色素苷含量呈极显著负相关;而P2O5和K2O单株施用量与上述指标的相关性均不显著.各光合色素含量间存在极显著正相关,并与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,与花色素苷含量呈极显著负相关.此外,花色素苷含量与可溶性糖含量呈显著负相关.研究结果显示:高氮能够延长'红叶'南天竹的绿叶期,低氮能够促进其叶片呈现红色,因此,在园林栽培过程中应根据实际需要施肥.     

Mutual shading as a factor limiting the yield response of rice to application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers

Summary The differences in fertilizer responses between rice plants grown under pot and field conditions were discussed.Under pot conditions, the rice plant responded more strongly to nitrogen applications at high phosphorus and high potassium levels than at low levels of these elements. This suggests that the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is an important factor in fertilizer application.Under field population conditions, however, mutual shading among plants limits grain yield. A big leaf area above a certain limit is associated with decreased grain yield. The response to nitrogen may be negative, and may not be changed even with the application of potassium and phosphorus.     

Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on ammonia-assimilating enzymes of Azolla

Summary A field experiment was conducted and studied the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on ammonia assimilating enzymes of Azolla. Nitrogen and phosphorus at 30 and 60 kg/ha respectively were tested andAzolla pinnata was inoculated at 200 g/m². The Azolla samples were drawn on 24th hr, 7th day and 14th day and the ammonia assimilating enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamine dehydrogenase (GDH) were estimated. Nitrogen and phosphorus have markedly suppressed the GDH activity but fertilizer nitrogen has no significant influence in inhibiting the enzyme activity of GOGAT and GS. In general phosphorus application also has stimulated the GS activity significantly during the first sampling period of 24th hour.     

秸秆焚烧对土壤有机质和氮磷钾含量的影响

秸秆露天焚烧作为对废弃秸秆常见的处理方式在中国普遍存在。目前的研究多集中在焚烧对区域大气环境的影响,对土壤环境的化学效应研究较少。因此,为揭示大田秸秆焚烧对土壤生物化学性质的影响,设置不焚烧(CK)、减量焚烧(A1)、全量焚烧(A2)、增量焚烧(A3)4个处理,通过连续4个月的田间小区定位试验,探究不同小麦秸秆焚烧量对耕层0—5 cm土壤有机质含量、微生物数量、土壤养分含量的即时效应和各指标在玉米各生育期内的变化情况。结果表明:小麦秸秆焚烧1 d后土壤有机质含量和微生物数量相对于CK显著降低(P0.05)。其中,有机质含量在焚烧后减少11.0%—22.1%,真菌数量降低30.8%—56.1%,细菌数量降低50.6%—72.6%,放线菌数量降低46.9%—68.3%。土壤全效和速效养分含量显著增加(P0.05):全磷含量增加6.5%—12.9%,全钾含量增加4.6%—18.1%,全氮含量增加2.6%—13.2%。速效磷含量增加9.8%—39.1%,速效钾含量增加13.2%—39.1%,铵态氮含量增加8.6%—38.7%,硝态氮含量增加1.4%—9.2%。各指标的变化幅度随焚烧量的增多而加大(A3A2A1)。玉米生育期内,焚烧处理的土壤有机质含量平均恢复5.6%(A1A2A3)。与有机质相比,焚烧处理土壤微生物数量恢复程度较高,其中细菌的恢复速率最快。在玉米苗期各焚烧处理的真菌、细菌和放线菌平均数量相对于CK依次降低12.7%、17.4%、11.9%,在大喇叭口期和成熟期,微生物数量与CK间差异不显著。速效养分含量在玉米生育期显著高于CK。在玉米苗期、大喇叭口期和成熟期,相对于CK速效磷含量平均增加24.9%、27.0%、29.2%,速效钾平均增加24.0%、14.1%、15.2%,铵态氮平均增加25.5%、23.1%、20.2%,硝态氮平均增加20.8%、19.2%、19.8%。     

长期秸秆还田对水稻土团聚体及氮磷钾分配的影响

为了探究秸秆还田配施化肥条件下水稻土团聚体组成及其稳定性,以及土壤团聚体氮、磷、钾养分特征,本研究进行了34年定位试验,设置无肥(CK)、化肥(NPK)、秸秆还田+化肥(NPKS)3个处理.采用湿筛法测定0～20、20～40 cm土层水稳性团聚体组成,量化分析氮、磷、钾养分分配特征、贡献率和活化度.结果 表明:水稻土水...     

Growth, nitrogen fixation and ammonium assimilation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) subjected to iron deficiency

A greenhouse experiment was carried out aiming to study the effect of iron deficiency on nitrogen fixation and ammonium assimilation in common bean nodules. Host-plant and nodule growth, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were analyzed in two common bean varieties subjected to iron deficiency. Results showed that host-plant and nodules growth, nitrogen fixation and GS activity decreased when under Fe-deficiency against an important increase of ammonium accumulation and GDH activity. Tolerant variety Flamingo is clearly less affected by iron deficiency than the sensitive one, Coco blanc. The allocation of iron to nodules and Fe use-efficiency for nodule growth and symbiotic nitrogen fixation were on the basis of the symbiotic performance of Flamingo under iron deprivation. Under Fe-deficiency, GDH take over GS the ammonium assimilation activity, particularly in the tolerant variety.     

Effects of combined nitrogen on anapleurotic carbon assimilation and bleeding sap composition in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Dwarf french beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., were grown with or without inoculation with rhizobia (strain 3644), and with or without a combined nitrogen source (nitrate or ammonium ions). The distribution of radioactivity into products of dark ¹⁴CO₂ assimilation was studied in roots or nodules from these plants. A detailed study was also made of the distribution and rates of excretion of nitrogen in xylem bleeding sap in 28 day old plants grown on the various sources of nitrogen. Whereas detached nodules accumulated radioactive glycine, serine and glutamate when incubated with ¹⁴CO₂, bleeding sap from plants root fed ¹⁴CO₂ contained low levels of radioactivity in these compounds but higher levels in allantoin. Chemical analysis showed allantoin to be the major compound transported in the xylem of nodulated plants, whether or not they were fed on combined nitrogen. In contrast uninoculated plants accumulated mainly amino acids in the bleeding sap, the amount and chemical composition of which depended on the combined nitrogen source.Abbreviations PEP phosphoenol pyruvate - OAA oxaloacetate     

钾对外生菌根真菌的分泌作用及氮、磷、钾含量的影响

用无钾、低钾、中钾和高钾的液体培养基培养外生菌根真菌14～21d,随着钾离子浓度的降低,外生菌根真菌分泌H^ 和草酸的速率提高。由于H^ 能取代2：1型粘粒矿物品层和晶格内的钾,草酸能络合矿物中的Fe,Al离子,促进Al-O八面体风化,推测菌根真菌和菌根活化土壤无效钾的能力在低钾时较强,在高钾时较弱。在外生菌根真菌分泌的H^ 中,草酸电离可能不是它们的主要来源,而是一些目前尚未知道的有机酸。此外,液体培养基中的钾离子不同程度地影响外生菌根真菌体内的氮、磷、钾含量,看来环境中的钾离子供应影响了真菌菌丝对养分的吸收。     

氮、磷、钾施用对灯盏花产量和主要提取物收获量的影响

通过设置N、P、K不同施肥量处理,研究了施肥量差异对灯盏花（Erigeron breviscapus（Vant.）Hand.-Mazz.）的生长指标、产量、3种主要提取物（野黄芩苷、总咖啡酸酯和总黄酮）含量及单位面积收获量的影响。结果表明,增施N、P肥对植株生长指标具有促进作用。随着N、P、K肥施用量的增加,植株产量逐渐升高,且以施N肥的增产幅度最大。一定范围内施用N肥可导致灯盏花3种主要提取物含量降低,而P、K肥的施用则对此没有影响。3种主要提取物单位面积收获量与产量之间呈极显著正相关,N、P、K肥的施用可以提高灯盏花的产量从而增加3种提取物的收获量。N、P、K肥施用量分别为103.5、126.0、112.5 kg/hm²时获得的提取物单位面积收获量最大。     

Effect of phosphorus,potassium and zinc fertilizers on iron toxicity in wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

During the period January–August 1996, an investigation was carried out in La Mata, Cotuí, Dominican Republic with the objective to study the effect of P, K and Zn fertilizers on Fe toxicity in the rice varieties JUMA-57 (sensitive to Fe toxicity), ISA-40 and PSQ-4 (both tolerant to Fe toxicity). The rate of fertilizer application was 22 and 62 kg P ha^–1; 58 and 116 kg K ha^–1; 3 and 7 kg Zn ha^–1 and a constant dose of 140 kg N ha^–1 and 40 kg S ha^–1 on all fertilized plots. The control received no fertilizer. JUMA-57 was the only variety that showed symptoms of Fe toxicity. The observed symptoms showed a yellow to orange colour. Symptoms of Fe toxicity appeared first one week after transplanting (WAT), decreased at the fourth WAT, but returned six WAT and continued until the end of the experiment. Fertilizer application reduced symptom intensity and increased grain yield in all varieties, but only JUMA-57 did not reach the maximum yield typical for that variety. Fertilizer application did not completely overcome the toxicity effect, i.e. in symptom intensity and grain yield. The positive effect of fertilizer application could not be attributed to a specific nutrient. Intensity of symptoms was not related to Fe concentration in the leaves. The average Fe concentration of 108 mg kg^–1 was not high enough to be considered toxic. Symptoms could not be explained through Mn toxicity (average Mn concentration in the leaves was 733 mg kg^–1) nor Zn deficiency (average Zn concentration in the leaves was 20 mg kg^–1). There was a clear relationship, though, between soil DTPA extractable Fe and symptom intensity or grain yield. The toxic effect was observed when the DTPA extractable Fe in the flooded soil was above 200 mg kg^–1. From these results, we concluded that the Fe toxicity resulted from high Fe in the root zone and not from high Fe concentrations in the leaves.     

增施控释复合肥对烤烟叶片生理特性和氮、磷、钾含量的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了施用控释复合肥对烤烟叶片生理特性和氮、磷、钾含量的影响。结果表明:增加控释复合肥的用量能显著提高烤烟叶片生育期的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素(团棵-打顶期)、抗坏血酸(ASA)含量(旺长-成熟期)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(团棵-打顶期)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性(旺长-成熟期),同时,烤烟叶片氮、磷、钾含量也呈现上升趋势;相反,增施控释复合肥显著降低了烤烟叶片类胡萝卜素(成熟期)、丙二醛(MDA)、抗坏血酸(团棵期)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量(团棵-旺长期)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2·-)产生速率;增施控释复合肥不仅能提高烤烟的抗氧化能力,还能促进对氮、磷、钾营养元素的积累。     

Effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium deficiency on the uptake and mobilization of ions in Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum)

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiency reduced the uptake of³²P-phosphate,³⁵S-sulphate,²⁴Na-,⁴²K-,⁴⁵Ca-,⁵⁴Mn-,⁵⁹Fe- and⁶⁵Zn- byCicer arietinum (Bengal gram) cv B-75. Root length, leaf area and dry weight of the tissues were also reduced. Since in several cases, the total contents of the radio nucleides both on per plant and per unit dry weight basis were curtailed, the decrease in uptake of several ions cannot be entirely due to reduced growth rate. The reduction in³²P-phosphate uptake was more severe with nitrogen deficient plants than that in phosphate deficient ones; potassium deficient plants, however, took up⁴²K- as avidly as the control plants. Simultaneously the uptake of³⁵SO^{4 2}- and other cations was affected particularly by nitrogen deficiency. The distribution of radionucleides between the root and shoot portions was also disturbed in several cases by deficiency conditions. The radionucleides taken up accumulated in the young regions as in the case of pea and other dicotyledonous plants. Mobilization of³²P and³⁵S in the reproductive plants was most markedly affected by nitrogen and potassium-deficiency.     

氮、磷、钾配施对黄花菜产量及2种蒽醌类活性成分含量的影响

为探究黄花菜栽培种植时氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)肥的最佳施肥量,给黄花菜科学合理施肥提供依据。本试验以海螺沟本地黄花菜品种为研究对象,运用"3414"肥效试验方案,分别以N13.5kg/667m^2,P2O540kg/667m^2,K2O15kg/667m2为常规施肥水平,通过大田试验,研究氮磷钾配施对黄花菜主要农艺性状、产量和2种蒽醌类活性成分含量的影响。结果表明,合理的氮磷钾配施不仅能促进单株黄花菜生长发育的协调,而且能够显著提高其鲜花中的大黄酸和大黄酚含量;施用氮磷钾肥对黄花菜产量的增产效果明显,处理6(N2P2K2)的产量最高,为1727.73kg/667m^2,比不施肥处理增产457.90kg/667m^2,增产率达36.06%;施用氮、磷、钾肥对黄花菜产量影响的大小顺序为氮>磷>钾,氮肥增产效果最显著,磷肥次之,钾肥最差。一元二次肥效方程推荐的氮、磷、钾施肥量与本实验设计的最适施肥量相似,可以用于黄花菜实际生产施肥指导。综合考虑,在海螺沟地区推荐的氮、磷、钾肥最佳施用量分别为13.69kg/667m^2、31.53kg/667m^2和26.40kg/667m^2,获得的产量为1678.98~1763.31kg/667m^2。