重组HIV-1 gp120 AAV2/1在小鼠和恒河猴体内的免疫原性

本文旨在研究表达HIV-1中国流行株gp120基因的重组腺相关病毒疫苗在小鼠和恒河猴体内的免疫原性。用rAAV2/1-gp120免疫BALB/c小鼠和恒河猴,分别用ELISA和HIV-1假病毒中和试验检测免疫动物血清中HIV-1特异性IgG抗体水平和中和抗体水平,用ELISPOT方法和体内杀伤实验检测HIV-1特异性细胞免疫应答水平。结果显示在小鼠体内用rAAV2/1-gp120仅免疫一次就能诱导较高水平的IgG抗体,IgG抗体至少能持续21周,但没有检测到中和抗体。rAAV2/1-gp120在小鼠体内诱导微弱水平的HIV-1特异性细胞免疫应答。rAAV2/1-gp120在恒河猴体内诱导的HIV-1特异性细胞和抗体反应均很弱,且检测不到中和抗体。提示rAAV2/1载体在诱导抗体反应方面具有特殊优势,但若希望诱导HIV-1特异性中和抗体,则需要改造env基因以提高其免疫原性。     

重组痘苗病毒表达人免疫缺陷病毒中国株B'亚型Gag蛋白及免疫效果观察

为筛选用于我国HIV疫苗的候选基因,利用痘苗病毒载体构建表达HIV-1 B′亚型中国流行株RL42的Gag蛋白的重组病毒rVV-RL42gag,并免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测其诱导的特异性抗体及中和抗体,同时检测其诱导的特异性CTL及与中国流行株C(B′/C重组)亚型和国际流行株A亚型之间的CTL交叉反应.结果显示:重组病毒能很好地表达Gag蛋白,它具有与7株单克隆抗体结合的抗体表位;电镜下可观察到Gag蛋白形成的颗粒.rVV-RL42gag免疫小鼠后能诱导产生高滴度的特异性抗体和CTL,抗体具一定的中和活性,且检测到与C(B′/C重组)亚型和国际流行株A亚型之间的CTL交叉反应.这些结果表明,rVV-RL42gag具有良好的免疫原性,可进一步构建表达HIV B′亚型中国流行株RL42的Gag蛋白的重组痘苗病毒作为候选疫苗.     

HIV-1 C/B'亚型多价重组MVA病毒疫苗

目的：检测人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1） C/B'亚型与痘苗病毒安卡拉株（MVA）的多价重组疫苗的免疫原性,此疫苗中包含HIV-1 C/B'CRF 株的五个基因,分别是env、gag、pol、nef、tat。方法：设105 pfu/mL 、106 pfu/mL、107 pfu/mL ADMVA三个剂量组,用ELISPOT方法检测细胞免疫反应。同时,以Gag蛋白作为包被抗原,使用间接ELISA的方法检测体液免疫反应。结果：免疫后的小鼠对插入基因env、gag、pol和nef所表达蛋白均产生了特异性细胞免疫应答,且免疫效果与免疫剂量呈正相关。ELISA结果表明, MVA重组疫苗免疫诱导产生了特异性体液免疫,抗HIV-1Gag的抗体滴度与免疫次数和免疫剂量都存在正相关性。结论：多价MVA重组疫苗能有效地诱导小鼠产生特异地细胞免疫和体液免疫反应。     

HIV-1 C／B’亚型多价重组MVA病毒疫苗免疫原性的研究

目的:检测人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1) C/B'亚型与痘苗病毒安卡拉株(MVA)的多价重组疫苗的免疫原性,此疫苗中包含HIV-1 C/B'CRF 株的5个基因,分别是env,gag,pol,nef,tat.方法:设105pfu/ml,106 pfu/ml,107 pfu/ml ADMVA 3个剂量组,用ELISPOT方法检测细胞免疫反应.同时,以Gag蛋白作为包被抗原,使用间接ELISA的方法检测体液免疫反应.结果:免疫后的小鼠对插入基因env,gag,pol和nef所表达蛋白均产生了特异性细胞免疫应答,且免疫效果与免疫剂量呈正相关.ELISA结果表明, MVA重组疫苗免疫诱导产生了特异性体液免疫,抗HIV-1Gag的抗体滴度与免疫次数和免疫剂量都存在正相关性.结论:多价MVA重组疫苗能有效地诱导小鼠产生特异的细胞免疫和体液免疫反应.     

HIV-1结构蛋白gag-gp120与白细胞介素2联合基因免疫

在真核表达载体pVAX1中的CMV启动子下游插入IL-2基因,构建真核表达质粒pVAXIL2.将它与表达I型人免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus 1, HIV-1) gag-gp120的核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE共同肌肉注射BALB/c小鼠,免疫3次后,以ELISA法检测免疫小鼠血清中抗HIV-1抗体水平,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠在免疫2周后已有抗体产生,6周后进入高峰.乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测免疫小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性显著高于pVAXGE单独免疫组(P<0.05)和载体质粒pVAX1对照组(P<0.01).以上结果表明HIV-1核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE与真核表达质粒pVAXIL2联合免疫可诱导特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,且免疫应答水平高于pVAXGE单独免疫组,IL-2发挥了免疫佐剂的作用,增强了核酸疫苗的免疫原性.     

HIV-1结构蛋白gag-gp120与白细胞介素2联合基因免疫

在真核表达载体pVAX1中的CMV启动子下游插入IL-2基因,构建真核表达质粒pVAXIL2。将它与表达I型人免疫缺陷病毒(Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus1,HIV-1)gag-gp120的核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE共同肌肉注射BALB/c小鼠,免疫3次后,以ELISA法检测免疫小鼠血清中抗HIV-1抗体水平,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠在免疫2周后已有抗体产生,6周后进入高峰。乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测免疫小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性,结果显示联合免疫组小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性显著高于pVAXGE单独免疫组(P<0.05)和载体质粒pVAX1对照组(P<0.01)。以上结果表明:HIV-1核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE与真核表达质粒pVAXIL2联合免疫可诱导特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,且免疫应答水平高于pVAXGE单独免疫组,IL-2发挥了免疫佐剂的作用,增强了核酸疫苗的免疫原性。     

HIV-1 gagpol病毒样颗粒疫苗免疫小鼠的实验研究

目的:为构建含中国流行株HIV*1核心蛋白(gag、pol)基因的病毒样颗粒疫苗(VIP疫苗),并评价其诱导的体液和细胞免疫反应效果.方法:将重组质粒pcDNA3.1/gagpol稳定转染HEK293细胞,上清液经蔗糖垫层超速离心纯化后,用收获的VLP疫苗免疫小鼠,通过ELLSA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ,通过乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)实验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应.结果:VLP疫苗免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1 gp160抗体滴度和IFN-γ均升高(P<0.01).其特异性CTL活性均高于PBS对照组(P<0.01).结论:构建的VLP疫苗免疫小鼠可以诱导特异性体液和细胞免疫应答,为进一步研制HIV治疗性疫苗奠定基础.     

表达HPV16 L1抗原的1型重组AAV载体免疫效果的研究

为研究1型重组腺病毒伴随病毒(Adeno-associated virus type 1,AAV1)载体作为HPV16预防性疫苗的可行性,构建含密码子优化型HPV16L1基因(mod.HPV16L1)的1型重组AAV载体rAAV1-mod.HPV16L1,将纯化的rAAV1-mod.HPV16L1以肌注和滴鼻途径分别免疫C57BL/6小鼠,使用体外中和实验检测血清中的特异性中和抗体.结果显示,rAAV1-mod.HPV16L1单针肌注及滴鼻免疫均可诱导特异性血清中和抗体,但二组抗体动态变化趋势不同,肌注组血清中和抗体滴度显著高于滴鼻组.rAAV1-mod.HPV16L1单针肌注免疫可诱导强而持久的血清中和抗体,是理想的候选HPV16预防性疫苗.     

SDF-1基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导的免疫应答

研究SDF-1基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,以探求治疗性HIV-1核酸疫苗的新策略。将pCIneoGAG联合SDF1基因或者pCIneoGAG单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,采用ELISA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFNγ水平,用MTT比色法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖,用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的应答。研究结果提示:与pCIneoGAG免疫组比较,pCIneoGAG联合SDF-1基因免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1p24抗体滴度降低,有显著性差异(p<0.01);而与pCIneoGAG免疫组比较,pCIneoGAG联合SDF-1基因免疫组小鼠血清的IFNγ升高,差异显著(p<0.01);pCIneoGAG联合SDF-1基因免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pCIneoGAG免疫组,有显著性差异(p<0.01)。因此,SDF-1基因联合HIV-1核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,SDF-1基因对体液免疫有抑制作用。SDF-1基因对于治疗性HIV-1核酸疫苗是具有较好应用前景的免疫佐剂。     

HIV-1 B亚型gag基因密码子优化及其免疫原性的研究

从河南HIV-1流行区感染者中克隆HIV-1 B亚型gag基因,通过序列比对获得其一致性共有序列,对该共有序列按照哺乳动物优势密码子的使用原则进行优化,以Western blot方法比较优化前后gag基因体外表达量.发现对gag基因进行密码子优化可显著提高其表达水平.将优化后的mod.gag基因插入重组腺病毒载体,构建了重组病毒rAdV-mod.gag.在BALB/c小鼠体内分别以108PFIJ及108PFU rAdV-mod.gag疫苗单独免疫两次均可产生较高水平的gag特异性细胞免疫反应.由此得出结论,对gag基因的密码子优化是成功的;表达优化后gag基因的重组腺病毒疫苗,可以在小鼠体内诱导较强的gag基因特异性CTL应答.     

A comparative study of hFIX expression mediated by rAAV8 and rAAV1 administrated intramuscularly

BACKGROUND: Recombinant AAV serotype 8 (rAAV8) vector is relatively new for gene therapy. In this study, the hFIX expression mediated by rAAV8 injected intramuscularly was compared with that by rAAV1. METHODS: rAAV8-hFIX or rAAV1-hFIX viruses were injected intramuscularly into two hind limbs of mice at doses of 5x10(10) gc and 2.5x10(12) gc (genome copy). The hFIX expression in the mouse plasma was detected by ELISA, APTT and Western blotting. The virus distribution was analyzed by immunohistochemical assay. RESULTS: When the mice were infected with 5x10(10) gc virus, high levels of hFIX in the plasma of five rAAV8-hFIX virus-infected mice were detected 2 weeks after injection. A hFIX peak above 5000 ng/mL appeared between 2 and 6 weeks after injection. Relatively low levels of hFIX were detected in the plasma of rAAV1-hFIX virus-infected mice 2 weeks after injection. An hFIX peak above 3000 ng/mL appeared between 4 and 10 weeks after injection. However, much lower levels of hFIX were detected in mice infected with higher dose of rAAV8 virus. The hFIX in the mouse plasma was active biologically. The viruses were distributed mainly in the muscles of hind limbs. DISCUSSION: Gene expression mediated by rAAV8 was sooner and stronger than that by rAAV1 after intramuscular administration. Inhibition might have been triggered markedly by rAAV8 at high doses.     

Characterizing clearance of helper adenovirus by a clinical rAAV1 manufacturing process.

Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) are being developed as gene therapy delivery vehicles and as genetic vaccines, and some of the most scaleable manufacturing methods for rAAV use live adenovirus to induce production. One aspect of establishing safety of rAAV products is therefore demonstrating adequate and reliable clearance of this helper virus by the vector purification process. The ICH Q5A regulatory guidance on viral safety provides recommendations for process design and characterization of viral clearance for recombinant proteins, and these principles were adapted to a rAAV serotype 1 purification process for clinical vectors. Specific objectives were to achieve overall adenovirus clearance factors significantly greater than input levels by using orthogonal separation and inactivation methods, and to segregate adenovirus from downstream operations by positioning a robust clearance step early in the process. Analytical tools for process development and characterization addressed problematic in-process samples, and a viral clearance validation study was performed using adenovirus and two non-specific model viruses. Overall clearance factors determined were >23 LRV for adenovirus, 11 LRV for BVDV, and >23 LRV for AMuLV.     

A rAAV2-producing yeast screening model to identify host proteins enhancing rAAV DNA replication and vector yield

Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) are promising therapies for genetic diseases. Although current platforms for recombinant vector production can generate drug material for pre-clinical and clinical studies, rAAV biomanufacturing will eventually face commercial supply challenges if per cell vector productivity and process scalability are not improved. Because considerable efforts have traditionally focused on optimizing rAAV plasmid design, herein we investigate the impact of host cell proteins on vector production to identify proteins that may enhance rAAV yield. Using a rAAV2-GFP-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae model in combination with the yeast Tet Hughes Collection screening library, we identified 22 gene candidates that improved rAAV DNA replication (rAAV-GFP/18s rDNA ratio) and vector yield (benzonase-resistant rAAV DNA vector genome titer) as high as 6-fold and 15-fold relative to control, respectively. The candidate proteins participate in biological processes such as DNA replication, ribosome biogenesis, and RNA and protein processing. The best five candidates (PRE4, HEM4, TOP2, GPN3, and SDO1) were further screened by generating overexpression mutants in the YPH500 yeast strain. Subsequent clone evaluation was performed to confirm the rAAV-promoting activity of selected candidates under plate-based and bioreactor-controlled fermentation conditions. Digital droplet PCR analysis of cell lysate and AVB resin-purified material confirmed HEM4 and TOP2 overexpression mutants displayed the highest per cell total rAAV DNA productivity (1.6 and 1.7-fold increase over control, respectively) and per cell vector productivity (3 and 4-fold over control, respectively). This evaluation confirmed that overexpression of HEM4 and TOP2 proteins enhanced total and benzonase-resistant rAAV DNA yield. Further studies are needed to understand their mechanism of action and to assess their potential application in molecular strategies for rAAV production. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2725, 2019     

重组腺相关病毒：很有潜力的基因治疗载体

腺相关病毒(AAV)是细小病毒家族的一员,为无包膜的线性单链DNA病毒.由于AAV具有长期潜伏于人体而不具有任何明显致病性等优点,人们对AAV作为一种理想的基因治疗载体给予了很大期望.但是,近来发现,这类载体在应用上有许多明显的缺陷,包括某些细胞膜上病毒受体数量极少,重组AAV载体位点特异性整合不足,AAV衣壳成分和转基因产物引起宿主的免疫反应等等.这些缺陷促使人们加大对AAV生物学特性和转染过程的研究,从而更好地对AAV载体进行改进,使新一代重组AAV载体具备基因治疗所必需的安全性、高效性和靶向性,以期更广泛地应用于临床.     

重组腺相关病毒规模化生物包装技术

重组腺相关病毒(Recombinant adeno-associated virus,rAAV)的诸多优点使其成为具有巨大潜力的人类基因治疗载体。人类基因治疗临床前和临床研究以及基因治疗产品的市场化要求rAAV载体生产的规模化。自1989年野生型的腺相关病毒序列被Samulski报道以来,rAAV的生产工艺已经从传统的质粒共转染发展到应用包装细胞系和生产细胞系,包装细胞也从"人体细胞"衍化到"昆虫细胞"。目前rAAV的生产规模和病毒载体质量都完全可以符合临床应用要求,有效地促进rAAV在基因治疗临床上的广泛运用。以下将着重介绍rAAV规模化生物包装技术的发展趋势,尤其各种规模化生产系统的要点。     

重组腺相关病毒载体在肝疾病基因治疗中的应用及局限性

基因治疗(gene therapy)是近十年来随着现代分子生物学技术的发展而诞生的新的生物医学治疗技术.重组腺病毒伴随病毒是一种具有开发潜质的病毒载体,因此近年来对它的研究很是受人关注.肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌在我国乃至全世界是严重损害人们的健康,据此,国内外的研究人员对rAAV在肝疾病基因治疗方面做了大量的工作,本文对rAAV在肝疾病基因治疗中的应用和局限性研究进行综述.     

Leveraging rAAV bioprocess understanding and next generation bioanalytics development

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Long term physiologic modification using rAAV in utero gene-therapy

BACKGROUND: Transfer of genes in utero via the amniotic fluid was shown previously with recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) to be highly efficient. Expression for over one year was demonstrated using reporter genes. In addition, it was shown previously that transgenes delivered by this method release protein into the general circulation. Given these results experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that in utero rAAV gene therapy could result in long term physiologic modification. METHODS: A rAAV recombinant expressing ciliary neurotrophic factor (cntf) and green fluorescent (gfp) in a polycistronic messenger was used to treat rat fetuses in utero. CNTF causes weight loss and decreased water consumption as a measurable physiologic effect. GFP was used as a marker of gene expression. RESULTS: In utero gene transfer with rAAV carrying human cntf and gfp resulted in long-term gene expression in rat. CNTF-specific physiologic effects of a decrease in weight and water intake were obtained. Expression of the GFP was documented in the treated animals at one year of age. CONCLUSION: Given this data, in utero gene therapy with rAAV into multipotential stem cells resulted in long term systemic physiologic modification of the treated animals by the transgene product. In utero rAAV gene therapy potentially could be used for gene replacement therapy in metabolic disorders.