共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
A. Dematteis A. Menzano G. Canavese P. G. Meneguz L. Rossi 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2009,55(6):567-573
One-hundred and fifty-five free-ranging Northern chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) were anaesthetised in the course of a restocking programme using xylazine plus ketamine. Mean ± SD dosages for xylazine
and ketamine were 1.9 ± 0.5 and 2.2 ± 0.7 mg/kg, respectively. In 57 chamois, sedation was reversed using 0.3 ± 0.1 mg/kg
atipamezole. Although all the anaesthetic dosages tested immobilised free-ranging Northern chamois, shorter induction times
(4.8 ± 2.6 min), deeper sedation with no reaction to handling in >90% of the animals and quick reversal (4.0 ± 2.7 min) were
obtained using 2.5 mg/kg xylazine plus 3.0 mg/kg ketamine reversed with 0.25 mg/kg atipamezole. Under the conditions of this
study, suggested standard doses are 63 mg/animal xylazine plus 76 mg/animal ketamine reversed by 6.3 mg/animal atipamezole.
This anaesthetic protocol improves the results from the previous study of Dematteis et al. (Vet Rec 163:184–189, 2008) using xylazine alone. 相似文献
2.
Güçlü BK Kara K Beyaz L Uyanik F Eren M Atasever A 《Biological trace element research》2008,125(2):160-169
This study was performed to determine the effects of copper proteinate on performance, blood chemistry, lipid peroxidation
status, and organs as well as copper deposition in the liver and eggs of laying hens. Seventy-two 30-week-old Bovans laying
hens were distributed into four groups with three replicates. Animals were fed basal diet containing at least 17% crude protein
and 2,800 kcal/kg metabolizable energy supplemented with either 0, 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg copper as copper proteinate. Supplementation
of 150 and 300 mg/kg copper increased egg production, whereas 450 mg/kg copper decreased (p < 0.001). Liver copper levels were elevated in 300 and 450 mg/kg copper-supplemented groups (p < 0.001). Egg copper contents increased in all treatment groups (p < 0.01). An increase in glucose (p < 0.001) and decreases in albumin (p < 0.01) and total cholesterol (p < 0.05) levels were determined with 300 and 450 mg/kg copper. Supplementation of 450 mg/kg copper increased alkaline phosphatase
and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activities (p < 0.05), malondialdehyde, and high-density lipoprotein levels (p < 0.01) but decreased alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities (p < 0.01). No gross and microscopic changes were observed in the liver and kidneys. These results indicated that 150 and 300 mg/kg
copper increased egg production without having marked adverse effects, but 450 mg/kg copper altered some blood chemistry variables
and reduced egg production in laying hens. 相似文献
3.
Tocci N Simonetti G D'Auria FD Panella S Palamara AT Valletta A Pasqua G 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2011,91(4):977-987
Hypericum perforatum is a well-known medicinal plant which contains a wide variety of metabolites, including xanthones, which have a wide range
of biological properties, including antifungal activity. In the present study, we evaluated the capability of roots regenerated
from calli of H. perforatum subsp. angustifolium to produce xanthones. Root biomass was positively correlated with the indole-3-butyric acid concentration, whereas a concentration
of 1 mg l−1 was the most suitable for the development of roots. High auxin concentrations also inhibited xanthone accumulation. Xanthones
were produced in large amounts, with a very stable trend throughout the culture period. When the roots were treated with chitosan,
the xanthone content dramatically increased, peaking after 7 days. Chitosan also induced a release of these metabolites into
the culture. The maximum accumulation (14.26 ± 0.62 mg g−1 dry weight [DW]) and release (2.64 ± 0.13 mg g−1 DW) of xanthones were recorded 7 days after treatment. The most represented xanthones were isolated, purified, and spectroscopically
characterized. Antifungal activity of the total root extracts was tested against a broad panel of human fungal pathogen strains
(30 Candida species, 12 Cryptococcus neoformans, and 16 dermatophytes); this activity significantly increased when using chitosan. Extracts obtained after 7 days of chitosan
treatment showed high antifungal activity (mean minimum inhibitory concentration of 83.4, 39.1, and 114 μg ml−1 against Candida spp., C. neoformans, and dermatophytes, respectively). Our results suggest that root cultures can be considered as a potential tool for large-scale
production of extracts with stable quantities of xanthones. 相似文献
4.
Effects of Zinc Glycine Chelate on Oxidative Stress,Contents of Trace Elements,and Intestinal Morphology in Broilers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wenqiang Ma Haihua Niu Jiang Feng Yong Wang Jie Feng 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):546-556
Three hundred and sixty healthy Ross × Ross 1-day-old broilers were used to study the effects of zinc glycine chelate (Zn-Gly)
on oxidative stress, contents of trace elements, and intestinal morphology. All broilers were randomly assigned to six treatment
groups, which replicates three times. Diets were as follows: (1) control (containing 29.3 mg zinc (Zn)/kg basic diet (0–21 days)
and 27.8 mg Zn/kg (22–42 days)); (2) basic diet plus 30 mg Zn/kg from Zn-Gly; (3) basic diet plus 60 mg Zn/kg from Zn-Gly;
(4) basic diet plus 90 mg Zn/kg from Zn-Gly; (5) basic diet plus 120 mg Zn/kg from Zn-Gly; and (6) positive control, basic
diet plus 120 mg Zn/kg from zinc sulfate (ZnSO4). The results showed that the addition of 90 or 120 mg/kg Zn-Gly led to an improvement of activity of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase
and glutathione peroxidase and a reduction of malondialdehyde content in livers at 21 and 42 days. With 90 mg/kg Zn-Gly, the
content of sera zinc increased by 17.55% (P < 0.05) in 21-day broilers and 10.77% (P > 0.05) in 42-day broilers compared with that of the control. Adding 120 mg/kg Zn-Gly or ZnSO4 to broilers' diets greatly enhanced the content of zinc in feces at 21 days (P < 0.05) and at 42 days (P < 0.05). For 42-day chickens, increased villus height and decreased crypt depth of the jejunum could be observed in the second
growth stage of broilers fed with 90 mg/kg Zn-Gly. Also, intestinal wall thickness decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, adding 90 mg/kg Zn-Gly to the diet markedly elevated villus length of duodenum and decreased crypt
depth of ileum (P < 0.05) in 42-day broilers. 相似文献
5.
Gregorio Mentaberre Jorge Ramón López-Olvera Encarnación Casas-Díaz Laura Fernández-Sirera Ignasi Marco Santiago Lavín 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2010,56(5):757-764
The physical capture of wild ungulates is performed for different purposes when anesthesia in field conditions is not possible
or advisable. The use of tranquilizers may contribute to improved welfare of captured animals. This study aimed to evaluate
the effect of azaperone and haloperidol on the stress response of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) through the evaluation of physiological, hematological, and serum biochemical parameters. Thirty-five Iberian ibexes were
drive-net captured and randomly injected with azaperone (0.52 ± 0.07 mg/kg intramuscularly (IM); n = 10), haloperidol (0.17 ± 0.04 mg/kg IM; n = 10), or saline (0.5 mL IM; n = 15) and physically restrained for 3 h. The variability of heart rate was lower in the azaperone-treated ibexes, suggesting
a calming effect, and erythrocyte and biochemical parameters indicated vasodilation, splenic sequestration, hemodilution,
improvement of renal perfusion, and a protective effect on muscle as a result of smooth muscle relaxation induced by azaperone.
Haloperidol showed poorer results, maybe due to insufficient dosage. These results support the suitability of using azaperone
in capture operations of Iberian ibex in order to reduce stress and prevent its adverse effects. 相似文献
6.
The objective of this study is to investigate the neurotoxicity of drinking water fluorosis on rat hippocampus. Just weaning
male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and given 15, 30, and 60 mg/L NaF solution and distilled water,
respectively, for 9 months. The fluidity of brain synaptic membrane and expression level of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95)
were tested. Results showed that the fluidity of brain synaptic membrane decreased gradually with increasing of fluoride concentration,
and it was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in moderate-fluoride group compared with control group, and expression level of PSD-95 was significantly decreased
(P < 0.01) in moderate-fluoride group when compared with that of control group. These results indicate that decrease of synaptic
membrane fluidity and PSD-95 expression level may be the molecular basis of central nervous system damage caused by fluoride
intoxication; PSD-95 in CA3 region of hippocampus is probably a target molecule for fluoride. 相似文献
7.
To investigate the influence of selenium on body weights and the immune organ indexes in ducklings administrated with aflatoxin
B1 (AFB1), 90 7-day-old ducklings were randomly divided into three groups (groups I–III). Group I was used as a blank control. Group
II was administered with AFB1 (0.1 mg/kg body weight). Group III was administered with AFB1 (0.1 mg/kg body weight) plus sodium selenite (1 mg/kg body weight). All treatments were given once daily for 21 days. It
showed that the ducklings’ bursa of fabricius, thymus indexes, and body weights in group II significantly decreased when compared
with group I (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the spleen indexes significantly decreased (P < 0.01). However, the ducklings’ bursa of fabricius and thymus indexes, body weights in group III ducklings significantly
increased when compared with group II (P < 0.01). In addition, the spleen indexes significantly decreased (P < 0.01). These results revealed that AFB1 significantly affect ducklings’ growth and immune organs development. However, selenium significantly ameliorated the negative
effects induced by AFB1. 相似文献
8.
Sudipto Haldar Souvik Mondal Saikat Samanta Tapan Kumar Ghosh 《Biological trace element research》2009,131(2):110-123
The effects of supplemental chromium (Cr) as chromic chloride hexahydrate in incremental dose levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/day
for 240 days) on metabolism of nutrients and trace elements were determined in dwarf Bengal goats (Capra hircus, castrated males, average age 3 months, n = 24, initial mean body weight 6.4 ± 0.22 kg). Live weight increased linearly (p < 0.05) with the level of supplemental Cr. Organic matter and crude protein digestibility, intake of total digestible nutrients,
and retention of N (g/g N intake) increased (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent linear manner. Serum cholesterol and tryacylglycerol concentrations changed inversely with the
dose of supplemental Cr (p < 0.01). Supplemental Cr positively influenced retention of copper and iron (p < 0.05) causing linear increase (p < 0.01) in their serum concentrations. It was concluded that Cr supplementation may improve utilization of nutrients including
the trace elements and may also elicit a hypolidemic effect in goats. However, further study with regards to optimization
of dose is warranted. 相似文献
9.
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of fluoride in drinking water to liver function in individuals living
in normal and seven endemic fluorosis areas of Punjab, India. The concentration of fluoride in drinking water of different
areas varied from 5.9 to 24.5 mg/L. Study group consisted of 705 patients in the age group between 20 and 60 years (mean age
of 39.35 ± 11.27) affected with osteodental fluorosis were compared with 300 age- and sex-matched controls (with mean age
of 35.28 ± 8.25 years). Biochemical data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey–Kramer and
Bonferroni multiple comparison tests. The relationship between hepatic enzymes was calculated by Pearson’s correlation and
linear regression. The results revealed significantly (P < 0.001) higher concentration of serum fluoride in patients when compared to control. The mean activities of cyclic adenosine
monophosphate (AMP), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), and alanine aminotransaminase
(ALT) were significantly (P < 0.05–0.001) elevated in patients from all fluoride areas. ANOVA with post hoc Turkey–Kramer and Bonferroni multiple comparison
test demonstrated a significant (P < 0.0001) variance in the activities of cAMP, ALKP, ACP, AST, and ALT in fluorotic patients, with elevation in water fluoride
levels. Maximum elevation of 196.14% (ACP), 99.31% (cyclic adenosine monophosphate; cAMP), 72.08% (ALT), 60.14% (AST), and
least 21.35% (ALKP) was recorded in patients exposed to 24.5 mg/L fluoride in drinking water. There was positive correlation
between water fluoride, serum fluoride and AST (r = 0.77, 0.91), ALT (r = 0.82, 0.90), ALKP (r = 0.88, 0.97), and ACP (r = 0.74, 0.85). Pearson’s correlation demonstrated highly significant (P < 0.05) positive relationship between water fluoride and cAMP (regression equation: Y = 0.9807 ×+ 22.081 Y = 0.9807 \times + 22.081 , = 0.84; r = 0.92, P < 0.05). The increased levels of transaminases in fluorotic patients suggest alteration in liver functions. The level of
alkaline and acid phosphatase was increased during fluoride intoxication which is also an early marker of hepatic cell damage
because of its specificity and catalytic activity. The elevated levels of enzymes are reflective of bone disorders, which
are characterized by increased osteoblastic activity. There levels increased several times if cellular damage occurs in the
liver. The results suggest that fluoride exposure intensifies the activities of hepatic function enzymes in osteofluorosis. 相似文献
10.
Shi D Guo S Liao S Su R Guo M Liu N Li P Tang Z 《Biological trace element research》2012,145(3):312-317
To investigate the protection of selenium on hepatic mitochondrial functions, 90 7-day-old ducklings were randomly divided
into three groups (groups I–III). Group I was used as a blank control. Group II was administered with aflatoxin B1 (0.1 mg/kg body weight). Group III was administered with aflatoxin B1 (0.1 mg/kg body weight) plus selenium (sodium selenite, 1 mg/kg body weight). All treatments were given once daily for 21 days.
The results showed that the activities of hepatic mitochondrial complexes I–IV in group II ducklings significantly decreased
when compared with group I (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the activities of hepatic mitochondrial complexes I–IV in group III significantly increased when compared
with group II (P < 0.05). The hepatic mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR) in group II ducklings significantly decreased when compared
with group I (P < 0.01). In addition, the hepatic mitochondrial RCR in group III significantly increased when compared with group II (P < 0.05). These results revealed that the aflatoxin B1 significantly induced hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in the activities of hepatic mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes
I–IV and the RCR in ducklings. However, sodium selenite could significantly ameliorate the negative effect induced by aflatoxin
B1. 相似文献
11.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of selenium on hepatic mitochondrial antioxidant capacity in ducklings
administrated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Ninety 7-day-old ducklings were randomly divided into three groups (groups I–III). Group I was used as a blank control.
Group II was administered with AFB1 (0.1 mg/kg body weight). Group III was administered with AFB1 (0.1 mg/kg body weight) plus selenium (sodium selenite, 1 mg/kg body weight). All treatments were given once daily for 21 days.
The results showed that the activities of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase
(GSH-Px), and glutathione reductase (GR) in group II ducklings significantly decreased when compared with group I (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the content of hepatic mitochondrial malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased (P < 0.01). However, the activities of hepatic mitochondrial SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GR in group III ducklings significantly increased
when compared with group II (P < 0.05). In addition, the content of hepatic mitochondrial MDA significantly decreased (P < 0.01). These results revealed that AFB1 significantly induced hepatic mitochondrial antioxidant dysfunction. However, sodium selenite could significantly ameliorate
the negative effect induced by AFB1. 相似文献
12.
Effect of High Dietary Copper on Somatostatin and Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Levels in the Hypothalami of Growing Pigs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yang W Wang J Liu L Zhu X Wang X Liu Z Wang Z Yang L Liu G 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(2):893-900
This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary copper supplementation on somatostatin (SS) and growth hormone-releasing
hormone (GHRH) mRNA expression levels in the hypothalami of growing pigs. A total of 45 crossbred pigs were randomly assigned
to three groups of 15 pigs each; five replicates of three animals comprised each group. Pigs were allocated to diets that
contained 5 mg/kg copper (control), 125 mg/kg copper sulfate, or 125 mg/kg copper methionine. At the end of the experiment,
five pigs were selected at random from each group and slaughtered, and hypothalami were collected for determination of SS
and GHRH mRNA expression levels. The results showed that the SS expression levels were lower and the GHRH levels were higher
in pigs fed the diets with 125 mg/kg copper methionine (P < 0.05) and 125 mg/kg copper sulfate (P < 0.05), respectively, than in pigs fed the diet with 5 mg/kg copper. Furthermore, the relationship between SS mRNA and GHRH
mRNA abundance had a significantly negative correlation (P < 0.05). The data indicated that high dietary copper could enhance GHRH mRNA expression levels and suppress SS mRNA expression
levels in the hypothalami of pigs. High lever dietary copper (125 mg/kg copper sulfate or 125 mg/kg copper methionine) increased
pigs’ growth performance and feed efficiency but had no significant effect on daily feed intake; 125 mg/kg copper sulfate
or 125 mg/kg copper methionine at the same lever had no difference on growth promoting in pigs. 相似文献
13.
Kaitlin J. Palla Paula M. Pijut 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2011,47(2):250-256
A plant regeneration protocol was developed for white ash (Fraxinus americana L.). Hypocotyls and cotyledons excised from embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine
(BA) plus thidiazuron (TDZ), and compared for organogenic potential. Sixty-six percent of hypocotyl segments and 10.4% of
cotyledon segments produced adventitious shoots, with a mean number of adventitious shoots per explant of 3.5 ± 0.9 and 2.5 ± 1.5,
respectively. The best regeneration medium (52% shoot formation; 47% shoot elongation) for hypocotyls was MS basal medium
containing 22.2 μM BA plus 0.5 μM TDZ, producing a mean of 3.9 ± 0.4 adventitious shoots. Adventitious shoots were established
as proliferating shoot cultures following transfer to MS medium with Gamborg B5 vitamins supplemented with 10 μM BA plus 10 μM
TDZ. For in vitro rooting, woody plant medium with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at 0, 2.9, 5.7, or 8.6 μM in combination with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric
acid (IBA) was tested for a 5- or 10-d dark culture period, followed by culture under a 16-h photoperiod. The best rooting
(78% to 81%) of in vitro shoots was obtained with a 5 d dark culture treatment on medium containing 2.9 or 5.7 μM IAA plus 4.9 μM IBA, with an average
of 2.6 ± 0.4 roots per shoot. Rooted plants were successfully acclimatized to the greenhouse. This adventitious shoot regeneration
and rooting protocol will be used as the basis for experimental studies to produce transgenic white ash with resistance to
the emerald ash borer. 相似文献
14.
A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to investigate the effects of different levels of copper (Cu, 0, 19,
and 38 mg/kg, dry matter (DM)) and molybdenum (Mo, 0 and 5 mg/kg, DM) supplements and an interaction of these two factors
on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and cashmere and follicle characteristics in cashmere goats. Thirty-six Liaoning
cashmere goats (approximately 1.5 years of age; 27.53 ± 1.38 kg of body weight) were assigned randomly to one of six treatments
and fed with Chinese wildrye- and alfalfa hay-based treatment diets (the basal diet contained 4.72 mg Cu/kg, 1.65 mg Mo/kg,
and 0.21% S.). Body weight was measured on two consecutive days at the start and the end of the 70-day experimental period.
On day 30, the metabolism trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary Cu and Mo on nutrient digestibility. The cashmere
and skin samples were collected on day 70. Copper supplementation increased (P < 0.05) growth performance and fiber digestion, but there were no differences (P > 0.05) between Cu-supplemented groups. Addition of 19 mg Cu/kg DM increased (P < 0.05) cashmere growth length or growth rate by increasing the number of active secondary follicles. Molybdenum supplementation
decreased (P < 0.05) growth, but did not affect (P > 0.05) nutrient digestion, cashmere, and follicle characteristics. There is a tendency or significant interaction effect
of Cu and Mo on growth performance (P = 0.057), cashmere growth (P = 0.076), or diameter (P < 0.05) which might be accomplished by changing the number of secondary follicle and active secondary follicle, and secondary
to primary follicle ratio. In conclusion, the optimal supplemental Cu level for Liaoning cashmere goats fed with the basal
diet was 19 mg/kg DM (the total dietary Cu level of 23.72 mg/kg DM), while 38 mg Cu/kg DM supplementation was found to be
needed when 5 mg Mo/kg was added in the basal diet during the cashmere growing period. 相似文献
15.
Dietary Zinc Glycine Chelate on Growth Performance,Tissue Mineral Concentrations,and Serum Enzyme Activity in Weanling Piglets 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
One hundred twenty crossbred piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were used to determine the effects of dietary zinc glycine
chelate on growth performance, tissue mineral concentrations, and serum enzyme activity. All pigs were allotted to four treatments
and fed with basal diets supplemented with 0, 50, and 100 mg/kg Zn as zinc glycine chelate or 3,000 mg/kg Zn as zinc oxide
(ZnO). After the 35-day feeding trial, results of the study showed that, compared to the control, average daily gain was improved
(P < 0.05) for pigs fed 100 mg/kg Zn from zinc glycine chelate or 3,000 mg/kg Zn from ZnO and Zn concentrations in serum and
M. longissimus dorsi were significantly enhanced by 100 mg/kg dietary zinc glycine chelate and 3,000 mg/kg ZnO. In addition, supplementation of
100 mg/kg zinc glycine chelate decreased (P < 0.05) the liver Fe level, liver Zn level, spleen Cu level, and kidney Cu level compared to that of the 3,000-mg/kg ZnO
group. For feces mineral excretion, 3,000 mg/kg Zn from ZnO greatly increased the concentration of fecal Zn (P < 0.01) and Mn (P < 0.05) compared to that of the control or the 100-mg/kg zinc glycine chelate group. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase and Cu/Zn
superoxide dismutase activities of pigs in 100 mg/kg zinc glycine chelate and ZnO treatments were greatly higher than that
of the control. The results of present study showed that supplementation with zinc glycine chelate could improve growth and
serum enzyme activities and could also decrease zinc excretion in feces in weanling pig compared to high dietary ZnO. 相似文献
16.
Ersoy IH Koroglu BK Varol S Ersoy S Varol E Aylak F Tamer MN 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(2):619-624
Although there are many studies on effect of fluoride on trace elements in experimental animals, few studies exist on serum
trace elements levels in patients with endemic fluorosis. We aimed to determine the serum levels of trace elements including
serum copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and serum levels of minerals including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium
(Na), potassium (K) in patients with endemic fluorosis. The study group consisted of 30 patients with endemic fluorosis (17
females, 13 males, mean age 33.53 ± 9.85 years). An age, gender, and body mass index matched 30 healthy volunteers comprised
control group (21 females, ten males with a mean age 33.93 ± 7.39 years). Urine fluoride levels of chronic fluorosis patients
were significantly higher than that of control subjects as expected (1.92 ± 0.10 mg/l vs. 0.41 ± 0.09 mg/l, respectively;
P < 0.001). Serum Cu levels (89.14 ± 16.77 μg/dL vs. 102.69 ± 25.04 μg/dL, respectively, P = 0.017), serum Zn levels (77.98 ± 20.58 μg/dL vs. 94.57 ± 35.87μg/dL, respectively, P = 0.032), and serum Mg levels (1.92 ± 0.18 mg/dL vs. 2.07 ± 0.31 mg/dL, respectively, p = 0.022) was significantly lower in chronic fluorosis patients than in controls. There were no statistically significant
differences between the fluorosis group and control group with respect to serum levels of Na, K, Ca, and P. We concluded that
chronic fluorosis is associated with reduced serum levels of Cu, Zn, and Mg. 相似文献
17.
The purpose of this study was to examine oxidative stress induced by dietary vanadium in the mucosa of different parts of
intestine including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecal tonsil. A total of 420 1-day-old avian broilers were divided into
six groups and fed on a corn–soybean basal diet as control diet or the same basal diet supplemented with 5, 15, 30, 45, and
60 mg/kg vanadium as ammonium metavanadate. During the experimental period of 42 days, oxidative stress parameters were determined
for both control and experimental groups. The results showed that malondialdehyde content was significantly higher (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) in 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg groups than in control group. In contrast, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase,
and glutathione peroxidase, and ability to inhibit hydroxyl radical, and glutathione hormone content were significantly decreased
(p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) mainly in 45 and 60 mg/kg groups in comparison with those of control group. However, the abovementioned oxidative
stress parameters were not significantly changed (p > 0.05) in 5 and 15 mg/kg groups. It was concluded that dietary vanadium in excess of 30 mg/kg could cause obvious oxidative
stress in the intestinal mucosa, which could impact the antioxidant function of intestinal tract in broilers. 相似文献
18.
Margareth da Silva Copertino Thiago Tormena Ulrich Seeliger 《Journal of applied phycology》2009,21(1):31-45
The growth, biofiltering efficiency and uptake rates of Ulva clathrata were studied in a series of outdoor tanks, receiving waste water directly from a shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture pond, under constant aeration and two different water regimes: (1) continuous flow, with 1 volume exchange a
day (VE day-1) and (2) static regime, with 1 VE after 4 days. Water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphate
(PO4), chlorophyll-a (chl-a), total suspended solids (TSS), macroalgal biomass (fresh weight) and tissue nutrient assimilation were monitored over 12 days.
Ulva clathrata was highly efficient in removing the main inorganic nutrients from effluent water, stripping 70–82% of the total ammonium
nitrogen (TAN) and 50% PO4 within 15 h. Reductions in control tanks were much lower (Tukey HSD, P < 0.05). After 3 days, the mean uptake rates by the seaweed biomass under continuous flow were 3.09 mg DIN g DW day−1 (383 mg DIN m−2 day−1) and 0.13 mg PO4 g DW day−1 (99 mg PO4 m−2 day−1), being significantly higher than in the static regime (Tukey HSD, P < 0.05). The chl-a decreased in seaweed tanks, suggesting that U. clathrata inhibited phytoplankton growth. Correlations between the cumulative values of DIN removed from the water and total nitrogen
assimilated into the seaweed biomass (r = 0.7 and 0.8, P < 0.05), suggest that nutrient removal by U. clathrata dominated over other processes such as phytoplankton and bacterial assimilation, ammonia volatilization and nutrient precipitation. 相似文献
19.
We have previously estimated the productivity and photosynthetic efficiency of the microalga Chlorella sp. grown in an outdoor open thin-layer photobioreactor under climate conditions typical of the Middle European region, i.e.
with many days unsuitable for intensive growth of algae (cloudy and rainy days, low air temperature, low solar PAR input).To
estimate the real potential productivity of the bioreactor, we collected data on algae yields obtained during clear summer
day periods. Cultivation was performed in fed-batch cycles in a bioreactor with a 224 m2 culture area (length 28 m, slope 1.7%), and a 6–7 mm-thick layer of algal culture. The suspension volume in the bioreactor
was 2,000 L. The mean values found for Třeboň (49°N), Czech Republic, as an average of several sunny summer cultivation periods
in July, were: net areal productivity, P
net = 38.2 g dry weight (DW) m-2 day-1; net volumetric productivity, Pvol, = 4.3 g algal DW L-1 day-1, photosynthetic efficiency (based on PAR), ηnet = 7.05%. The peak values were: P
net about 50 g (DW) m-2 day-1, ηnet about 9%. Algal growth rate was practically linear up to high biomass densities (40–50 g DW L-1, corresponding to an areal density of 240–300 g DW m-2), at which point the culture was harvested. The concentration of dissolved oxygen increased from about 10 mg L-1 at the beginning to about 23 mg L-1 at the end of culture area at noon. Use of the above-described technology for economical production of bioethanol is proposed. 相似文献
20.
Shahzad Z. Iqbal R. Russell M. Paterson Ijaz A. Bhatti Muhammad R. Asi Munir A. Sheikh Haq N. Bhatti 《Mycotoxin Research》2010,26(3):205-209
The occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in chilies from Pakistan was determined by using HPLC in work undertaken in Pakistan.
Whole (n = 22) and powdered (n = 22) chilies were analyzed. Sixteen (73.0%) and 19 (86.4%) samples of whole and ground chilies, respectively, were contaminated.
The mean concentration in powdered chilies (32.20 μg/kg) was higher statistically than in whole chilies (24.69 μg/kg). Concentrations
ranged from 0.00 to 89.56 μg/kg for powdered chilies, compared with 0.00–96.3 μg/kg for whole chilies. The limits of detection
and quantification were 0.05 μg/kg and 0.53 μg/kg, respectively. The concentrations were high in general and greater than
the statutory limit set by the European Union. There is considerable scope for improvements in chili production in Pakistan. 相似文献