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1.
Rossana Perrone Omar Macadar Ana Silva 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2009,195(5):501-514
Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus (pulse-type weakly electric fish) is a gregarious species that displays reproductive behavior and agonistic encounters between
males only during the breeding season. During social interactions, in addition to its basal electric organ discharge (EOD),
fish emit social electric signals (SESs) in the contexts of reproduction and intrasexual aggression. We reproduced natural
behavior in laboratory settings: SESs recorded in the field are indistinguishable from those observed in our experimental
setup. SESs are nocturnal, change seasonally and exhibit sexual dimorphism. This study provides an exhaustive characterization
and classification of SESs produced by males and females during the breeding season. In male–female dyads, males produce accelerations
and chirps while females interrupt their EODs. The same SESs are observed in male–male dyads. We present a novel, thorough
classification of male chirps into four independent types (A, B, C, and M) based on their duration and internal structure.
The type M chirp is only observed in male–male dyads. Chirps and interruptions, both in male–female and male–male dyads, are
emitted in bouts, which are also grouped throughout the night. Our data suggest the existence of a sophisticated electric
dialog during reproductive and aggressive interaction whose precise timing and behavioral significance are being investigated. 相似文献
2.
We investigated the relative importance of olfaction versus vision in the mate-finding behavior of Agrilus planipennis. When coupled in male–female, male–male and female–female pairs, attempts to mate occurred only in the male–female pairs,
suggesting that beetles can identify the opposite sex before attempting to mate. In a set of sensory deprivation experiments
with male–female pairs, we evaluated whether males could find females when deprived of their sense of olfaction, vision or
both. Males whose antennae were blocked with model paint took significantly longer to find females and spent less time in
copula compared to untreated males. Males whose eyes were similarly blocked did not differ in their mate finding capacity
compared to untreated males. In a third experiment that compared both olfaction and vision, olfactorily impaired beetles never
mated whereas the mate finding potential of visually impaired beetles did not differ from that of untreated beetles. Our results
indicate that males can identify females before coming into physical contact with them, and that at short range (≤5 cm), volatile
cues detected by olfaction are involved in mate finding by A. planipennis. 相似文献
3.
Recent studies indicate that directional female mate choice and order-dependent female mate choice importantly contribute
to non-random mating patterns. In species where females prefer larger sized males, disentangling different hypotheses leading
to non-random mating patterns is especially difficult, given that male size usually correlates with behaviours that may lead
to non-random mating (e.g. size-dependent emergence from hibernation, male fighting ability). Here we investigate female mate
choice and order-dependent female mate choice in the polygynandrous common lizard (Lacerta vivipara). By sequentially presenting males in random order to females, we exclude non-random mating patterns potentially arising
due to intra-sexual selection (e.g. male–male competition), trait-dependent encounter probabilities, trait-dependent conspicuousness,
or trait-dependent emergence from hibernation. To test for order-dependent female mate choice we investigate whether the previous
mating history affects female choice. We show that body size and body condition of the male with which a female mated for
the first time were bigger and better, respectively, than the average body size and body condition of the rejected males.
There was a negative correlation between body sizes of first and second copulating males. This indicates that female mate
choice is dependent on the previous mating history and it shows that the female’s choice criteria are non-static, i.e. non-directional.
Our study therefore suggests that context-dependent female mate choice may not only arise due to genotype-environment interactions,
but also due to other female mating strategies, i.e. order-dependent mate choice. Thus context-dependent female mate choice
might be more frequent than previously thought. 相似文献
4.
Natacha Carvalho Pedro Afonso Ricardo Serrão Santos 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2003,66(3):249-258
The social structure and reproductive behaviour of the wide-eyed flounder, Bothus podas, was studied in the coastal waters around the Azorean Islands. Both sexes are territorial throughout the year. Adult males defend large territories, which include several smaller female territories. Intraspecific agonistic behaviour was frequent and differed between sexes: males were more aggressive towards other males, while females were only aggressive towards each other and juveniles. During the reproductive season and only at dawn, territorial males court and mate successively with females in their territories, and females seem to show mating fidelity to their dominant male. Such territoriality and mating patterns indicate a haremic social system in the wide-eyed flounder. In order to identify potential factors influencing female mate choice acting on this haremic system, we examined male mating success and some of its potential correlates. We found no evidence for female preference for any of the males' physical or territory characteristics. However, courtship effort was strongly correlated with the total number of attempted and successful spawnings, indicating that females seem to mate preferentially with males that court them more vigorously. Thus, our data suggest that courtship plays an important role in determining male mating success in the wide-eyed flounder and, that it may possibly serve as an honest indicator of male `quality' for female choice. 相似文献
5.
Cheryl Denise Knott Melissa Emery Thompson Rebecca M. Stumpf Matthew H. McIntyre 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2010,277(1678):105-113
Intersexual conflicts over mating can engender antagonistic coevolution of strategies, such as coercion by males and selective resistance by females. Orangutans are exceptional among mammals for their high levels of forced copulation. This has typically been viewed as an alternative mating tactic used by the competitively disadvantaged unflanged male morph, with little understanding of how female strategies may have shaped and responded to this behaviour. Here, we show that male morph is not by itself a good predictor of mating dynamics in wild Bornean orangutans but that female conception risk mediated the occurrence and quality of male–female interactions. Near ovulation, females mated cooperatively only with prime flanged males who they encountered at higher rates. When conception risk was low, willingness to associate and mate with non-prime males increased. Our results support the hypothesis that, together with concealed ovulation, facultative association is a mechanism of female choice in a species in which females can rarely avoid coercive mating attempts. Female resistance, which reduced copulation time, may provide an additional mechanism for mate selection. However, coercive factors were also important as prime males were frequently aggressive to females and females used mating strategies consistent with infanticide avoidance. 相似文献
6.
Male–male competition and female mate choice act contemporaneously in the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea and the social pheromone of males influences the outcome of both forms of sexual selection. We therefore examined the joint and separate effects of male–male competition and female mate choice to determine if the selective optima for the pheromone were the same or different. Dominant males in a newly established hierarchy mated more frequently, but not exclusively. Manipulations of the multi-component social pheromone produced by males of N. cinerea showed that both long- and close-range attraction of females by males were influenced by the quantity and composition of the pheromone. The most attractive composition, however, differed from that which was most likely to confer high status to males. Since the outcome of male–male competition can conflict with mating preferences exhibited by females, there is balancing sexual selection on the social pheromone of N. cinerea. Such balancing selection might act to maintain genetic variation in sexually selected traits. We suggest that the different forms of sexual selection conflict in N. cinerea because females prefer a blend different to that which is most effective in male–male competition in order to avoid mating with overly aggressive males. 相似文献
7.
We examined the relationships between male body and horn sizes and mating duration in the Japanese horned beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma. Smaller males possessing shorter horns spent more time for copulation with a female and mounting the female without copulation. The results of multiple regression analyses indicate that the horn length is a determining factor for the time spent by the males during mating. A previous study has documented that the horn length of male A. dichotoma primarily determined the outcomes of aggressive male–male interactions; hence, predicts access to females. Therefore, instead of fighting for females, males possessing short horns may maximize their fertilization success by mating longer with the few females they have access to. 相似文献
8.
Paula Sánchez-Hernández Martha P. Ramírez-Pinilla Miguel Molina-Borja 《Acta ethologica》2012,15(1):65-71
There have been relatively few attempts to quantitatively describe behaviours in scincid lizards. Chalcides viridanus is a small body-sized skink endemic of Tenerife (Canary Islands). We describe and quantify 18 behaviour patterns (both social
and agonistic) of this species, some of which have not been described before for other scincids. Video recordings of male–male,
female–female, and male–female interactions were made under laboratory conditions, with controlled light–dark cycle and temperature.
We describe several agonistic and courtship behaviour patterns. Within the first context, we detected a new agonistic behaviour
for a scincid, “Snout to body”, that appeared at the beginning of agonistic sequences; it consisted of each animal placing
its snout in contact with the other individual’s lateral side of the body. The amplitude of head movement during “Head bobbing”
was lower than that described for many other lizard species. Agonistic behaviours were shown in intrasexual staged encounters
both within males and females. The comparison of behaviour patterns of both types of intrasexual encounters showed that females
were more active, exhibiting significantly higher frequencies of behaviour than males. Specifically, females showed the “Snout
to body” pattern more frequently than males. In male–female encounters we detected courtship and copulation patterns only
in April, when males performed “Bites” and “Snout to body” directed at females. 相似文献
9.
Heavily male-biased operational sex ratio and high male density characterizing explosively breeding anurans are expected to
enhance the opportunity for sexual selection through large-male mating advantage brought about by severe male–male competition.
However, our previous study on the temperate frog Rana chensinensis suggested that these two factors might restrict the opportunity under natural conditions for females to be grasped by any
male they meet first, and scramble competition between males occurred less frequently because amplectant pairs hid on the
bottom of ponds. In the present experimental study, in which the operational sex ratios and male densities were much lower
and individual interactions were sufficiently longer than in natural population, we found a large-male pairing advantage in
female mate choice, multiple mate choice, and male displacement experiments. These findings lend circumstantial support for
the predication, although there was no evidence of large-female mating advantage in a male mate choice experiment. 相似文献
10.
The intense interest in social Hymenoptera, on account of their elaborate sociality and the paradox of altruism, has often
suffered from considerable gender imbalance. This is partly due to the fact that worker behaviour and altruism are restricted
to the females and partly because males often live off the nest. Yet, understanding the males, especially in the context of
mating biology is essential even for understanding the evolution of sociality. Mating patterns have a direct bearing on the
levels of intra-colony genetic relatedness, which in turn, along with the associated costs and benefits of worker behaviour,
are central to our understanding of the evolution of sociality. Although mating takes place away from the nest in natural
colonies of the primitively eusocial wasp Ropalidia marginata, mating can be observed in the laboratory if a male and a female are placed in a transparent, aerated plastic container,
and both wasps are in the range of 5–20 days of age. Here, we use this setup and show that males, but not females, mate serially
with multiple partners. The multiple mating behaviour of the males is not surprising because in nature males have to mate
with a number of females, only a few of whom will go on to lay eggs. The reluctance of R. marginata females to mate with multiple partners is consistent with the expectation of monogamy in primitively eusocial species with
totipotent females, although the apparent discrepancy with a previous work with allozyme markers in natural colonies suggesting
that females may sometimes mate with two or three different males remains to be resolved. 相似文献
11.
Males of the hermit crab Pagurus filholi perform precopulatory guarding behavior, and solitary males often show aggressive behavior to take away guarded females.
Males behave coercively while guarding females, so direct mate choice by females seems difficult in such a situation. By performing
several experiments we examined possible indirect female choice of hermit crab. Males were attached to a shell by their left
cheliped to look like guarding pairs (fake guarding pairs). The shells were filled with cotton containing either seawater
or pheromone water. The fake guarding pair with only seawater caused male–male combat in 60% of trials whereas with pheromone
water combats occurred in 88% of trials. Mean duration of male–male combat was significantly longer in trials with drops of
seawater containing pheromones than in those without pheromones. These results suggest guarding pairs themselves cause male–male
combat by visual stimulation, that female sex pheromones have further significant function in the recognition of guarding
pairs and intensification of male–male combat, and that females release sex pheromones while they are guarded. As a result
of the combat, the larger male ended up guarding a female. This strongly suggests that females choose males indirectly by
exploiting male–male competition induced by sex pheromones under male coercive behavior. 相似文献
12.
Massen JJ Overduin-de Vries AM de Vos-Rouweler AJ Spruijt BM Doxiadis GG Sterck EH 《International journal of primatology》2012,33(1):73-92
Male mating success in a multimale–multifemale group can depend on several variables: body condition, dominance, coalitions,
“friendship,” or an exchange of services for mating access. Exchange patterns may also be determined by market effects or
social relationships. We studied the mating tactics of males in a captive, multimale–multifemale group of rhesus macaques
and the resulting patterns of mating and paternity to determine the influence of dominance rank, mating markets, and relationship
quality on their mating tactics. Male rank was positively related to the total number of copulations and the number of mating
partners, but did not explain male mating distribution completely. Moreover, male fertilization success was not related to
male rank. Males did not exchange grooming for mating access on the same day and neither the supply nor the rank (as a proxy
for quality) of receptive females affected the amount of male grooming, suggesting that market effects did not explain male
mating access. However, there was a positive correlation between long-term grooming patterns of both males and females and
mating access, indicating that social relationships were important for male mating access. Paternity data revealed that these
social relationships were also important for male reproductive success. We conclude that both male rank and male–female “friendship”
determined male mating access in these rhesus macaques, but that “friendship” was more important in determining paternity,
emphasizing the importance of intersex social bonds in male mating success in multimale primate societies. 相似文献
13.
Mewa Singh Tephillah Jeyaraj U. Prashanth Werner Kaumanns 《International journal of primatology》2011,32(1):167-176
Socioecology suggests that female distribution in space is determined by the distribution of food resources and the male distribution
is influenced by female distribution. Though studies have traditionally focused on females, males have received increasing
attention in recent years. We compared male–male relationships in lion-tailed macaques and bonnet macaques. Because bonnet
macaques have a high adult male:female sex ratio and are seasonal breeders whereas lion-tailed macaques have a low adult male:female
sex ratio and are largely aseasonal breeders, we predicted that bonnet macaque males would be spatially and socially more
tolerant of each other and would have less linear dominance relationships than lion-tailed macaques. We recorded male–male
and male–female relationships in 1 group of wild macaques of each species via scan sampling and 1–0 sampling. The results
revealed that lion-tailed macaque males largely remained at a distance from each other whereas bonnet macaque males remained
in close proximity to one another. Lion-tailed macaque males were more agonistic toward each other whereas bonnet macaque
males showed more affiliative interactions. The dominance hierarchy among lion-tailed macaque males was more linear than among
bonnet macaque males. Our data support the hypothesis that the study of spatial structuring, temporality of interactions,
and linearity of social relationships may contribute to a better understanding of macaque social systems. 相似文献
14.
Male mate choice in Brachionus plicatilis is based on information from coronal receptors and contact chemoreception of a glycoprotein signal on the body surface of
females. Male mating behavior is modulated by mating signal quality and strength, which determines male mating persistence
and circling intensity. We probe the sensory abilities of males by better resolving their discrimination of female age. Males
preferentially initiate mating with young females, but not too young. Males circle 0.2 h old females just hatched from resting
eggs only about 1/2 as frequently as 12 h old females. Males are even more discriminating of females with whom they copulate,
preferring 3 h old females significantly more than 0.2 h or 6 h old females. In contrast, males cannot distinguish between
virgin females and those who have already copulated. Similarly, males circled and copulated with females hatching from resting
eggs with equal frequency as those hatching from amictic eggs. The counterpoint to male mate choice is female resistance to
mating. When males contact females, the females respond with one of four behaviors: no response, acceleration, foot flipping,
or coronal retraction. In 65% of male–female encounters, there was no initial response by females. However, when males began
circling females, females accelerated 11.1 times more often than when males were absent. The second type of evasive female
behavior was foot-flipping, which tends to knock off males attempting to circle the female. In the presence of circling males,
females performed foot-flipping behavior three times more often than in the absence of males. Coronal retraction, where they
stop swimming and withdraw their corona, was observed less frequently than acceleration or foot-flipping, and there was no
difference in the presence or absence of males. These data are interpreted in the context of sexual conflict, where the behaviors
that optimize male and female fitness differ.
Guest editors: S. S. S. Sarma, R. D. Gulati, R. L. Wallace, S. Nandini, H. J. Dumont & R. Rico-Martínez
Advances in Rotifer Research 相似文献
15.
David Mellor Lisa Wilt Dmitry Gershenson David Howe Rebecca Jordan 《Journal of Ethology》2012,30(1):181-186
The mbuna cichlids of Lake Malawi are a diverse, monophyletic, and recently derived clade. Sexual selection is thought to have accelerated
their rapid diversification, though the mechanism by which this has occurred remains unknown. In this study, we examine the
effect that male–male interactions have on female preference. We first used a short interaction experiment as a proxy for
male dominance. We then measured female preference for (1) a single, isolated male; (2) a group of three, highly ranked males,
relative to a group of lower ranked males; and (3) a group of three, mixed-ranked males against a similar group of mixed-rank
males. We found that male dominance was highly correlated with male standard length. Female preference for male standard length
and for dominance rank was significant in both isolated and group interactions. However, females only showed preference for
groups of interacting males when males were segregated by dominance rank, not when groups were composed of both dominant and
subordinate males. The results suggest that male–male contests influence female mating decisions. By investigating the rules
that dictate the outcomes of such interactions we can elucidate the role that behavior plays in the diversification of this
species-rich lineage. 相似文献
16.
Kensuke Okada Masako Katsuki Manmohan D. Sharma Clarissa M. House David J. Hosken 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2014,281(1785)
Female mate choice and male–male competition are the typical mechanisms of sexual selection. However, these two mechanisms do not always favour the same males. Furthermore, it has recently become clear that female choice can sometimes benefit males that reduce female fitness. So whether male–male competition and female choice favour the same or different males, and whether or not females benefit from mate choice, remain open questions. In the horned beetle, Gnatocerus cornutus, males have enlarged mandibles used to fight rivals, and larger mandibles provide a mating advantage when there is direct male–male competition for mates. However, it is not clear whether females prefer these highly competitive males. Here, we show that female choice targets male courtship rather than mandible size, and these two characters are not phenotypically or genetically correlated. Mating with attractive, highly courting males provided indirect benefits to females but only via the heritability of male attractiveness. However, mating with attractive males avoids the indirect costs to daughters that are generated by mating with competitive males. Our results suggest that male–male competition may constrain female mate choice, possibly reducing female fitness and generating sexual conflict over mating. 相似文献
17.
In primates, male–immature interactions are always multifacetted. We studied male–immature interactions of white-headed langur during our long-term study in Nongguan White-Headed Langur Reserve, Guangxi, China. Male–immature interactions obviously differed between one-male groups and male–immature groups. In one-male groups, adult males behaved tolerantly or aggressively towards immatures and never carried out sociopositive behaviors. Sexual selection theory supports this phenomenon because males are predicted to bias to compete for more mating chances but not to invest in any single offspring. In male–immature groups, however, adult males carried out sociopositive behaviors and never behaved aggressively towards immatures. This is supported by kin selection theory because it will be beneficial for the males to increase the survival of the immatures if they are likely the fathers of them. Thus, we conclude that male–immature interactions differ between one-male groups and male–immature groups because the mating status of males are different between the two kinds of groups. 相似文献
18.
Darwin first identified female choice and malemale competitionas
forms of sexual selection resulting in the evolution of conspicuoussexual
dimorphism, but it has proven challenging to separatetheir effects. Their
effects on sexual selection become evenmore complicated when sperm
competition occurs because spermprecedence may be either a form of cryptic
female choice ora form of malemale competition. We examined the
effectsof tail height on malemale competition and female choiceusing
the sexually dimorphic red-spotted newt (Notophthalmusviridescens
viridescens). Experiment 1 examined whether maletail height influenced
male mating success. Males with deeptails were more successful at mating with
females than thosewith shallow tails. Successful, deep-tailed males also were
bigger(snout-vent length; SVL) than unsuccessful, shallow-tailed males,but
they did not vary in tail length or body condition. Of these,only tail height
and tail length are sexually dimorphic traits.Experiment 2 tested the
hypothesis that the differential successof males with deeper tails was due to
female choice by examiningboth simultaneous female preference for association
and sequentialfemale choice. We found no evidence of female choice. When
maleswere not competing to mate with females, tail height did notinfluence
male mating success. Successful males did not havedifferent SVL and tail
lengths than unsuccessful males. Thus,tail height in male red-spotted newts
appears to be an intrasexuallyselected secondary sexual characteristic.
Experiment 3 usedpaternity exclusion analyses based on molecular genetic
markersto examine the effect of sperm precedence on sperm competitionin
doubly-mated females. Sperm precedence likely does not havea pervasive and
consistent effect on fertilization success becausewe found evidence of first,
last, and mixed sperm usage. 相似文献
19.
Recent studies have indicated that mating success of large malesmay improve under increasing levels of mating competition. Thisoutcome is explained 1) if male mating competition is overridingfemale preferences for male traits that are unrelated to, ornegatively correlated with, male size and dominance and, inso doing, dictates the distribution of matings or 2) if femalesalter their preferences with respect to large males when male–malecompetition is intense. Under both hypotheses, one could expectlarge, dominant males to be more successful under intense competitionthan under weak competition. However, only the first explanationpredicts that male mating success under intense competitionshould be determined by dominance; traits that are unrelatedto male dominance should be uncorrelated to mating success.In contrast, if females change their preferences (explanation2), males with traits beneficial to females independent of thecompetitive environment can maintain a high mating success underall levels of male–male competition. We tested these alternativesusing a small marine fish, the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus.The mating success of large males increased under conditionsallowing intense male competition, whereas females showed apreference for good nest building independent of the level ofcompetition. These findings suggest that females are in controlof their choice by altering their preference for male size inresponse to the intensity of male–male competition ratherthan female preference being overshadowed by male dominance.This plasticity of preferences implies that the strength ofsexual selection is not constant at the population level. 相似文献
20.
The evolution of female ornaments is poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests not only that female ornaments may be genetic
correlates of selection on males but may also have evolved through male mate choice and/or through female–female aggressive
interactions. In the rock sparrow, Petronia petronia, both sexes have a carotenoid-based yellow patch that is sexually selected by both sexes. The benefits that male may gain
from choosing an attractive female remain unidentified. Both parents participate in caring for the young, so there should
be mutual mate choice because males and females should both benefit from choosing a good parent (good parent hypothesis; GPH).
Moreover, it has already been demonstrated that the yellow patch in males is also a badge of status (armament). Therefore,
the yellow patch could also serve as both ornament and armament in females (dual utility hypothesis; DUH). We investigated
the hypothesis that male and female yellow patch size signals parental quality in the field. We tested by an experiment in
captivity the signal function of the yellow patch in female–female aggressive interactions for access to food. Yellow patch
size correlated with paternal, but not maternal, feeding rates. Thus, this study supports the hypothesis that yellow patch
dimension signals male parental quality, but there is no evidence for the GPH to explain female ornamentation. In the experiment
females with relatively large yellow patches had earlier access to food than those with small patches. These results seem
to suggest that a sexually selected carotenoid-feather signal may be used in female–female competition, in agreement with
the DUH. Males may benefit from choosing well ornamented females because these may be superior competitors. 相似文献