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1.
Cristina Buiza Javier Yanguas Amaia Zulaica Iván Antón Enrique Arriola Alvaro García 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(4):208-212
Introduction
Adaptation and validation to the Basque language of tests to assess advanced cognitive impairment is a not covered need for Basque-speaking people. The present work shows the validation of the Basque version of the Severe Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE).Material and methods
A total of 109 people with advanced dementia (MEC < 15) took part in the validation study, and were classified as GDS 5-7 on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). All participants were Spanish-Basque bilingual.Results
It was shown that SMMSE-eus has a high internal consistency (alpha = 0.92), a good test-retest reliability (r = 0.88; P < .01), and a high inter-rater reliability (CCI = 0.99; P < .00) for the overall score, as well as for each item.Conclusions
Both the high internal consistency and inter-rater reliability, and to a lesser extent, test-retest reliability, made the SMMSE-eus a valid test for the brief assessment of cognitive status in people with advanced dementia in Basque-speaking people. For this reason, the SMMSE-eus is a usable and reliable alternative for assessing Basque-speaking people in their mother-tongue, or preferred language. 相似文献2.
José F. Parodi Wendy Nieto-Gutierrez Walter A. Tellez Iris Ventocilla-Gonzales Fernando M. Runzer-Colmenares Alvaro Taype-Rondan 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(2):73-76
Introduction
The prevention and management of neurocognitive disorders (NCD) among older adults can be improved by early identification of risk factors such as walking speed. The objective of the study is to assess the association between gait speed and NCD onset in a population of Peruvian older adults.Material and methods
Cohort conducted in older adults who attended the geriatrics service of Naval Medical Center (Callao, Peru). During the baseline assessment, participants’ gait speed was recorded. Subsequently, participants were followed-up annually for 5 years, with a mean of 21 months. NCD onset was defined as the occurrence of a score ≤ 24 points on the Mini Mental State Examination (screening test) during follow-up. The hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using Cox regression.Results
The study included 657 participants, with a mean age of 73.4 ± 9.2 (SD) years, of whom 47.0% were male, 47.8% had a gait speed < 0.8 m/s, and 20.1% developed NCD during the follow up. It was found that older adults who had gait speed < 0.8 m/s at baseline were more likely to develop NCD than those who had a gait speed ≥ 0.8 m/s (adjusted HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.34-1.47).Conclusion
A longitudinal association was found between decreased gait speed and NCD onset, suggesting that gait speed could be useful to identify patients at risk of NCD onset. 相似文献3.
Oriol Turró Garriga Sílvia Farrés Costa Albert Pérez Terré Pau Batlle Amat 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(4):196-201
Introduction
The care of dependent persons is arduous, and requires time, energy, and physical effort on the part of caregivers. Personal characteristics, such as the sense of coherence (SOC), can influence the perceived burden and care giving.Objective
To determine the impact of SOC on the perceived burden and to determine if these characteristics are associated with adherence to a psycho-educational program for informal caregivers.Material and method
Prospective observational study of caregivers of dependent persons participating in the ‘School of Caregivers’, a psycho-educational program for family and paid caregivers. An analysis was made of the SOC-13 items and the results of the Zarit Burden Interview. The relationship between the SOC and the adherence to the program (≥ 50% sessions) was also analysed.Results
The study included 96 participants, with 71.9% family carers. The higher burden was associated with a lower SOC meaningfulness factor (β = –0.388; P = .002), and to be a relative vs. paid carer (β = –0.300; P = .010). Just over half (52.1%) of carers completed 50% or more sessions, and in the case of the relatives, this adherence increased by higher SOC (OR: 1.1, P = .034), and lower burden (OR: 0.95, P = .032). The lack of adherence of paid caregivers was not associated with any of the analysed variables.Conclusions
The sense of coherence and mainly the meaning, is a characteristic to take into account for the adaptation of interventions in caregivers and provide them with greater equity working more on the people who need it the most (lower SOC and greater burden). 相似文献4.
Claudio Farías-Valenzuela Cristian Pérez-Luco Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo Cristian Álvarez Mauricio Castro-Sepúlveda 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(3):141-144
Background
Handgrip strength (HS) and peak oxygen consumption (Vo2peak) are powerful predictors of cardiovascular risk, although it is unknown which of the two variables is the better predictor.Aim
The objective of the following study was to relate HS and Vo2peak to cardiovascular risk markers in older Chilean women.Methods
Physically active adult women (n = 51; age, 69 ± 4.7 years) participated in this study. The HS and Vo2peak were evaluated and related to the anthropometric variables of body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist ratio (WR), and waist height ratio (WHR), as well as with the cardiovascular variables systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) and cardiac recovery in one minute (RHR1). A multilinear regression model was used for the analysis of the associated variables (P < .05).Results
The cardiovascular risk markers associated (P < .05) with the handgrip strength of the dominant limb (HSDL) were body mass, BMI, WR, and WHR. The handgrip strength of the non-dominant limb (HSNDL) was associated with body mass. Vo2peak was associated with body mass, BMI, HC and RHR1. The multilinear regression model showed a value of r = 0.43 in HSDL, r = 0.39 in HSNDL and r = 0.69 in peak Vo2.Conclusion
Although HS and Vo2peak were related to cardiovascular risk markers, Vo2peak offers greater associative power with these cardiovascular risk factors. 相似文献5.
6.
Avinash H. Udayashankar Shibina Noorjahan Nirmala Srikantia K. Ravindra Babu Sandeep Muzumder 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(4):233-241
Aim
To identify the most reproducible technique of patient positioning and immobilization during pelvic radiotherapy.Background
Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. Errors in positioning of patient are an integral component of treatment. The present study compares two methods of immobilization with no immobilization with an aim of identifying the most reproducible method.Materials and methods
65 consecutive patients receiving pelvic external beam radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. 30, 21 and 14 patients were treated with no-immobilization with a leg separator, whole body vacuum bag cushion (VBC) and six point aquaplast immobilization system, respectively. The systematic error, random error and the planning target volume (PTV) margins were calculated for all the three techniques and statistically analyzed.Results
The systematic errors were the highest in the VBC and random errors were the highest in the aquaplast group. Both systematic and random errors were the lowest in patients treated with no-immobilization. 3D Systematic error (mm, mean ± 1SD) was 4.31 ± 3.84, 3.39 ± 1.71 and 2.42 ± 0.97 for VBC, aquaplast and no-immobilization, respectively. 3D random error (mm, 1SD) was 2.96, 3.59 and 1.39 for VBC, aquaplast and no-immobilization, respectively. The differences were statistically significant between all the three groups. The calculated PTV margins were the smallest for the no-immobilization technique with 4.56, 4.69 and 4.59 mm, respectively, in x, y and z axes, respectively.Conclusions
Among the three techniques, no-immobilization technique with leg separator was the most reproducible technique with the smallest PTV margins. For obvious reasons, this technique is the least time consuming and most economically viable in developing countries. 相似文献7.
Vanessa Blanco María Adelina Guisande María Teresa Sánchez Patricia Otero Lara López Fernando Lino Vázquez 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2019,54(1):19-26
Introduction
Most of existing work on burden among family caregivers has methodological sample constraints. Moreover, there is contradictory information regarding sociodemographic variables, especially those related to care, clinical variables, and burden. Few studies have analysed the self-esteem and personality characteristics as correlates of burden. In this study, an analysis is performed on the prevalence of burden among family caregivers and the relationship with their sociodemographic, care-related, and clinical characteristics.Materials and methods
The study consisted of a randomly selected sample of 294 family caregivers (mean age 55.3 years, 89.8% women) from the Autonomous Region of Galicia, Spain. Trained psychologists assessed the presence of burden via the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (CBI). Information was also collected on sociodemographic, care-related variables, social support, personality characteristics, and self-esteem.Results
More than half (55.4%) of the surveyed caregivers exhibited burden (CBI > 24), with mean score of 27.3 (SD = 13.3). Not being employed outside the home and having higher scores in neuroticism were associated with a greater probability of presenting with burden, while being older and having higher social support were associated with a lower risk.Conclusions
A significant number of caregivers suffered from burden in the current study. Psychotherapeutic interventions need to be developed for those who are already suffering from burden, as well as prevention strategies for those who have not yet developed it. 相似文献8.
Aim
In this study, at different fields, energies and gantry angles, treatment couch and rails dose absorption ratio and treatment couch effect on surface and build-up region doses were examined.Background
It is assumed that radiation attenuation is minimal because the carbon fiber couches have low density and it is not generally accounted for during treatment planning. Consequently, it leads to a major dosimetric mistake.Materials and methods
Solid water phantom was used for relative dose measurement. The measurements were done using a Farmer ion chamber with 0.6 cc volume and a parallel plane ion chamber starting from surface with 1 mm depth intervals at 10 × 10 cm2 field, SSD 100 cm. Measurements were taken for situations where the beams intersect the couch and couch rails.Results
Dose absorption ratio of carbon fiber couch obtained at gantry angle of 180° was 1.52%, 0.69%, 0.33% and 0.25% at different field sizes for 6 MV. For 15 MV, this ratio was 0.95%, 0.27%, 0.20% and 0.05%. The absorption ratio is between 3.4% and 1.22% when the beams intersect with couch rails. The couch effect increased surface dose from 14% to 70% for 6 MV and from 11.34% to 53.03% for 15 MV.Conclusions
The results showed that the carbon fiber couch increased surface dose during posterior irradiation. Therefore, the skin-sparing effect of the high energy beams was decreased. If the effect of couch is not considered, it may cause significant differences at dose which reaches the patient and may cause tissue problems such as erythema. 相似文献9.
Hediye Acun-Bucht Ebru Tuncay Emin Darendeliler Gönül Kemikler 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(4):242-250
Aim
This study aims at examining absolute dose verification of step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiation treatment (IMRT) of prostate and brain patients by use of ion chambers of two different volumes and thermoluminescent detectors (TLD).Background
The volume of the ion chamber (IC) is very important for absolute dose verification of IMRT plans since the IC has a volume average effect. With TLD detectors absolute dose verification can be done measuring the dose of multiple points simultaneously.Materials and methods
Ion chambers FC65-P of volume 0.65 cc and semiflex of volume 0.125 cc as well as TLDs were used to measure the central axis absolute dose of IMRT quality assurance (QA) plans. The results were compared with doses calculated by a treatment planning system (TPS). The absolute doses of off axis points located 2 cm and 4 cm away from the isocenter were measured with TLDs.Results
The measurements of the 0.125 cc ion chamber were found to be closer to TPS calculations compared to the 0.65 cc ion chamber, for both patient groups. For both groups the root mean square (RMS) differences between doses of the TPS and the TLD detectors are within 3.0% for the central axis and points 2 cm away from the isocenter of each axis. Larger deviations were found at the field edges, which have steep dose gradient.Conclusions
The 0.125 cc ion chamber measures the absolute dose of the isocenter more accurately compared to the 0.65 cc chamber. TLDs have good accuracy (within 3.0%) for absolute dose measurements of in-field points. 相似文献10.
Karla Berenice Carrazco-Peña Katia Farías-Moreno Benjamín Trujillo-Hernández 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(1):23-25
Objective
To determine the frequency of successful aging (SA) and its relationship with frailty in an elderly population.Material and methods
An analytical cross-sectional study of subjects ≥60 years of age seen as outpatients in a general hospital. Successful aging was defined as scores of ≥ 90 in the Barthel index and ≤ 2 in the Pfeiffer test. Frailty was determined using the Fried criteria.Results
The study included 400 subjects (272 women and 128 men), with a mean age of 71.6 ± 8.2 years. The SA frequency was 40.4%. frail status was statistically higher in non-successful aging subjects than in SA subjects (161.7 versus 7.9%; P<.001). Women were more frequently frail, while being a pensioner/retired and married were associated less frequently with frailty.Conclusions
Successful aging is associated with a lower level of frailty. 相似文献11.
Sureyya Sarıhan Ahmet Sami Bayram Cengiz Gebitekin Omer Yerci Deniz Sıgırlı 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):97-104
Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) for treatment outcomes and prognostic factors on survival.Background
TETs are very rare neoplasms and multidisciplinary approach is recommended according to prognostic factors.Materials and methods
Between 1995 and 2013, 31 patients were treated with median 5400 cGy (range: 1620–6596 cGy) radiotherapy (RT). Eleven patients received adjuvant or concurrent chemotherapy. There were 25 thymomas, 4 thymic carcinomas and 2 thymic neuroendocrin carcinomas. According to Masaoka, staging and WHO classification, cases were divided to good (n: 10), moderate (n: 9) and poor (n: 12) prognostic risk groups. Survival was calculated from diagnosis.Results
In January 2016, 22 cases were alive with median 51.5 months (range: 2–170.5) follow-up. Recurrences were observed in 29% of patients in median 29.5 months (range: 6.5–105). Local control, mean overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 86%, 119 and 116 months, respectively. There was a significant difference for R0 vs. R+ resection (81% vs. 43%, p = 0.06, and 69% vs. 46%, p = 0.05), Masaoka stage I–II vs. III–IV (75% vs. 52%, p = 0.001, and 75% vs. 37%, p < 0.001), and also prognostic risk groups (100% vs. 89% vs. 48%, p = 0.003, and 100% vs. 87% vs. 27%, p = 0.004) in terms of 5-year OS and DFS, respectively.Conclusion
In our study, prognostic risk stratification was shown to be a significant predictor of survival. There is a need to investigate subgroups that may or may not benefit from adjuvant RT. 相似文献12.
13.
Pilar Zueras Jeroen Spijker Amand Blanes 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(2):66-72
Introduction
The increasing participation of women in the workforce may make it difficult to sustain the current model of elderly care. The aim of this article was to determine the changing sociodemographic profile of informal elderly caregivers with disabilities, the interaction between employment and care, and the view of the public on the responsibility of that care.Materials and methods
Cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from four national surveys were used: the disability surveys held in 1999 (N = 3,936) and 2008 (N = 5,257), the 2011-12 National Health Survey (N = 439), and the Family and Gender survey of 2012 (N = 1,359). They were analysed using contingency tables based on gender and age.Results
Half of the informal caregivers were women aged 45 to 64 years. Between 1999 and 2011-12 they became more concentrated in the 55-64 age-bracket, among whom participation in the workforce doubled from 20% to 40%. Increased care for men was associated with unemployment. Care work had a negative impact on working life, with greater impact among women and those who cared for elderly people with severe disabilities. Less likely to consider that elderly care provision should rest on family are 45-54 year-old economically active women (only 42%) or those who are more educated (40%), compared to 60% of economically inactive women and 55% of less educated women.Conclusions
Economically active and educated women are less inclined to family-based care, but assume it independently of their workforce participation, whereas males do so according to their availability. 相似文献14.
Roger Cai Xiang Soh Guan Heng Tay Wen Siang Lew James Cheow Lei Lee 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(5):413-424
Aim
To identifying depth dose differences between the two versions of the algorithms using AIP CT of a 4D dataset.Background
Motion due to respiration may challenge dose prediction of dose calculation algorithms during treatment planning.Materials and methods
The two versions of depth dose calculation algorithms, namely, Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) version 10.0 (AAAv10.0), AAA version 13.6 (AAAv13.6) and Acuros XB dose calculation (AXB) algorithm version 10.0 (AXBv10.0), AXB version 13.6 (AXBv13.6), were compared against a full MC simulated 6X photon beam using QUASAR respiratory motion phantom with a moving chest wall. To simulate the moving chest wall, a 4 cm thick wax mould was attached to the lung insert of the phantom. Depth doses along the central axis were compared in the anterior and lateral beam direction for field sizes 2 × 2 cm2, 4 × 4 cm2 and 10 × 10 cm2.Results
For the lateral beam direction, the moving chest wall highlighted differences of up to 105% for AAAv10.0 and 40% for AXBv10.0 from MC calculations in the surface and buildup doses. AAAv13.6 and AXBv13.6 agrees with MC predictions to within 10% at similar depth. For anterior beam doses, dose differences predicted for both versions of AAA and AXB algorithm were within 7% and results were consistent with static heterogeneous studies.Conclusions
The presence of the moving chest wall was capable of identifying depth dose differences between the two versions of the algorithms. These differences could not be identified in the static chest wall as shown in the anterior beam depth dose calculations. 相似文献15.
16.
Hidekazu Tanaka Takahiro Yamaguchi Kae Hachiya Shingo Kamei Satoshi Ishihara Masahide Hayashi Shinichi Ogawa Hironori Nishibori Satoshi Goshima Masayuki Matsuo 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(1):28-33
Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the treatment result of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in a large number of Japanese patients with prostate cancer.Background
A total of 1091 patients with localized prostate cancer were recruited between March 2006 and July 2014. The patients were stratified into low- (n = 205 [18.8%]), intermediate- (n = 450 [41.2%]), high- (n = 345 [31.6%]), and very high-risk (n = 91 [8.3%]) groups according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network classification. All patients were irradiated via IMRT at a dose of 74–78 Gy with or without androgen-deprivation therapy. The mean follow-up period was 50 months (range, 2–120 months).Results
The biochemical failure-free rate (BFFR), the clinical failure-free rate, and the overall survival rate at the 5-year follow-up for all patients was 91.3%, 96.2%, and 99.1%, respectively. In univariate analysis, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (≤20 vs. >20 ng/ml) were significantly correlated with BFFR. A trend toward higher BFFR was noted in patients with a Gleason score (GS) of ≤7 than in patients with GS ≥8. In multivariate analysis, only PSA (≤20 vs. >20 ng/ml) was significantly correlated with BFFR. The cumulative incidence rate of gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity (≥grade 2) at the 5-year follow-up was 11.4% and 4.3%, respectively.Conclusions
The findings of this study indicate that IMRT is well tolerated and is associated with both good long-term tumor control and excellent outcomes in patients with localized prostate cancer. 相似文献17.
Blanca Rosales-Acosta Aarón Mendieta Clara Zúñiga Joaquín Tamariz César Hernández Rodríguez José Antonio Ibarra-García Lourdes Villa-Tanaca 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2019,36(1):1-8
Background
The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (Hmgr) catalyzes the synthesis of mevalonate, a key compound for the synthesis of cholesterol in humans and ergosterol in fungi. Since the Hmgr enzymes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Candida glabrata are similar to the Hmgr enzymes of mammals, fungal Hmgr enzymes have been proposed as a model for studying antifungal agents.Aims
To examine the correlation between inhibiting Um-Hmgr enzyme and the viability, sterols synthesis and mating in Ustilago maydis.Methods
Using in silico analysis, the ORF codifying for Um-Hmgr was identified and the protein characteristics were deduced. The effect of the competitive inhibitors of Um-Hmgr on the viability of this basidiomycota, the synthesis of its sterols, and its mating were evaluated.Results
The Umhmgr gene (XP_011389590.1) identified putatively codifies a protein of 1443 aa (ca. MW = 145.5 kDa) that has a possible binding domain in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high identity with the Hmgr catalytic domain of humans and other yeasts. The inhibition of Um-Hmgr caused a decrease of viability and synthesis of sterols, and also the inhibition of mating. The activity of Um-Hmgr is mainly located in the membrane fraction of the fungus.Conclusions
Given our results we believe U. maydis is a valid model for studying synthetic inhibitors with lipid-lowering or antifungal activity. Additionally, we propose the Hmgr enzyme as an alternative molecular target to develop compounds for treating both phytopathogenic and pathogenic human fungi. 相似文献18.
Francieli Chassot Tarcieli Pozzebon Venturini Fernanda Baldissera Piasentin Janio Morais Santurio Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski Sydney Hartz Alves 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2019,36(1):44-47
Background
Candida parapsilosis may acquire resistance to echinocandins, a fact that prompts the search for new therapeutic options.Aims
The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of antifungal agents, alone and in combination, against four groups of C. parapsilosis strains: (1) echinocandin-susceptible (ES) clinical isolates (MIC ≤ 2 μg/ml), (2) anidulafungin-resistant strains (MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml), (3) caspofungin-resistant strains (MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml), and (4) micafungin-resistant strains (MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml).Methods
Antifungal interactions were evaluated by a checkerboard micro-dilution method. The determination of the MIC to each drug for every isolate according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute documents M27 (2017) and M60 (2017) was also done.Results
The echinocandins-resistant (ER) strains showed higher MICs to the tested antifungals than the ES strains, except for amphotericin B, for which the ER groups remained susceptible.Conclusions
Most combinations showed indifferent interactions. The use of monotherapy still seems to be the best option. As resistance to echinocandins is an emergent phenomenon, further studies are required to provide clearer information on the susceptibility differences between strains to these antifungal agents. 相似文献19.
José Mauricio Ocampo-Chaparro José Ignacio Mosquera-Jiménez Annabelle S. Davis Carlos A. Reyes-Ortiz 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(1):19-22
Introduction
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of cognitive impairment on functional decline in hospitalised patients aged ≥ 60 years.Methods
Measurements at admission included demographic data, Charlson's comorbidity index, and cognitive impairment (according to education level).Data were also collected on hospital length of stay, depression, and delirium developed during hospitalisation. The outcome, Barthel Index (BI), was measured at admission, discharge, and 1-month post-discharge. Patients with BI ≤ 75 at admission (n = 54) or with a missing BI value were excluded (n = 1). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore predictive factors with functional decline (BI ≤ 75) from admission to discharge, and 1-month later.Results
Of the 133 patients included, 24.8% and 19.6% had a BI ≤ 75 at discharge and at 1-month, respectively. Compared with men, women had more than double risk for functional decline at discharge and 1-month (P < .05). Compared with those without delirium and without cognitive impairment, those with delirium and cognitive impairment had an increased risk for functional decline (BI ≤ 75) at discharge (OR 5.15, 95% CI; 1.94-13.67), and at 1-month (OR 6.26, 95% CI; 2.30-17.03). Similarly, those with comorbidity (≥ 2) had increased functional decline at discharge (OR 2.36, 95% CI; 1.14-4.87), and at 1-month after discharge (OR 2.71, 95% CI; 1.25-5.89).Conclusion
Delirium during hospitalisation, together with cognitive impairment on admission, was a strong predictor of functional decline. 相似文献20.
Hidekazu Tanaka Takahiro Yamaguchi Kae Hachiya Kazuhiro Miwa Jun Shinoda Masahide Hayashi Shinichi Ogawa Hironori Nishibori Satoshi Goshima Masayuki Matsuo 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(3):215-219