Tres adiciones al genero Baccharis (Compositae) en Mexico

1. -Bigelowia pyramidata Rob. & Greenm. from Oaxaca proves to be a dioecious plant and is therefore transferred to the genusBaccharis.
2. -Baccharis matudae sp. nov. is described on the basis of material collected in Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí. The species is closely related toB. pyramidata (Rob. & Greenm.) Rzedowski.
3. -Baccharis zamoranensis sp. nov. is described on the basis of material collected on the border of Querétaro and Guanajuato. The taxon is related toB. multiflora H.B.K., known from central and southern Mexico.

     

Barnebya,A new genus of Malpighiaceae from Brazil

The new genusBarnebya is described and illustrated and its systematic position in the Malpighiaceae is discussed, especially its similarity in some respects to the primitive subfamily Byrsonimoideae and in other respects to the Old World genusAcridocarpus. Two species are recognized,B. dispar comb. nov. andB. harleyi sp. nov.; these are described and illustrated and a key is provided for their distinction.     

Different non-host resistance responses of two rice subspecies,japonica and indica,to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Key message

Japonica and indica have different non-host resistance (NHR) abilities to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ( Pst ), and hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) has a positive function in NHR to japonica against Pst.

Abstract

Non-host interactions between Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) and two rice subspecies were characterized using 23 rice varieties, including 11 japonica and 12 indica. Results showed that the infected fungal structures were easily produced in the leaves of indica, whereas only several substomatal vesicles and primary infection hyphae were observed in the leaves of japonica. This result indicated that indica is less resistant or more susceptible to Pst than japonica. Hydrogen peroxide accumulated in the initial phase of japonica–Pst interaction but not in indica–Pst interaction. A set of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes was also induced in response to Pst infection, suggesting that ROS activation is one of the major mechanisms of non-host resistance of rice to Pst.     

Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on west Indian hypnaceae

Taxonomic investigations on the West Indian Hypnaceae have resulted in the following new taxa,Taxiphyllum gallorum, Ectropothecium aquaticum, andIrelandia (forIsopterygium robusticaule). Vesicularia in the West Indies is treated as a single species with four varieties,V. vesicularis var.vesicularis, var.rutilans (Brid.) comb. nov., var.portoricensis (Brid.) comb. nov., and var.crassicaulis (Mitt.) comb. nov.Chryso-hypnum is segregated fromMittenothamnium; the combinationC. diminutivum (Hampe) Buck is made.     

Notes on endangered buckwheats (Eriogonum: Polygonaceae) with three newly described from the western United States

Three unnamed buckwheats listed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in December 1980 as potentially endangered or threatened plants are formally proposed:E. crosbyae from Lake Co., Oregon;E. grande var.dunklei from San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Co., California; andE. ovalifolium var.williamsiae from Washoe Co., Nevada. Several other species proposed by the Fish and Wildlife Service as potentially endangered or threatened (E. allenii, E. correllii, E. eremicum, E. floridanum, E. lemmonii, E. sp./sp. nov. ined. [=E.libertini], E. tumulosum, E. umbellatum var./var. nov. ined.,E. umbellatum var.minus, E. vestitum, andE. zionis var.coccineum) are discussed and evidence is given why they cannot be considered endangered or threatened under the present Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.     

New taxa of Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae from Bahia,Brazil

Brodriguesia santosii, gen. & sp. nov., from the coastal rain forest of Bahia, is described, illustrated and compared with nearly related genera of the tribe Detarieae. In addition, three new species, Arapatiella emarginata (the second species of the genus), Swartzia oblata, S. pinheiroana and one new variety, Goniorrhachis marginata var. bahiana, are presented.     

A preliminary account of colura (Hepaticae,Lejeuneaceae) in Australia

Four species of Colura not previously reported from Australia are: C. acroloba (Mont.) Jovet-Ast, C. ari Steph., C. conica (Sande Lac.) Goeb., and Colura queenslandica sp. nov. A key to all ten species occurring in Australia is provided. Saccate lobules of C. simplicior are described and illustrated for the first time. The name Colura sect. Lingua Jovet-Ast ex Thiers is validated.     

Nomenclatural changes in Polygonum section Echinocaulon (Polygonaceae)

As a result of comprehensive systematic study onPolygonum sectionEchinocaulon, three new nomenclatural changes are made:P. clarkei stat. et nom. nov.,P. subsagittatum stat. nov., andP. senticosum var.sagittifolium stat. nov.     

Morphologic variation and classification of the North American Aristida purpurea complex (Gramineae)

The morphology of the Purpureae Group of North AmericanAristida is assessed by principal components and statistical analyses. Long considered a complex of about eight species, a mosaic of intergrading phenetic forms is revealed and the complex is reduced to one species with seven varieties. The taxa that are recognized areAristida purpurea var.purpurea, var.nealleyi (comb. nov.), var.curvifolia (comb. nov.), var.parishii (comb. nov.), var.wrightii (comb. nov.), var.fendleriana, and var.longiseta. A key and synopses for the varieties are provided.     

Four new species of Smilax (Smilacaceae) from southeastern Asia

Described as new areSmilax biumbellata of the affinity ofS. nervomarginata,S. siamensis of the affinity of 5.perfoliata, and two others inSmilax sect.Macranthae:S. inversa andS. pachysandroides.Smilax inversa (characterized by strongly deflexed leaves and inflorescences on zigzag stems) andS. pachysandroides (with subsessile leaves on low simple stems) show no close resemblance to any previously known species of the section.     

A revision of the genus Oxytheca Nutt. (Polygonaceae)

The genusOxytheca of western North America and temperate South America consists of seven species which are keyed, described, discussed, illustrated, and mapped. They are divided among sect.Oxytheca, sect.Acanthoscyphus stat. & comb. nov., and sect.Neoxytheca sect. nov.Oxytheca dendroidea subsp.chilensis is given as a new combination, whileO. parishii var.cienegensis andO. parishii var.goodmaniana are described as new. The history and relationships of the genus are discussed. It is retained as distinct fromEriogonum and is thought to have arisen from the larger genus nearE. spergulinum, E. parishii, andE. apiculatum in subgenusGanysma. Cytological data indicatedn= 20.     

Novel Macrocyclic Monoterpene Glycosides from Bioactive Extract of Parkinsonia aculeata L

Five novel macrocyclic monoterpene O-glycosides, parkinsenes A–E (1–5), and eleven known phenolic metabolites including three 3-O-glycosylflavonols (6–8), five C-glycosylflavones (9–13), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (14), esculetin (15), and diosmetin (16) were isolated from the leaves and small twigs of Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Fabaceae). Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic analyses (UV, ESI–MS, and 1D/2D NMR). The investigated 80 % aqueous methanol extract (AME) showed significant analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, and antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner using two different doses 250 and 500 mg/kg b. wt.     

New taxa and nomenclatural changes in arceuthobium (viscaceae)

The following new taxa are recognized inArceuthobium: subgeneraArceuthobium andVaginata; sectionsVaginata, Campylopoda, andMinuta; seriesCampylopoda,Rubra, andStricta; speciesA. apachecum,A. californicum,A. guatemalense,A. hondurense, andA. pini; new formae spécialesA. abietinum f. sp.concoloris,A. abietinum f. sp.magnificae. New combinations:A. abietinum (Engelm.) Hawksworth & Wiens, andA. microcarpum (Engelm.) Hawksworth & Wiens.     

Dion tomasellii (Zamiaceae), a new species with two varieties from western Mexico

Dion tomasellii sp. nov. occurs with an interrupted distribution from Guerrero to central Sonora. It is characterized by falcate to subfalcate leaflets. The populations from Sonora and northern Sinaloa are segregated asD. tomasellii var.sonorense on the basis of their narrower and glaucous leaflets.     

Oxidation and reduction of sulfite contribute to susceptibility and detoxification of SO2 in Populus × canescens leaves

Key Message

The critical level for SO ₂ susceptibility of Populus × canescens is approximately 1.2 μL L ^?1 SO ₂ . Both sulfite oxidation and sulfite reduction and assimilation contribute to SO ₂ detoxification.

Abstract

In the present study, uptake, susceptibility and metabolism of SO₂ were analyzed in the deciduous tree species poplar (Populus × canescens). A particular focus was on the significance of sulfite oxidase (SO) for sulfite detoxification, as SO has been characterized as a safety valve for SO₂ detoxification in herbaceous plants. For this purpose, poplar plants were exposed to different levels of SO₂ (0.65, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 μL L^?1) and were characterized by visible injuries and at the physiological level. Gas exchange parameters (stomatal conductance for water vapor, CO₂ assimilation, SO₂ uptake) of the shoots were compared with metabolite levels (sulfate, thiols) and enzyme activities [SO, adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductase (APR)] in expanding leaves (80–90 % expanded). The critical dosage of SO₂ that confers injury to the leaves was 1.2 μL L^?1 SO₂. The observed increase in sulfur containing compounds (sulfate and thiols) in the expanding leaves strongly correlated with total SO₂ uptake of the plant shoot, whereas SO₂ uptake rate was strongly correlated with stomatal conductance for water vapor. Furthermore, exposure to high concentration of SO₂ revealed channeling of sulfite through assimilatory sulfate reduction that contributes in addition to SO-mediated sulfite oxidation to sulfite detoxification in expanding leaves of this woody plant species.     

A new giant egg-laying onychophoran (Peripatopsidae) reveals evolutionary and biogeographical aspects of Australian velvet worms

Representatives of Ooperipatellus (Peripatopsidae) are among the smallest onychophorans known, commonly varying between 10 and 20 mm in length. Herein, we present a peculiar new species of Ooperipatellus from Tasmania that can exceed twice the length of other representatives of this taxon. Ooperipatellus nickmayeri sp. nov. is comprehensively described based on morphological, molecular, karyological and slime protein profile data. Morphological analyses expose a set of novel features in this species, including a swollen area covered with a modified integument on the posterior border of the male genital pad, modified papillae on the female ovipositor and the presence of pseudoplicae in the dorsal integument. The evolutionary significance of pseudoplicae remains unclear, but similarities between O. nickmayeri sp. nov. and Plicatoperipatus jamaicensis, the only species from which these structures were previously known, suggest they evolved due to functional constraints of the onychophoran integument. Our karyological investigation further revealed that the new species has the largest karyotype known within Peripatopsidae (2n = 50, XY). Finally, the results of our molecular phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of O. nickmayeri sp. nov. and shed light on previously unclear aspects of the biogeographical history of Ooperipatellus in Southern Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand.     

New and reconsidered species of tropical American Melastomataceae

Two species of berry-fruited Melastomataceae are described as new: Blakea unguiculata from the Caribbean lowlands of Panama, and Miconia mcphersonii from the Caribbean lowlands of Panama and lowland forests on the western slope of the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. Discussions, distributional data, diagnostic illustrations, and a conservation assessment are provided for each of the new species. Meriania hoyosii, comb. nov. and M. compressicaulis , nom. nov. are proposed to effect the transfer of two species of Adelobotrys (A. hoyosii and A. panamensis respectively) to the genus Meriania. A revised key to the Mesoamerican species of Meriania is also provided.