Three new species of Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae) from Venezuelan Guayana

Three new species ofDalechampia are described from the Guayanan region of Venezuela.Dalechampia attenuistylus belongs to sectionRhopalostylis and may be most closely related toD. parvibracteata Lanj.Dalechampia megacarpa belongs to sectionDioscoreifoliae, although it is not especially close to any species in the section.Dalechampia papillistigma is also an isolated member of sectionDioscoreifolieae.     

Three new species of Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae) from Brazil

Dalechampia fernandesii, from Ceará, belongs to sectionTiliifoliae and is related toD. affinis andD. tiliifolia.Dalechampia armbrusteri, of subsectionDalechampia, from Bahia, is close toD. brownsbergensis of Suriname but has well developed resiniferous bractlets.Dalechampia viridissima, from Bahia and Espírito Santo, is an isolated species with the 3-lobed leaves of species in sectionDalechampia subsectionDalechampia but the reduced indumentum and greenish bracts of species in sectionTriphyllae.     

Five new species of calea (Compositae: Heliantheae) from planaltine Brazil

Described from the Planalto of Brazil are:Calea quadrifolia, C. heteropappa, andC. abbreviata of sectionMeyeria,C. intermedia of sectionLemmatium, andC. lutea of sectionCalea. The relationships of each are discussed and a key to the nearest relatives of each is provided. Additionally, all butC. intermedia are illustrated.     

Chrysothamnus eremobius (Asteraceae): A new species from Nevada

Chrysothamnus eremobius, endemic to mountains of southern Nevada, is formally described and illustrated. Morphological and anatomical comparisons are made to related taxa. The new species has many features likePetradoria discoidea (=C. gramineus). Although it bears some similarity toC. depressus andC. vaseyi of sectionPulchelli, C. eremobius is better placed in sectionChrysothamnus nearC. viscidiflorus.     

Eupatorium steelei (Asteraceae), a new species from the southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern U.S.A.

Eupatorium steelei, endemic to the southern Appalachian Mountains, is described, illustrated, and discussed. It clearly belongs to sectionVerticillata, where it is most closely related toE. purpureum.     

Studies in the cyperaceae of Thailand

Ten species ofCarex and one species ofKobresia from Thailand are taxonomically discussed, and some new range extensions into Thailand are noted. Described as new areCarex subinclinata andC. thailandica, both belonging to the sectionIndicae, andC. speciosa ssp.latifolia of the sectionRadicales. Two new combinations proposed areCarex helferi ssp.mapanifolia, andC. speciosa ssp.platyrhina.     

Euphorbia aaron-rossii (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Marble and Grand Canyons of the Colorado River,Arizona

The new species,Euphorbia aaron-rossii from along the Colorado River within the inner gorge of Marble Canyon and Grand Canyon, Coconino Co., Arizona, is described, mapped, and illustrated. Scanning electron micrographs of the seed coat are included. It clearly belongs to subgenusAgaloma sectionTithymalopsis, where it is most closely related toE. wrightii.     

A cyto-evolutional study of Campanumoea Blume (Campanulaceae) and a possible pathway for secondary karyotype formation

Campanumoea is a small genus in the family Campanulaceae, with species divided into sections Campanumoea and Cyclocodon. Sixteen accessions from Campanumoea and related genera native to China were used to study their karyotype. The results showed that chromosome characteristics were different between the two sections. For Campanumoea, the karyotypic formula was 2n = 2X = 2m + 12sm + 2st = 16,3A and for Cyclocodon it was 2n = 2X = 6m + 12sm = 18,3B. These data, combined with chromosomal length characteristics, support the restoration of section Cyclocodon as a genus. However, the incorporation of section Campanumoea into Codonopsis requires more evidence. Comparison of chromosomal length and haploid set length revealed that chromosomal segment rearrangements occurred within sections of Campanumoea and between genera, with the difference within sections being greater than that between genera. Therefore, chromosomal segment rearrangements are present in Campanulaceae, implying that chromosomal segment rearrangement plays an important role in the evolution of diversity in Campanulaceae. By comparing the chromosomal characteristic in section Campanumoea and the genus Adenophora, we concluded that the secondary chromosome type such as n = 17, 18 would be derived by autopolyploidization of n = 9, and by chromosome fusion.     

Molecular evidence does not support the current division of Orthotrichum subgenus Gymnoporus

Eight Orthotrichum species of subgenus Gymnoporus were compared using the internally transcribed spacer regions-1 and -2 and the chloroplast trnH-psbA region. A phylogenetic analysis did not reflect the current division of this subgenus into sections Affinia and Leiocarpa. The investigated sequences revealed a close relationship between O. striatum, a typical species of section Leiocarpa and O. affine, a typical species of section Affinia. An easily distinguishable group was formed by samples of the dioecious O. lyellii, placed into section Leiocarpa. A large number of fixed differences between O. lyellii and other species of subgenus Gymnoporus raises doubts concerning its position within this subgenus. No marker mutations enabling to differentiate O. fastigiatum from O. affine have been found. In absence of such mutations for O. affine and O. striatum, the status of O. fastigiatum cannot be determined unambiguously.     

A reconsideration of Ada and the glumaceous brassias (Orchidaceae)

The genusAda (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) consists of eight species of epiphytes distributed from Nicaragua to Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. The two sections of the genusBrassia are compared, and the sectionGlumaceae is transferred toAda. Ada, the glumaceous brassias, andMesospinidium are compared, and it is suggested thatAda (in the broad sense) andMesospinidium are distinct but closely related genera.     

A new species of Coreopsis section Pseudoagarista (Asteraceae) from Mexico

Coreopsis queretarensis, a new species from northeastern Mexico belonging to sectionPseudoagarista, is described and illustrated. It is closely related toC. mevaughii of Nueva Galicia but is readily distinguished by leaf shape, involucral bracts, and details of corolla.     

Penstemon pinorum (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Utah

Penstemon pinorum, from the Pine Valley Mountains of southwestern Utah, is described and illustrated. It is compared morphologically and ecologically to other members of sectionCristati.     

A new species of Carex from Chiapas,Mexico

Carex chiapensis, sectionFecundae, from Zontehuitz, municipio de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, is described as new.     

New species of Cuphea section Melvilla (Lythraceae) and an annotated key to the section

Three novelties inCuphea sectionMelvilla subsect.Pachycalyx are described from Brazil;C. andersonii andC. cylindracea from Pará, andC. sabulosa from Amazonas. An annotated key to the 47 species ofCuphea sectionMelvilla is provided, the first since the 1903 monograph of the family, which then included 27 species in the section. The key identifies those species ofCuphea with thick, dorsally convex, red- or yellow-tubed flowers distributed from Mexico to Argentina.     

A new species of Aspidosperma Mart. (Apocynaceae) from Bahia, Brazil

A new species,Aspidosperma thomasii, collected in the vicinity of Uruçuca is described. It belongs to subgenusAspidosperma sectionAspidosperma and is closely related to theA. parvifolium A. DC. group.     

Two new species ofInocybe, sectionMarginatae (Agaricales, Cortinariaceae) from Japan

Two new species of the sectionMarginatae are described, namely,Inocybe populea sp. nov. andI. leptoclada sp. nov., from western Japan and eastern Japan, respectively.Inocybe leptoclada is assigned to sectionMarginatae, even though it lacks a marginate bulb.Inocybe populea is placed in the sectionMarginatae because of the presence of a marginate (often indistinct) bulbous base of stipe and the caulocystidia throughout. The discoveries ofI. leptoclada andI. populea provide further evidence that sectionMarginatae and sectionInocybe [=Cortinatae] are poorly defined.     

A new Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae) from Cerro Pirre,Panama

While preparing a treatment of the genusRhynchospora forFlora Mesoamericana, a new species from Cerro Pirre was discovered.Rhynchospora pirrensis, described and illustrated here, can be distinguished from other species in sectionPaniculatae by its long, broad, mostly basal leaves and its punctatepapillose achenes. A key to all the broad-leaved species of that section is provided.     

Studies on Middle American begonia (Begoniaceae) II

Begonia breedlovei, B. chiapensis, andB. jaliscana, new species in sectionGireoudia from Mexico, are described, illustrated, and discussed.