RuDP与RuBP

在光合作用碳同化过程中,卡尔文——本森循环中的CO_2受体——1,5-二磷酸核酮糖的英文缩写符号长期以来一直是用RuDP(ribulose dipbosphate)。但近年来,特别是最近几年的英文文献中,RuDP几乎已全部为RuBP(ribulose bisphosphate)所替代。这一更改在国内许多文献中造成了一种本来不应有的紊乱:有的用RuDP,有的采用RuBP,有的甚至二者交替使用。这是因为不明白为什么要作这种更改。应当说,这种更改是非常必要的。因为按照化学结构,dipbosphate(例如ADP)是指第二个磷酸在第一个     

大豆叶片RuBP含量测定及其应用

RuBP(1,5-二磷酸核酮糖)是植物光合碳代谢的重要中间产物。经RuBPCase/Oase的催化,RuBP可与CO_2羧化,行光合碳还原途径(C_3环);也可与O_2作用,行光合碳氧化循环(C_2环)。植物光合器官中RuBP含量可调节和影响光合,光呼吸的强弱,改变Calvin循环的运转状况。因此,测定植物光合器官中的RuBP含量在光合与光呼吸研究中具有重要意义。     

一种测定RuBP加氧酶化学发光反应的方法

最近Mogel和McFadden报道:将Mn~(2 )活化菠菜的RubisCO后,其加氧酶的催化反应过程中可产生化学发光,并且证明这种化学发光是由于RuBP加氧酶反应过程中产生的单线态氧所致。实验的原理是:RuBP加氧酶反应过程中首先是底物RuBP的烯醇化,     

Characterization of a murine thymic CD4+ T cell subset-TCRαβ+ 3G11− 6C10− CD4+ CD8− thymocytes

The presence of a relatively mature CD4⁺ CD8⁻ (SP) T cell subset in mouse thymus has been demonstrated. Composing of 10% of total CD4SP thymocytes, this subset is defined by the absence of 3G11 and 6C10 expression with a phenotype of CD69^+/−, HSA^med/lo and heterogeneous for Qa-2 expression. The proliferation capability of TCRαβ⁺ 3Gl l⁻ 6C10⁻ CD4⁺ CD8⁻ thymocytes was high while using Con A stimulus. And Con A stimulation could result in secretion of IL4, IL-10, IL-6 and a little amount of IFNγ. IL-2 was barely detectable. This is distinct from typical Th0 type cytokines. The cells of this subset were NK1.1 negative, but strongly expressed GATA-3 mRNA. The results suggest that the CD4⁺ subset of 3G11⁻ 6C10⁻ NK1.1⁻ phenotype possesses immunocompetent cells with functions characteristic of Th2-like cytokines, which may indicate the cells at transitional status from Th0 to Th2, with a propensity to Th2.     

RuBP羧化酶/加氧酶:性质与结构(英文)

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO, EC 4,1,1,39) catalyzes the condensation of carbon dioxide and RuBP to form two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. In addition, RubisCO has an oxygenase activity whereby oxygen is added to RuBP to yield one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate and one molecule of 2-phosphoglycolate, the major substrate for photorespiration. It plays a key role in both photosynthetic     

一种高比活性菠菜RuBP羧化酶的纯化方法

以前,我们曾报道过一种纯化菠菜RuBP羧化酶的方法。但用该法提纯的酶的比活性较低。为此,我们又采用一种免除     

Short-term carbon-isotope discrimination in C3−C4 intermediate species

Short-term discrimination in assimilation of stable isotopes of carbon was measured for leaves of the C₃ speciesPhaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Hawkesbury Wonder andFlaveria pringlei Gandoger, the C₄ speciesAmaranthus edulis Speg., and the C₃–C₄ intermediate speciesPanicum milioides Nees ex. Trin,Flaveria floridana Johnson, andFlaveria anomala B.L. Robinson. Discriminations in the C₃ and C₄ species were similar to those expected from theoretical considerations. When ambient CO₂ pressure was 330 bar the mean discriminations in the C₃ species andPanicum milioides were similar, whereas the mean discriminations inF. floridana andF. anomala were less than discrimination in C₃ species andPanicum milioides. When ambient CO₂ pressure was 100 bar the mean discriminations inPanicum milioides andF. anomala were greater, and that inF. floridana was less, than that inPhaseolus vulgaris. We conclude that the pattern of discrimination inPanicum milioides is consistent with the presence of a glycine shuttle; inF. floridana andF. anomala, discrimination is consistent with the presence of a C₄ pathway coupled with the operation of a glycine shuttle.Abbreviations and symbols PEP phosphoenolpyruvate - Rubisco ribulose, 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39) - p _a ambient CO₂ pressure - p _i intercellular CO₂ pressure - carbon-isotope discrimination - carbonisotope composition relative to PeeDee Belemnite     

NH4 + and NO3 − requirement for wheat somatic embryogenesis

The influence of three nitrogen salts: NH₄NO₃, KNO₃ and NH₄Cl on wheat in vitro cultures was investigated. Both NO ₃ ⁻ and NH ₄ ⁺ ions were indispensable for proliferation of embryogenic calli and development of wheat somatic embryos. It is possible to obtain wheat somatic embryos when the medium is enriched with NH₄NO₃ only as a source of inorganic nitrogen. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the level of NH₄NO₃ and KNO₃ in the medium had a great influence on the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis. We observed tendency that calli on media containing 50 mM NH₄NO₃ and 0 to 20 mM KNO₃ turned out to be more embryogenic than on control MS medium. High concentrations of KNO₃- 100 mM inhibited somatic embryogenesis, while 100 mM NH₄NO₃ did not. The level of total N did not have significant influence on wheat somatic embryogenesis. Ratio NO ₃ ⁻ :NH ₄ ⁺ also turned out to be not substantial. We observed that mutual connection of concentration levels between NH₄NO₃ and KNO₃ and between NH₄Cl and KNO₃ was more important. The efficiency of somatic embriogenesis obtained in the experiment with NH₄Cl and KNO₃ was significantly lower than in experiment with NH₄NO₃ and KNO₃.     

Photosynthetic/photorespiratory characteristics of C3−C4 intermediate species

The extent of photorespiration, the inhibition of apparent photosynthesis (APS) by 21% O₂, and the leaf anatomical and ultrastructural features of the naturally occurring C₃–C₄ intermediate species in the diverse Panicum, Moricandia, and Flaveria genera are between those features of representative C₃ and C₄ plants. The greatest differences between the photosynthetic/photorespiratory CO₂ exchange characteristics of the C₃–C₄ intermediates and C₃ plants occur for the parameters which are measured at low pCO₂ (i.e., the CO₂ compensation concentration and rates of CO₂ evolution into CO₂-free air in the light). The rates of APS by the intermediate species at atmospheric pCO₂ are similar to those of C₃ plants.The mechanisms which are responsible for reducing photorespiration in the C₃–C₄ intermediate species are poorly understood, but two proposals have been advanced. One emphasizes the importance of limited C₄ photosynthesis which reduces O₂ fixation by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, and, thus, reduces photorespiration by a CO₂-concentrating mechanism, while the other emphasizes the importance of the internal recycling of photorespiratory CO₂ evolved from the chloroplast/mitochondrion-containing bundle-sheath cells. There is no evidence from recent studies that limited C₄ photosynthesis is responsible for reducing photorespiration in the intermediate Panicum and Moricandia species. However, preliminary results suggest that some, but not all, of the intermediate Flaveria species may possess a limited C₄ cycle. The importance of a chlorophyllous bundle-sheath layer in the leaves of intermediate Panicum and Moricandia species in a mechanism based on the recycling of photorespiratory CO₂ is uncertain.Therefore, although they have yet to be clearly delineated, different strategies appear to exist in the C₃–C₄ intermediate group to reduce photorespiration. Of major importance is the finding that some mechanism(s) other than Crassulacean acid metabolism or C₄ photosynthesis has (have) evolved in at least the majority of these terrestrial intermediate species to reduce the seemingly wasteful metabolic process of photorespiration.Abbreviations APS apparent (net) photosynthesis - CAM Crassulacean acid metabolism - CE carboxylation efficiency - T CO₂ compensation concentration - IRGA infrared gas analysis - P_i orthophosphate - PEP phosphoenolpyruvate - RuBP ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate Published as Paper No. 7383, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station.     

河西走廊芦苇在不同盐渍生境中RuBP羧化酶的比较研究

对不同盐渍生境中芦苇的ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶结构的研究表明,不同类型芦苇的ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶大、小亚基分子量相同,但盐化草甸芦苇和过渡地带芦苇与沼泽芦苇相比,ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶的亲水氨基酸相对含量增加,疏水氨基酸相对含量降低,酶分子被ＰＣＭＢ滴定的ＳＨ基数亦显著减少．表明芦苇的ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶结构发生了变化,反映出该酶有基因表达的环境适应．     

菠菜二磷酸核酮糖(RuBP)羧化酶简化提纯研究

菠菜叶粗提液在50～70℃下进行不同温度保温试验,观察到菠菜RuBP羧化酶在60℃以下都是稳定的,而其他不少蛋白在50℃热处理时就急剧变性沉淀。在不同pH条件下60℃加热10分钟,RuBP羧化酶在pH6.8～9均影响不大,低于pH6.8其他蛋白绝大部分变性沉淀,在pH6.8以上,其他蛋白的残存含量随pH升高而增加。故分离提纯RuBP羧化酶时,选定菠菜叶匀浆热处理的最适条件:pH为6.8,温度为60℃保温10分钟。然后于2500g离心10分钟,上清液于35～45％饱和度硫酸铵分部沉淀,再经Sephadex G-50和G-200柱层析可达到纯化。     

The clinical importance of CD4+CD7− in human diseases

The CD7 antigen is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that expresses on the surface of all thymocytes, a majority of mature T cells, and also natural killer cells. Interestingly, under physiological and different pathological conditions, the loss of CD7 antigen occurred in the subset of CD4⁺ memory T cells. Various functions have been proposed for CD7, including its role in the activation and intercellular adhesiveness of T cells. Several studies indicate that the number of CD4⁺CD7⁻ T cells increases in diseases such as chronic inflammation and T-cell malignancies, these being skin inflammatory lesions. Therefore, this can be useful for the diagnosis of cancer cells, especially with reference to blood origin, treatment monitoring, and establishment of new therapies. Therefore, a comprehensive review could be useful to increase our knowledge about the clinical importance of these cells in human disease.     

The kinetics of NH4 + and NO3 − uptake by Douglas fir from single N-solutions and from solutions containing both NH4 + and NO3 −

The kinetics of NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ⁻ uptake in young Douglas fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) were studied in solutions, containing either one or both N species. Using solutions containing a single N species, the V_max of NH₄ ⁺ uptake was higher than that of NO₃ ⁻ uptake. The K_m of NH₄ ⁺ uptake and K_m of NO₃ ⁻ uptake differed not significantly. When both NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ⁻ were present, the V_max for NH₄ ⁺ uptake became slightly higher, and the K_m for NH₄ ⁺ uptake remained in the same order. Under these conditions the NO₃ ⁻ uptake was almost totally inhibited over the whole range of concentrations used (10–1000 μM total N). This inhibition by NH₄ ⁺ occurred during the first two hours after addition. ei]{gnA C}{fnBorstlap}