Notes on the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Inocybe</Emphasis> of Japan. IV. Species having metuloids collected from Hokkaido,Honshu, and Kyushu

This fourth paper in the series considers five species of Inocybe occurring in Hokkaido, Honshu, and Kyushu. (1) Inocybe furfurea (section Tardae) is recorded from Hokkaido as new to Japan. (2) Inocybe luteola sp. nov. (section Tardae) is described from eastern Honshu (Chiba). It has smooth basidiospores and thick-walled caulocystidia descending to the middle of the stipe. (3) Inocybe napiformis sp. nov. [section Inocybe (= Cortinatae)], known from Hokkaido, appears close to Inocybe napipes, but characters of the metuloids distinguish the two species. (4) Inocybe grammata (section Marginatae) is recorded from Hokkaido and Nagano as new to Japan. (5) Inocybe pyriformis sp. nov. (section Marginatae) is described from Kyushu (Miyazaki). It has nodulose basidiospores and caulocystidia wholly covering the stipe surface. However, I. pyriformis is not typical in the section, lacking a marginate bulbous base in its stipe.     

Diversity patterns of fungivorous insects: comparison between glaciated vs. refugial boreal forests

Aim The aim of this study was to compare diversity patterns of insect communities associated with the wood‐decaying Fomitopsis fungi in north‐east (NE) Asia and Fennoscandia. We hypothesized that the diversity of the fungal–insect communities is greater in NE Asia, because the region was one of the largest refugia of boreal species during the last Pleistocene glaciation. Location This study was conducted in boreal forests in NE People's Republic of China, and in south‐central Finland. Methods Fruiting bodies of three Fomitopsis species were collected from the field in order to rear the insects inhabiting the fruiting bodies. Taxonomic uniqueness, diversity and food web structure of the insect assemblages were analysed using hierarchical cluster analysis, diversity indices and analyses of food web compartmentalization, respectively. Results Contrary to the expectations, the richness of families, genera and species was greater in Finland than in NE China. This applied for the overall Fomitopsis‐associated insect assemblage, as well as for the fungal species separately. The taxonomic composition at the level of families and genera was similar between the two regions. The level of monophagy was higher in Finland and the food web was divided into compartments corresponding to the two Fomitopsis species. Main conclusion The often‐suggested higher diversity in refugial areas does not apply for all taxa in boreal forests, such as fungivorous insects associated with Fomitopsis fungi.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cortinarius</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Orellani</Emphasis> from Japan

Cortinarius breviradicatus sp. nov., found in deciduous forests, is described and illustrated from Niigata, Japan. It is characterized by its medium-sized to large dark brown basidiocarp, acutely conical pileus, and rooting stipe, and by subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. In addition, the extracting solution from its basidiocarps exhibits a strong fluorescence around 400–430 nm in ultraviolet radiation (250 nm), which was observed in a species of Cortinarius sect. Orellani. The new species belongs to the section Orellani. The differences between the new taxon and similar species are briefly discussed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Strobilomyces verruculosus</Emphasis> sp. nov. from Japan

A new species, Strobilomyces verruculosus, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically distinct from other species of Strobilomyces by having a verruculose pileus with small subpyramidal scales, a long and thick stipe with small warty to appressed scales, subdecurrent tubes, and incompletely reticulate basidiospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 3 (cox3) gene support that it belongs to the genus Strobilomyces and is highly differentiated from the other members of this genus found in Japan.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gymnopilus</Emphasis> Sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microspori</Emphasis> from Japan

Gymnopilus ombrophilus sp. nov., growing on rotten wood of conifers and hardwoods from Niigata, Japan is described and illustrated. It is characterized by its medium-sized, brownish-orange basidiocarps with a finely squamulose pileus, stipe lacking an annulus, and mild taste, and microscopically by dextrinoid, small, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. The new species belongs to the section Microspori. The differences between the taxon and similar species are briefly discussed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Exobasidium dubium</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. miyabei</Emphasis> sp. nov. causing Exobasidium leaf blisters on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhododendron </Emphasis>spp. in Japan

 Two Exobasidium species causing Exobasidium leaf blister on Rhododendron spp. are described. An Exobasidium leaf blister on Rhododendron yedoense var. yedoense f. yedoense has been recognized in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, since the first report was issued in 1950. The causal fungus is identified with Exobasidium dubium from the morphology of its hymenial structure and mode of germination of the basidiospores. Another Exobasidium leaf blister on Rhododendron dauricum has been observed in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. In comparison with morphology based on hymenial structure and mode of germination of the basidiospores of the 100 validly described taxa, this fungus differs from those known taxa in the size of basidia and basidiospores, the numbers of sterigmata and septa of basidiospores, and the mode of germination of basidiospores. Thus, a new species, Exobasidium miyabei, is established and illustrated. Received: February 13, 2002 / Accepted: September 25, 2002  Present address: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan Acknowledgments We profoundly appreciate the cooperation of Dr. V. Melnik in providing Russian papers and Dr. L. Vasilyeva for translating them into English. We thank Prof. H. Takahashi for loaning the materials in the Herbarium of the Hokkaido University Museum and Dr. W. Abe, Graduate School of Science, University of Hokkaido, for his kind help with the sampling of R. dauricum in Teshikaga, Hokkaido Prefecture. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (No. 13460019), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). Contribution No. 171, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba. Correspondence to:M. Kakishima     

Three new species of Inonotus (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetaceae) from China

Three new species of Inonotus are described and illustrated. Inonotus acutus sp. nov. is characterized by having small, thin basidiocarps with a strongly contracted base, a sharp and undulate pileus margin, ventricose hymenial setae, and ellipsoid, yellowish to yellow-brown, slightly thick-walled basidiospores. Inonotus chrysomarginatus sp. nov. differs in having an annual to perennial growth habit, pileate basidiocarps with a distinctly yellowish buff to golden-yellow margin, distinct setal hyphae and hooked hymenial setae, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, pale yellowish, slightly thick-walled and weakly cyanophilous basidiospores. Inonotus rigidus sp. nov. is distinguished by its resupinate and hard rigid basidiocarps, the honey-yellow pore surface, and smaller pores; microscopically, it has ellipsoid, yellowish brown and thick-walled basidiospores, and lacks both setal hyphae and hymenial setae. An identification key to the Chinese species of Inonotus sensu stricto is provided.     

Two new polypores from tropical China, and renaming two species of Polyporus and Phellinus

Two new polypores, Inonotus canaricola sp. nov. and Skeletocutis substellae sp. nov., are described. Both of them were found in Hainan, tropical China. I. canaricola is distinct from other species in the genus by bearing a black cuticle at the upper surface, presence of hyphoid setae in the trama and hooked hymenial setae, and having yellowish brown and subglobose to globose basidiospores. S. substellae is very similar to S. stellae but differs from the latter by swollen skeletal hyphae in potassium hytrochloride (KOH) and smaller basidiospores. In addition, Polyporus rhododendri is renamed as P. taibaiensis, because the previous name was illegitimate. A new combination, Phellinus yunnanensis, is proposed.     

Phellinus setifer sp. nov. andP. acontextus, two noteworthy polypores from temperate areas of Japan, with notes on their allies

Type examination ofTrametes gilvoides revealed that it is distinct from the fungus hitherto known asPhellinus gilvoides in Japan.Phellinus setifer sp. nov. is described for the Japanese materials. This species is characterized by effusedreflexed basidiocarps with strigose pileus surface, often dentate dissepiments, subulate setae, and cylindrical basidiospores.Phellinus acontextus, known only from the type material collected in Nepal, is newly reported from Japan. This species is characterized by sessile and often pendent basidiocarps with multisulcate pileus surface, very thin context, lack of setae, and dark-colored basidiospores. Cultural characters of the two species are also described.Phellinus acifer comb. nov. is proposed.Phellinus contiguus andP. ferreus are newly reported from Japan.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomentella furcata</Emphasis>, a new species from Benin (West Africa) with basidia forming internal hyphae

In this study, a new tropical African resupinate thelephoroid species, namely Tomentella furcata, is described. Microscopically, it is characterised by mostly simple septate and thick-walled (1–2 μm) subicular and subhymenial hyphae, suburniform basidia with transverse septa and/or infrequently with an internal hypha, large sterigmata of 2–4 μm at base, and distinctly yellow, subglobose to globose basidiospores (both in frontal and lateral view) with long (1–2 μm) and dense, simple or forked spines. Phylogenetically, T. furcata falls within terminal clades of investigated Tomentella species. We discuss ornamentation types of basidiospores for discrimination of resupinate thelepohoroid genera and confirm the limitation of ornament bifurcation as a diagnostic feature of Pseudotomentella. Anatomical dissimilarities between T. furcata and close species are given. Taxonomical novelty: Tomentella furcata Yorou & Agerer.     

Morphological and molecular evidences for a new species of Lignosus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from tropical China

Lignosus hainanensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated on the basis of collections originating from tropical forest in Hainan Province, southern China. Both the morphology and phylogeny support this new species. It is characterized by its centrally stipitate basidiocarps arising from a distinct sclerotium, yellowish brown to cinnamon-brown pileal surface, cream to cream-buff pore surface, trimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and oblong ellipsoid to cylindrical basidiospores. Lignosus hainanensis may be confused with L. rhinocerus, also occurring in southern China, but L. rhinocerus can be distinguished by its smaller pores (6–8 per mm) and smaller and distinctly broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (4–5 × 2.8–3 μm).     

Amanita xenokommosis (Agaricales,Basidiomycota), a striking new species from sand dune forest of northeastern Brazil,with a key for phenetically similar species*

Abstract

Amanita is a well established genus corresponding one to the major groups of Agaricales having with a rich systematic story. Several species belonging to this genus were recently reported from Brazil. Recent studies changed drastically its infrageneric classification, recognizing the subgenera Amanita, Amanitina and Lepidella. Within the subg. Amanitina, the ectomycorrhizal species with amyloid basidiospores, appendiculate pileus and stipe base with more globose to subglobose bulb belong to sect. Roanokenses. Amanita xenokommosis belongs to this section and is described here a new species from the Brazilian Coastal Sand Dune. It is characterized by elongate to cylindrical amyloid basidiospores, brown pileus with sharp floccose appendiculate remnants and bulb covered by a large limbate/saccate universal veil. Amanita caojizong, A. manginiana, A. modesta, A. pseudomanginiana and A. pseudoporphyria are similar species, but differ in many aspects, such as basidiospores size, shape of bulb and characteristics of the universal veil.     

Two new species of Steccherinum (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) from Taiwan

Steccherinum cremicolor and S. elongatum are described and illustrated as new species from Taiwan. Steccherinum cremicolor is characterized by strictly resupinate basidiocarps, a fimbriate margin, short spines, generative hyphae dominating in the trama and subiculum, encrusted skeletocystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Steccherinum elongatum has strictly resupinate and membranaceous basidiocarps, bearing fairly long spines, generative hyphae-dominated subiculum, elongated skeletocystidia, and ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Perenniporia</Emphasis> (Polyporales,Basidiomycota) described from southern China based on morphological and molecular characters

A new poroid wood-inhabiting basidiomycete, Perenniporia nanlingensis, collected in Guangdong Province, southern China, is described and illustrated on the basis of three collections. Both the morphology and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA ITS sequences support this new species. Macroscopically, the new species is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with pinkish buff to cinnamon-buff pore surface when dry. Microscopically, it has a trimitic hyphal system, slightly dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal and binding hyphae, and its basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, strongly dextrinoid and cyanophilous, 9.0–9.8 × 5.0–5.9 μm.     

Three new <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomentella</Emphasis> species from West Africa identified by anatomical and molecular data

We used a combination of molecular-phylogenetic inference of 82 ITS rDNA sequences and anatomical approach to describe three new west African thelephoroid species, namely Tomentella afrostuposa, T. guineensis and T. guinkoi. Anatomically, T. afrostuposa is reminiscent of T. stuposa with globose to broadly ellipsoid large basidiospores of 8–14 μm, long aculei of up to 3 μm and prominent apiculi of 2 μm width. Molecular-phylogenetically, it falls within the T. stuposa complex. However, T. afrostuposa deviates by at least 7.80–10.74% from T. stuposa in regard with the ITS rDNA sequences. Tomentella guineensis is characterised by long (up to 85 μm) utriform basidia, the presence of reniform basidiospores in lateral view (up to 9 μm) with aculei not exceeding 1 μm and a strong cyanescent reaction of the subhymenial hyphae and basidia in 2.5% KOH. It forms a sister species of the newly described species Tomentella maroana; however, deviating from the last species by at least 9.75–10.04%. The very short, inflated (up to 14 μm) and thick-walled septate (septa up to 1.5 μm) subhymenial hyphae combined with ellipsoid basidiospores (up to 8 μm) and short aculei not exceeding 0.5 μm characterise Tomentella guinkoi. Anatomically, T. guinkoi recalls T. ellisii. Genetic distance between both species ranges from 12.67 to 13.73% according to ITS rDNA sequences analyses. Tomentella guinkoi forms a sister species of the group composed of T. ellisii, T. hjortstamiana and T. pisoniae. Detailed anatomical comparisons between the newly described species and their close relatives are given.