魔芋葡甘聚糖制备低聚糖及抗氧化研究进展

魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan, KGM)是β-D-吡喃葡萄糖与β-D-吡喃甘露糖通过β-1,4糖苷键连接成的多糖，被广泛应用于食品工业，具有减少、延缓细胞氧化的能力，但高粘度限制了其应用范围和效率。多种理化及生物方法能将KGM降解为魔芋葡甘低聚糖(Konjac glucomannan oligosaccharides, KOGM),降解方法及对应参数直接影响降解效率及KOGM的结构和特性。KOGM不仅粘度低，抗氧化能力也比KGM更优越。KGM和KOGM的抗氧化能力使其在对抗糖尿病、心血管疾病、神经性疾病甚至是癌症等疾病中发挥着重要作用。该文综述了KGM降解制备KOGM的方法，概述了KGM和KOGM的抗氧化研究进展，对KGM和KOGM的未来研究方向进行展望，为KGM和KOGM的多领域应用奠定基础。     

魔芋葡甘低聚糖抗氧化性初步研究

为了检验魔芋葡甘低聚糖抗氧化功能,本文测定了魔芋葡甘低聚糖体外清除自由基及保护DNA氧化损伤能力,并通过连续两周用不同剂量的魔芋葡甘低聚糖灌胃小鼠,检测其对肝脏和血浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱肝肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性的影响。研究结果显示:魔芋葡甘低聚糖对超氧阴离子自由基(.O2-)和羟自由基(.OH)有较好的清除能力,能有效地保护DNA免受羟自由基的损伤,并且能有效地降低肝脏中丙二醛水平,提高肝脏和血浆中SOD、GSH-PX的活性。     

发酵生产魔芋葡甘聚糖酶

目的:探索和了解发酵生产葡甘聚糖酶的最佳条件。方法:在 5L发酵罐上测定不同温度、pH和接种量对发酵的影响,并用正交试验筛选最佳的产酶条件配伍。结果:该菌产生葡甘聚糖酶的条件为接种量 1 0 %,通气量 2 0L h,发酵的前 1 6h温度为 40℃,搅拌速度 2 0 0r min,pH 7 0左右,之后温度调至 5 0℃,搅拌速度 1 0 0r min,pH调至 6. 0左右,添加 0 . 2 5 %的豆油做消泡剂。在这个条件下发酵获得的酶比活力可达 5 0 0 9U mg,总活力达到 1 0 81 9U ml。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖酶实验性生产条件初探

在5L发酵罐上用正交试验检测不同温度、pH和接种量对魔芋葡甘聚糖酶发酵生产的影响。试验表明,产酶的最佳条件为温度50℃,pH5.5～6.0,接种量10%,发酵前期搅拌速度100r·min-1,通气量20L·h-1,6h后搅拌速度改为50r·min-1,通气量10L·h-1,在此条件下获得的酶比活力为4.812×106U·g-1,总活力达到7.810×106U·L-1。培养8h后细菌生物量、产物含量迅速提高,24h达到顶峰时期。发酵动力学属于偶联型。     

以魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶为载体亲和层析分离纯化猪血SOD

以魔芋葡甘聚糖（ＫＧＭ）凝胶作为铜金属螯合亲和层析的载体一步亲和纯化猪血ＳＯＤ,得到电泳均一,比活为８６２２Ｕ／ｍｇ,纯化倍数为７７．８倍的ＳＯＤ,其回收率为８５．４％。探讨了魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶作为亲和载体的可能性及前景。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的pH触发酶解

利用高效凝胶排阻色谱技术研究并实现了以溶液pH值为简易调节开关,对魔芋葡甘聚糖的酶解反应进行触发调控：结果表明：pH为4时底物分子量不发生变化,而当pH调至7时,酶解被触发进行,底物分子量随之快速下降。分析表明：酶在pH变化过程中发生部分复性的可能原因是pH由7调至4的过程中发生沉淀的酶分子维持了天然构象,当pH反调回7时重新溶解,并对KGM进行剪切。     

萝卜过氧化物酶对小鼠机体抗氧化作用的研究

目的 探索新的抗氧化剂.方法 研究萝卜过氧化物酶(POD)对小鼠肝、脾和肾脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)的影响.结果 用不同剂量的POD处理后,可以提高肝、脾和肾的SOD、GSH-Px的活性,减低丙二醛的含量.结论 萝卜过氧化物酶可以提高机体的抗氧化能力.     

以魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶为载体亲和层析分离纯化猪血SOD

以魔芋葡甘聚糖（ＫＧＭ）凝胶作为铜金属螯合亲和层析的载体一步亲和纯化猪血ＳＯＤ,得到电泳均一,比活为８６２２Ｕ／ｍｇ,纯化倍数为７７．８倍的ＳＯＤ,其回收率为８５．４％．探讨了魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶作为亲和载体的可能性及前景．     

魔芋葡甘聚糖磷酸酯化反应的研究(Ⅰ)

本文旨在研究干法条件下魔芋葡甘聚糖磷酸化反应,反应温度、时间、pH和磷酸盐用量对酯化反应以及酯化产物粘度的影响.利用红外光谱、X-射线衍射、扫描电镜及旋转粘度计等分析测试手段,探讨酯化产物的结构和性能之间的关系.     

Effects of NaCl and Mycorrhizal Fungi on Antioxidative Enzymes in Soybean

The effects of different concentrations of NaCl on the activities of antioxidative enzymes in the shoots and roots of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr cv. Pershing) inoculated or not with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann, were studied. Furthermore, the effect of salt acclimated mycorrhizal fungi on the antioxidative enzymes in soybean plants grown under salt stress (100 mM NaCl) was investigated. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were increased in the shoots of both mycorrhizal (M) and nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants grown under NaCl salinity. Salinity increased SOD activity in the roots of M and NM plants, but had no effect on CAT and polyphenol oxidase activities in the roots. M plants had greater SOD, POD and ascorbate peroxidase activity under salinity. Under salt stress, soybean plants inoculated with salt pre-treated mycorrhizal fungi showed increased SOD and POD activity in shoots, relative to those inoculated with the non pre-treated fungi.     

Effects of statins on oxidative stress

Free oxygen radicals and insufficient antioxidant enzymes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia (HC). Trace elements function as cofactors in antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidant system and trace elements were investigated in many different studies including HC, but these subjects have not been investigated as a whole in these patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidative system and trace elements in hypercholesterolemic patients given fluvastatin therapy. We examined malondialdehyde (MDA), copper zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities together with copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) levels in erythrocytes of 35 patients with HC and 27 healthy control subjects. It was found that in patients with HC, erythrocyte MDA was significantly higher than those of controls and erythrocyte CuZn-SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly lower in patients with HC. Erythrocyte iron levels were significantly higher than those of controls, and erythrocyte copper and zinc levels were significantly lower in patients with HC. Plasma lipid levels and the oxidative state were analyzed in statin-treatment groups given fluvastatin therapy before and after a 3-mo treatment period. In conclusion, we found that fluvastatin has significant antioxidant properties and these effects might be very important in managing dyslipidemia by improving endothelial function.     

Antioxidative metabolism in down syndrome

Down syndrome is the most common cause of mental retardation, affecting 1 in 700–800 liveborn infants. Although numerous biochemical abnormalities accompanying the syndrome have not yet been completely clarified, the antioxidant defense system enzymes have shown to be altered due to increased gene dosage on chromosome 21 and overproduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1 or Cu/Zn SOD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of SOD-1 and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes and the levels of their cofactors zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) in plasma of 20 Down syndrome patients. In comparison with age and sex-matched controls (n=15), plasma GSH-Px, SOD, and Cu levels were significantly decreased in the patient group, but Zn and Se concentrations remained unchanged. This study was presented as a poster in 29th Annual Meeting of European Society of Human Genetics held in Genoa in May, 1997.     

Erythrocyte Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Essential Hyperhidrosis

Essential Hyperhidrosis is a disorder of excessive, bilateral, and relatively symmetric sweating occurring in the axillae, palms, soles, or craniofacial region without obvious etiology. Nitric oxide may play a physiological part in the production and/or excretion of sweat in skin eccrine glands. Tempol, a SOD mimetic, increases the half-life of NO and results in vasodilatation, hypotension, and reflex activation of sympathetic nervous system. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may directly activate both central and peripheral sympathetic nervous system activity. We assessed the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) of red blood cells in patients with essential hyperhidrosis (n = 31) compared to age-and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 28). Erythrocyte activities of SOD and level of MDA were detected significantly higher (p = 0.020, p = 0.004 and respectively) and activities of CAT and GSH-Px were significantly lower (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001 respectively) in patients than controls. Our results support the hypothesis that oxidative damage resulting from increased ROS production along with insufficient capacity of antioxidant mechanisms may be involved in pathogenesis of EH.     

淡水三角涡虫不同发育时期三种抗氧化酶的研究

以鲁中山地区的淡水三角涡虫卵囊、幼虫、成虫为材料,研究了涡虫在不同发育过程中3种抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、GSH-Px的活性变化.结果 表明,SOD在发育初期活性增长迅速,在幼虫孵出后活性略减,最后趋于稳定;CAT活性在卵囊阶段活性较低,从幼虫孵出后活性增长很快,并在成体中保持较高的活性;GSH-Px活性在卵囊时期活性较高,从幼虫孵出后活性降低,在成体中活性较低.     

Antioxidative responses in Galleria mellonella larvae infected with the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis sp. beicherriana

The effects of a new species Heterorhabditis sp. beicherriana on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the host were studied. Last-instar larvae of Galleria mellonella were used as host insects and were experimentally infected with H. beicherriana at 0, 20, 40, 80 infective juveniles (IJs) per insect. At 0, 8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 h after infection, activities of SOD, POD, CAT and MDA content were determined in extracts from infected and control insects. We found that H. beicherriana infection resulted in gradually increased activities of SOD, POD and CAT the first day and decreased activities of these enzymes thereafter. However, MDA content in the insects of both control and IJ-inoculated groups stayed at a similar level at 24 h post-infection, but a significant decrease of MDA content in inoculated groups was recorded after 32 h of the infection, which is 8 hours later than the activities of SOD, POD and CAT were significantly increased. Our results suggest that H. beicherriana infection increases the level of oxidative stress and antioxidative responses in the larval G. mellonella, and it seems that oxidative damage contributes to cell death in this host.     

螺旋藻对小鼠SOD和GSH—Px活力的影响

采用微量测定法,观察螺旋藻对３２只昆明种小白鼠全血中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和谷光甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性的影响。结果表明,灌胃螺旋藻试验组（ＳＯＤ）活性（１５７７．１６±１６９．８８ＩＵ／ｇＨｂ）,与相应对照组（１３３６．２７±１５８．２３ＩＵ／ｇＨｂ）比较,ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性（２８．３３±２．３７ＩＵ／ｍｌ）与相应对照组（２４．８７±３．２６ＩＵ／ｍｌ）比较,差别均有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）;提示螺旋藻有提高动物ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性的功效     

The protective mechanisms of defibrotide on liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury

During some surgical interventions, temporary occlusion of the hepatic blood supply may cause ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and hepatic dysfunction. In this study the protective effect of defibrotide (DEF) was evaluated in a rat model of liver I/R injury. Four groups of rats were subjected to the following protocols: saline infusion without ischaemia, DEF infusion without ischaemia, DEF infusion with hepatic I/R, and saline infusion with hepatic I/R. After a midline laporatomy, liver ischaemia was induced by 45 min of portal occlusion. DEF 175 mg/kg(-1) was infused before ischaemia in 10 ml of saline. The same volume of saline was infused into the control animals. At the end of the 45-min reperfusion interval, the animals were sacrified. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities were determined in haemolysates, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the liver tissue was measured. Tissue MDA levels were significantly higher in the I/R plus saline group compared to the sham operation control groups (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Tissue MDA levels decreased in the DEF plus I/R group compared to the I/R plus saline group (p < 0.05), but DEF could not reduce tissue lipid peroxidation to the levels of the control sham operation groups. SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities were significantly higher in DEF-treated animals than in the other groups (p < 0.05). These results suggest that DEF protects liver against I/R injury by increasing the antioxidant enzyme levels.     

参麦注射液对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用

目的：通过观察参麦注射液对高脂血症模型大鼠的血脂水平和一系列相关生化指标的影响,探讨其对高脂血症模型大鼠血脂的调节作用。方法：30只SPF级雄性SD大鼠用基础饲料适应性喂养1周,随机分为3组（n=10）：对照组,模型对照组,参麦注射液组。对照组用基础饲料喂养,模型对照组和参麦注射液组用高脂饲料喂养,每周测定动物体重一次。参麦注射液组每天给予2次参麦注射液10 ml/kg,连续灌胃45 d。之后测定大鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧物酶（GSH-Px）、丙二醛（MDA）、脂蛋白酯酶（LPL）和肝酯酶（HL）活性。结果：模型对照组大鼠体重、血清中TC、TG、LDL-C和MDA水平较对照组明显升高（P<0.01）,而HDL-C、SOD、GSH-Px、LPL和HL水平明显降低（P<0.01）。参麦注射液组大鼠体重、血清中TC、TG、LDL-C和MDA水平较模型对照组明显降低（P<0.01）,而HDL-C、SOD、GSH-Px、LPL和HL水平明显升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论：参麦注射液对高脂模型大鼠的血脂具有较明显的调节作用,并具有抗脂质过氧化的作用。