魔芋葡甘低聚糖抗氧化性初步研究

为了检验魔芋葡甘低聚糖抗氧化功能,本文测定了魔芋葡甘低聚糖体外清除自由基及保护DNA氧化损伤能力,并通过连续两周用不同剂量的魔芋葡甘低聚糖灌胃小鼠,检测其对肝脏和血浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱肝肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性的影响。研究结果显示:魔芋葡甘低聚糖对超氧阴离子自由基(.O2-)和羟自由基(.OH)有较好的清除能力,能有效地保护DNA免受羟自由基的损伤,并且能有效地降低肝脏中丙二醛水平,提高肝脏和血浆中SOD、GSH-PX的活性。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖制备低聚糖及抗氧化研究进展

魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan, KGM)是β-D-吡喃葡萄糖与β-D-吡喃甘露糖通过β-1,4糖苷键连接成的多糖，被广泛应用于食品工业，具有减少、延缓细胞氧化的能力，但高粘度限制了其应用范围和效率。多种理化及生物方法能将KGM降解为魔芋葡甘低聚糖(Konjac glucomannan oligosaccharides, KOGM),降解方法及对应参数直接影响降解效率及KOGM的结构和特性。KOGM不仅粘度低，抗氧化能力也比KGM更优越。KGM和KOGM的抗氧化能力使其在对抗糖尿病、心血管疾病、神经性疾病甚至是癌症等疾病中发挥着重要作用。该文综述了KGM降解制备KOGM的方法，概述了KGM和KOGM的抗氧化研究进展，对KGM和KOGM的未来研究方向进行展望，为KGM和KOGM的多领域应用奠定基础。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖对柑桔的保鲜效果研究

近年来,国内外对柑桔的保鲜研究进展很快,已有许多方法可供生产上选用,其中以化学保鲜法应用最为普遍。但是目前所用的化学保鲜剂很多都有一定的毒性,因此,筛选天然无毒的保鲜剂成了十分迫切的课题。去年,我们在原有化学药品保鲜研究的基础上,对魔芋葡甘聚糖保鲜柑桔的效果进行了试验,并获得了初步的结果。魔芋葡甘聚糖是从天南星科的魔芋(Amorphophallumrivieri)中提取的一种多糖,无毒、无臭、无     

魔芋葡甘露低聚糖的酶法制备工艺的初步研究

利用β-甘露聚糖酶产品水解魔芋胶制备魔芋葡甘露低聚糖的工艺条件。在加样顺序、pH、酶添加量、时间、温度等单因素试验的基础上,进一步通过正交试验确定的最佳工艺条件为:魔芋胶浓度10g/L,酶添加量为100U/g,pH5.5,45℃条件下,酶解时间1.5h。再利用酵母发酵去除可发酵性糖的方法,以获得最终产物为100%的魔芋葡甘露低聚糖。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的分光光度法测定

魔芋为天南星科(Araooae)魔芋属(Amorphophallus blume)植物,是唯一大量提供葡甘聚糖(Glucomannan,下称GM)的新兴特种经济作物。魔芋GM是由D-葡萄糖和D-甘露糖主要通过β-1,4糖苷键结合的高分子多糖,在食品、医药、石油、化工、轻纺等工业中有着重要的用途。GM的定量测定虽有过甘露糖腙重量法和斐林试剂沉淀     

一株产常温葡甘聚糖酶的芽孢杆菌的分离、鉴定及产酶发酵条件的研究

以魔芋生粉为唯一碳源的筛选培养基,从魔芋废渣中分离筛选出一株可以降解魔芋生粉的细菌菌株,编号为LS-6。根据16SrDNA序列和生理生化特性,将该菌株鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis。胞内外葡甘露聚糖酶酶活分析结果表明,LS-6产生的葡甘聚糖酶为胞外酶。LS-6产生葡甘聚糖酶的最佳培养基组分和条件是:1%魔芋生粉,0.5%酵母粉,0.5%NaCl,培养基初始pH为6.0,最佳发酵条件是25℃,摇床转速200r/min,培养48h。酶解产物的高效液相色谱分析结果表明,LS-6粗酶液的酶解产物主要为葡萄糖和甘露糖。LS-6的分离为进一步克隆常温葡甘聚糖酶基因和产酶工程菌的构建奠定了基础。     

60Coγ射线辐照对花魔芋同工酶与品质的影响

本文开展了^60Coγ射线辐照对花魔芋酶类与球茎品质影响的研究。结果表明：辐照诱发了花魔芋同工酶谱的变异,经等电聚焦电泳分析,不同剂量处理,酯酶和多酚氧化酶同工酶酶带呈现多态性,有稳定带和可变带,带型和带数的变化从分子水平揭示了魔芋辐射敏感性,是诱变效应和农艺性状突变的分子基础;经采后球茎品质检测,辐照引起了魔芋品质变化,数据分析表明干物质含量、葡甘聚糖含量、葡甘聚糖粘度与辐照剂量均呈二次曲线关系,总生物碱含量与剂量呈线性负相关。以葡甘聚糖的量和质为评价依据,中等辐射剂量范围内的辐照处理可提高魔芋品质。     

以魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶为载体亲和层析分离纯化猪血SOD

以魔芋葡甘聚糖（ＫＧＭ）凝胶作为铜金属螯合亲和层析的载体一步亲和纯化猪血ＳＯＤ,得到电泳均一,比活为８６２２Ｕ／ｍｇ,纯化倍数为７７．８倍的ＳＯＤ,其回收率为８５．４％．探讨了魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶作为亲和载体的可能性及前景．     

以魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶为载体亲和层析分离纯化猪血SOD

以魔芋葡甘聚糖（ＫＧＭ）凝胶作为铜金属螯合亲和层析的载体一步亲和纯化猪血ＳＯＤ,得到电泳均一,比活为８６２２Ｕ／ｍｇ,纯化倍数为７７．８倍的ＳＯＤ,其回收率为８５．４％。探讨了魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶作为亲和载体的可能性及前景。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖-尼莫地平药膜体外释放性能的初步探讨

本文选用尼莫地平(nimodipine,NMP)作为模型药物,以魔芋葡甘聚糖(Konjac glucom annan,KGM)为材料制备KGM-NMP药膜,对其在体外不同介质和不同温度下的释药特性进行考察,初步探讨魔芋葡甘聚糖-尼莫地平药膜的体外释放性能。采用扫描电子显微镜观察药膜各个释放阶段的形态及表面结构,药膜呈胶束状,表面平整光滑,个别表面有凹凸状;用药物释放动力学方程拟合药物释放数据曲线,推导建立数学模型,同时结合电镜扫描结果分析,KGM-NMP药膜的溶蚀特性更符合零级动力学方程,释放机制为扩散和骨架溶蚀的协同作用。该药膜在体外具有明显的缓控释作用,24 h内释药稳定。     

Carbohydrate-structure-dependent recognition of desialylated serum glycoproteins in the liver and leucocytes. Two complementary systems.

Oligosaccharides with four different types of branching were prepared from purified human transferrin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, caeruloplasmin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and labelled with NaBH3 3H. Binding of these oligosaccharides to rat liver plasma membrane, rat leucocytes, pig liver plasma membranes and pig leucocyte plasma membranes was investigated. A striking dependence of binding on oligosaccharide branching was observed. The values of apparent association constants Ka at 4 degrees C vary from 10(6) M-1 (biantennary structure) to 10(9) M-1 (tetra-antennary structure) in the liver, whereas in the leucocytes the Ka values were found to be of reversed order, from 1.8 X 10(9) M-1 for biantennary to 2.2 X 10(6) M-1 for tetra-antennary structures. The binding is completely inhibited by 150 mM-D-galactose, but 150 mM-D-mannose has almost no effect on binding. Leucocyte plasma membranes bind preferentially 125I-asialoglycoproteins with biantennary oligosaccharides, thus completing the specificity pattern of the hepatic recognition system for desialylated glycoproteins. Possible physiological roles of these two complementary recognition systems under normal and pathological conditions are discussed.     

壳聚糖/ 魔芋葡甘露聚糖复合膜体内外促创面愈合研究

目的:制备壳聚糖/魔芋葡甘露聚糖复合膜,研究其促创面愈合作用。方法:壳聚糖溶液和魔芋葡甘露聚糖溶液混合后冷冻干燥制成复合膜。扫描电镜观察膜的形态和孔径,并研究比较膜的吸水率,水蒸气透过率,拉伸强度,断裂伸长率和体外降解率。建立大鼠皮肤损伤模型,敷以复合膜治疗,比较创面愈合率,观察创面组织染色结果,评价复合膜的促创面愈合作用。结果:壳聚糖/魔芋葡甘露聚糖复合膜具有三维网状结构,壳聚糖复合魔芋葡甘露聚糖后,膜的吸水率、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率提高,体外降解加速,水蒸气透过率改善。愈合实验表明壳聚糖/魔芋葡甘露聚糖膜具有促进创面愈合作用。结论:壳聚糖/魔芋葡甘露聚糖复合膜制备工艺简单,能有效促进创面愈合,具有成为创伤敷料的潜力。     

寡聚糖诱导的植物抗性信号转导

来源于植物及其病原体细胞壁的寡聚糖,可作为激发子诱导植物细胞发生抗性反应,寡聚糖信号被植物细胞识别后,可迅速引起质膜去极化,离子通道开放,胞外培养基碱化等瞬间反应;还可通过硬脂酸代谢途径合成茉莉酸信号分子,诱导抗性相关基因的表达。     

60Coγ射线辐照花魔芋球茎的早期诱变效应研究

本试验开展了花魔芋早期诱变效应研究。通过^60Coγ射线辐照后的植株苗期发育观察和根尖细胞学检测分析,结果表明魔芋辐射诱变效应显著：辐照诱发核畸变和染色体畸变,且变异频率与剂量呈二次曲线关系;低剂量时对细胞分裂有刺激作用;辐照抑制芽体发育、苗期生长,抑制效应随剂量增加而加大,直至产生致死作用。依据花魔芋的辐射敏感性,建立了魔芋辐照诱变体系,以催芽球茎为诱变材料,诱变剂量范围为0Gy～50Gy,剂量率为1Gy／min,中等适宜剂量为7Gy～10Gy,致死剂量50Gy。     

寡聚糖在饲料工业中的研究和应用进展

寡聚糖是由2～10个单糖组成的一类聚合物,它属于碳水化合物,其结构特征、理化性质和生理功能却与单糖和多糖有着重大差别.经研究表明:寡聚糖具有低热值、甜味、稳定、安全无毒、粘度低、吸湿性大、不被胃肠道消化等理化特征以及具有改善肠道微生物区系、降低血清胆固醇和中性脂肪含量、改善血糖含量等生理功能.最近,国外研究人员又发现寡果糖还具有提高动物的兔疫性能、降低死亡率、促进生长、提高饲料利用效率和改善畜产品质量等功能.     

Immunochemical studies on blood groups. Structures and immunochemical properties of nine oligosaccharides from B-active and non-B-active blood group substances of horse gastric mucosae.

Oligosaccharides from base-borohydride-treated B-active and non-B-active glycoproteins of horse stomach mucosae were purified chromatographically on Bio-Gel P-2, charcoal-Celite, paper and high pressure liquid chromatography. From colorimetric and gas-liquid Chromatographic analyses, methylation, quantitative periodate oxidation and Smith degradation, structures of nine Oligosaccharides are proposed. Seven have not been previously described. The oligosaccharide isolated in largest amount in the B-active reduced tetrasaccharide analogous to an A-active reduced oligosaccharide from pig submaxillary mucin, and a reduced octasaccharide, the largest isolated, has two B determinants and may represent full expression of B-specific biosynthetic potential of the mucosal lining. Three B-active and one non-B-active oligosaccharide possessed the core structure previously identified in Oligosaccharides from human blood group, B, HLe^b, Le^a and precursor I substances. Two non-B-active and one B-active compound inhibited the cross reaction of type XIV horse antipneumococcal sera with blood group substances. Terminal nonreducing α-linked dGlcNAc (d-2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucopyranose), previously found in Oligosaccharides of hog blood group substances, was also present in a tetrassarcharide of the non-B-active material. Oligosaccharides released from blood group glycoproteins of horse stomach mucosae are smaller and hence less heterogeneous than those from human ovarian cyst and perhaps hog A + H and human gastric mucosae.     

The asparagine-linked sugar chains of the glycoproteins in rat erythrocyte plasma membrane—Fractionation of oligosaccharides liberated by hydrazinolysis and structural studies of the neutral oligosaccharides

The asparagine-linked sugar chains of the plasma membrane glycoproteins of rat erythrocytes were released as oligosaccharides by hydrazinolysis and labeled by NaB³H₄ reduction. The radioactive oligosaccharides were separated into a neutral and at least four acidic fractions by paper electrophoresis. The neutral oligosaccharide fraction was separated into at least 11 peaks upon Bio-Gel P-4 column chromatography. Structural studies of them by sequential exoglycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis revealed that they were a mixture of three high mannose-type oligosaccharides and at least 11 complex type oligosaccharides with Manα1 → 6(Manα1 → 3)Manβ1 → 4GlcNAcβ1 → 4(±Fucα1 → 6)GlcNAc as their cores and Galβ1 → 4GlcNAc, Galβ1 → 3Galβ1 → 4GlcNAc, and various lengths of Galβ1 → 4GlcNAc repeating chains in their outer chain moieties. Most of the complex-type Oligosaccharides were biantennary, and the tri- and tetraantennary Oligosaccharides contain only the Galβ1 → 3Galβ1 → 4GlcNAc group in their outer chain moieties.     

Selective hepatic uptake of synthetic glycoproteins: mannosaminated ribonuclease A dimer and serum albumin

The influence of mannose-containing oligosaccharides on the tissue uptake of glycoproteins has been examined with synthetic glycoconjugates. Oligosaccharides obtained from the acetolysis of bakers' yeast mannan have been coupled to the lysine residues of the cross-linked dimer of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A and of human serum albumin by reductive amination with cyanoborohydride. 14C-labeled derivatives of the two proteins containing two to four mannopyranose residues per 10,000 mol wt were administered intravenously to rats. There was selective (70-80%) uptake of these derivatives by the liver within 10-15 min after injection. A minor site of uptake was the spleen. The extent of hepatic uptake was a function of the number and size of the mannooligosaccharide residues coupled. With the nonglycosaminated derivatives the liver uptake was less than 5%. Related studies have shown that mannose-containing glycoproteins are taken up by both the endothelial and Kupffer cells of the liver; thus, reductive mannosamination may provide a means of directing to these cells proteins of potential therapeutic interest.     

Hepatic storage of oligosaccharides and glycolipids in a cat affected with GM1 gangliosidosis.

1. Glycopeptides and glycolipids were isolated from normal cat liver and liver from a cat affected with GM1 gangliosidosis. 2. Bio-Gel P-6 chromatography of the crude glycopeptide fractions demonstrated three major peaks of hexose-containing compounds that were greatly increased in the mutant liver sample; these peaks contained oligosaccharides that comprised over 2% of the liver wet weight. 3. Two of the major pathological oligosaccharides, GP5 and GP6, were purified by chromatography on charcoal/Celite and Sephadex G-25. Oligosaccharides GP5 and GP6 had apparent mol.wts. of 1800 +/- 200 and 1350+/-200 respectively, and contained galactose, mannose and N-acetylglucosamine in molar proportions of 2.0:3.1:4.1 (GP5) and 1.0:2.2:2.7 (GP6). Periodate oxidation studies demonstrated the presence of galactose in a non-reducing terminal position. 4. The neutral glycolipid fraction from the mutant cat liver has a 1.3-fold increase in hexose content accompanied by an increased concentration of asialo-(ganglioside GM1). 5. There was a 2-fold increase of gangliosides in the mutant cat liver compared with normal cats. Ganglioside GM1 and a compound tentatively identified as N-glycolloyl-(ganglioside GM1) were the major glycolipids accumulated.