芜菁花叶病毒外壳蛋白在寄主植物叶绿体中的积累及其对光系统Ⅱ活性的影响

分别以接种感染芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)和健康时照的青菜苏州青品种(Brassica chinensis L. cv.Suzhou)和芥菜温州芥菜品种(B.juncea L.cv.Wenzhou)叶片为材料提取完整叶绿体,用胰蛋白酶消除其表面蛋白后,抽提总蛋白,经SDS-PAGE电泳和Weste rn blot检测,发现TuMV的外壳蛋白(CP)存在于感病寄主的叶绿体中.免疫金标记电镜实验显示TuMV-CP定位在感病青菜和芥菜的细胞质和叶绿体中.对两种寄主植物叶片的叶绿素荧光动力学参数测定结果显示,青菜、芥菜的Fv/F.、Fv/Fm、φPSII、qp值都有不同程度的降低,qN值增大.实验结果表明TuMV侵染后在寄主细胞叶绿体中积累的CP,抑制了光系统Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ)的光化学活性,这可能是影响寄主植物光合作用的一个重要原因.     

芜菁花叶病毒外壳蛋白在寄主植物叶绿体中的积累及其对光系统II活性的影响

分别以接种感染芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)和健康对照的青菜苏州青品种(Brassica chinensis L. cv.Suzhou)和芥菜温州芥菜品种(B.juncea L. cv.Wenzhou)叶片为材料提取完整叶绿体,用胰蛋白酶消除其表面蛋白后,抽提总蛋白,经SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blot检测,发现TuMV的外壳蛋白(CP)存在于感病寄主的叶绿体中。免疫金标记电镜实验显示TuMV-CP定位在感病青菜和芥菜的细胞质和叶绿体中。对两种寄主植物叶片的叶绿素荧光动力学参数测定结果显示,青菜、芥菜的Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、φPSII、qp值都有不同程度的降低,qN值增大。实验结果表明TuMV侵染后在寄主细胞叶绿体中积累的CP,抑制了光系统II(PS II)的光化学活性,这可能是影响寄主植物光合作用的一个重要原因。     

用单克隆抗体作芜菁花叶病毒不同分离物外壳蛋白抗原结构的比较研究

用芜菁花叶病毒辽宁分离物（ＴｕＭＶ－ＬＮ）,山东分离物（ＴｕＭＶ－ＳＤ）和榨菜分离物（ＴｕＭＶ－ＺＣ）作抗原,分别免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,经脾细胞与ＳＰ２／Ｏ－Ａｇ１４骨髓细胞融合,共获得７个单克隆抗体分泌细胞株,为研究３个分离物的抗原差异,用胰蛋白酶消化ＴｕＭＶ的外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）。分别形成４、２和１条降解带,经ＳＤＳ－１５％ＰＡＧＥ后,转移至硝酸纤维薄膜上,用３个分离物的抗血清和７种单隆抗体分别做     

芜菁花叶病毒的3’末端序列克隆与CP基因序列分析

目的:克隆芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)的3'末端序列,并进行CP基因序列分析.方法:以TuMV杭州榨菜分离物(TuMv-HZZC)接种病叶为材料,利用病毒粒子吸附法制备病毒RNA模板,经RT-PCR扩增获得了TuMV-HZZC 3'末端序列,将其克隆到PMD 18-T质粒上进行序列分析.结果:TuMV-HZZC分离物3'末端序列包括部分的Nib基因、完整的TuMVCP基因和3'-UTR,CP基因为864bp,分别编码288个氨基酸,3'-UTR序列(不包括PolyA尾巴)为213bp.经过与其他TuMV分离物的CP基因核苷酸和氨基酸比较,同源性分别达到88.0%～97.6%和91.0%-96.5%.结论:TuMV的系统进化具有典型的地域和寄主关联性.     

黄瓜花叶病毒对烟草叶片和叶绿体光合活性的影响

研究了烟草（Ｎｉｃｏｔａｎａ ｔａｂａｃｕｍ Ｌ．）感染黄瓜花叶病毒后烟草植株不同部位（顶层、中层、下层）中片的光合速率和叶绿体光化学反应的变化。感病的叶片净光合速率减少,顶层叶砬少最多。病毒侵染抑制ＰＳⅡ活性比ＰＳⅠ活性更明显,特别是顶层叶。叶绿素ａ荧光测定表明还原态Ｑ库减少,ＣＯ２同化减少。从低温荧光发射光谱图变化中发现能量分配受干扰。     

大豆花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆和其在大肠杆菌中的表达

通过多聚酶连锁反应(PCR),我们合成了包括病毒外壳蛋白基因在内的病毒基因组3’端区域,并完成了其全部序列分析,比较SMV(北京分离物)和SMv—N株的序列发现;外壳蛋白基因的核苷酸序列同源性达93．D％,其氨氢基酸序列同源性高达98．5％,就基因组3,端非编码序列而言,其同源性达88．8％。Western b1ot分析结果表明所克隆的cDNA片段在大肠杆菌JMl07中能表达正常的病毒外壳蛋白。     

Modification of Turnip yellow mosaic virus coat protein and its effect on virion assembly

Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a positive strand RNA virus. We have modified TYMV coat protein (CP) by inserting a c-Myc epitope peptide at the N- or C-terminus of the CP, and have examined its effect on assembly. We introduced the recombinant CP constructs into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration. Examination of the leaf extracts by agarose gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis showed that the CP modified at the N-terminus produced a band co-migrating with wild-type virions. With C-terminal modification, however, the detected bands moved faster than the wild-type virions. To further examine the effect, TYMV constructs producing the modified CPs were prepared. With N-terminal modification, viral RNAs were protected from RNase A. In contrast, the viral RNAs were not protected with C-terminal modification. Overall, the results suggest that virion assembly and RNA packaging occur properly when the N-terminus of CP is modified, but not when the C-terminus is modified. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(10): 495-500]     

Role of the alfalfa mosaic virus movement protein and coat protein in virus transport

The movement protein (MP) and coat protein (CP) encoded by Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) RNA 3 are both required for virus transport. RNA 3 vectors that expressed nonfused green fluorescent protein (GFP), MP:GPF fusions, or GFP:CP fusions were used to study the functioning of mutant MP and CP in protoplasts and plants. C-terminal deletions of up to 21 amino acids did not interfere with the function of the CP in cell-to-cell movement, although some of these mutations interfered with virion assembly. Deletion of the N-terminal 11 or C-terminal 45 amino acids did not interfere with the ability of MP to assemble into tubular structures on the protoplast surface. Additionally, N- or C-terminal deletions disrupted tubule formation. A GFP:CP fusion was targeted specifically into tubules consisting of a wild-type MP. All MP deletion mutants that showed cell-to-cell and systemic movement in plants were able to form tubular structures on the surface of protoplasts. Brome mosaic virus (BMV) MP did not support AMV transport. When the C-terminal 48 amino acids were replaced by the C-terminal 44 amino acids of the AMV MP, however, the BMV/AMV chimeric protein permitted wild-type levels of AMV transport. Apparently, the C terminus of the AMV MP, although dispensable for cell-to-cell movement, confers specificity to the transport process.     

Fluorescence studies on the coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus

The intrinsic luminescence of different forms of the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) strain 425 coat protein has been studied, both statically and time resolved. It was found that the emission of the protein (Mr 24,250), which contains two tryptophans at positions 54 and 190 and four tyrosines, is completely dominated by tryptophan fluorescence. The high fluorescence quantum yield indicates that both tryptophans are emitting. Surprisingly, the fluorescence decay is found to be strictly exponential, with a lifetime of 5.1 nsec. Similar results were obtained for various other forms of the protein, i.e. the 30-S polymer, the mildly trypsinized forms of the protein lacking the N-terminal part and the protein assembled into viral particles. Virus particles and proteins of stains S and VRU gave similar results, as well as the VRU protein polymerised into tubular structures. The fluorescence decay is also monoexponential in the presence of various concentrations of the quenching molecules acrylamide and potassium iodide. Stern-Volmer plots were linear and yield for the coat protein dimer with acrylamide a quenching constant of 4.5* 10(8) M-1 sec-1. This indicates that the tryptophans are moderately accessible for acrylamide. For the 30-S polymer a somewhat smaller value was found, whereas in the viral Top a particles the accessibility of the tryptophans is still further reduced. From the decay of the polarisation anisotropy of the fluorescence of the coat protein dimer the rotational correlation time was obtained as 35 nsec. Since this roughly equals the expected rotational correlation time of the dimer as a whole, it suggests that the tryptophans are contained rigidly in the dimer. The results show that in the excited state of the protein the two tryptophans are strongly coupled and suggest that the trp-trp distance is smaller than 10 A. Because the coat protein occurs as a dimer, the coupling can be inter- or intramolecular. The implications for the viral structure are discussed.     

Selective inhibition of photosystem II in spinach by tobacco mosaic virus: an effect of the viral coat protein

Leaves of Spinacia oleracea inoculated with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) strain PV230 develop mild chlorotic and mosaic symptoms of infection. Thylakoid membranes isolated from these infected leaves showed a reduced Fv/Fm ratio for chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, at 25 degrees C. The photosystem II (PS II)-mediated electron-transport rate was inhibited 50%, whereas PS I activity was unaffected by virus infection. Protein analysis indicated that TMV coat protein was associated with thylakoids, in particular with the PS II fraction. The results demonstrate that TMV-infected S. oleracea shows inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport through PS II. We propose that the inhibition of photosynthetic activity results from the association of viral coat protein with the PS II complex.     

Characterization of cymbidium mosaic virus coat protein gene and its expression in transgenic tobacco plants

Cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV) is the most prevalent virus infecting orchids. Here, we report the isolation of partial cDNA clones encoding the genomic RNA of CyMV. Like most of the polyadenylated monopartite positive-strand RNA viruses, the open reading frame (ORF) coding for the viral coat protein (CP) is located at the 3 end. The ORF predicts a polypeptide chain of 220 amino acids with a molecular weight of 23 600. Sequence comparison of this ORF to the CP sequences of potato virus X(PVX) and white clover mosaic virus (WCIMV) revealed a strong amino acid homology in the mid-portion of the CP, but the overall homology was low. The CyMV CP gene was placed downstream of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and the chimaeric gene was transferred into Nicotiana benthamiana. Transgenic plants expressing the CyMV CP were protected against CyMV infection.     

Use of three-hybrid system to detect RNA-binding activity of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein

We used yeast three-hybrid system, for studying interaction of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein AMVCP (AMVCP) with RNA4, which codes this protein. We have shown that AMVCP with high affinity is bound to plus-chain of RNA4 in vivo. The mutational analysis has shown, that the N-terminal part of AMVCP (aa 1 to 85) contains RNA-binding domain. C-terminal part of this protein (aa 86 to 221) does not participate in direct interaction with RNA4. However activity of the reporter-gene LacZ, which codes beta-galactosidase, in case of interaction only N-terminal part of AMVCP is five times lower, in comparison with full-length hybrid protein, that confirms that the tertiary structure of full-length AMVCP is more favourable for interaction with RNA4.