中国地下子囊菌新记录属——史蒂芬块菌属（英文）

文中首次报道了史蒂芬块菌属Stephensia在中国的分布。史蒂芬块菌发现于滇中地区呈贡县,生于1株栽培的天麻旁边,附近长有云南松和榛属植物。标本的特征与文献中对于该种的描述一致,即子囊果表面具褐色绒毛,产孢组织有曲折的脉沟,脉沟向中心辐聚,中心有时形成空腔,孢子球形,直径18~25μm,无油滴,包被(外囊盘被)角胞组织。中国标本的ITS序列与北美和欧洲样品有99%的相似性,其LSU序列仅有3个碱基与北美样品不同。史蒂芬块菌在分子系统上与腔囊块菌属Hydnocystis和地杯菌属Geopxyis近缘。     

中国块菌属多样性

在中国特别是西南地区块菌属Tuber资源调查的基础上,本文综合形态特征、生态特征以及分子系统学分析,对比研究了欧洲和北美的部分块菌属标本,对中国块菌属已知种类进行了分类订正和系统的总结.研究确认我国分布有17种块菌,其中3/4的种类分布于西南地区.尚有6种因未观察到可靠的标本而存疑,3种排除在我国分布.文中对该属在我国...     

印度块菌子囊果内部解剖结构的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对成熟印度块菌子囊果的内部结构进行了观察,以系统揭示其子囊果内部组织特征,为块菌属的分类以及块菌属真菌子囊果的生理研究奠定基础。观察结果进一步证明,成熟印度块菌子囊果横切面上的白色迷宫状脉络是由不育的侧丝构成,而暗脉则是被侧丝缠绕并包裹着的可育的菌丝组织,即产孢组织,这些白色脉络和暗脉就构成了印度块菌子囊果横切面上迷宫状的纹脉;产孢组织中,可观察到正在发育的大大小小的子囊被缠绕在一起的大量产囊丝与侧丝包裹着,形成密密麻麻微小的类似蜂巢状结构;子囊孢子游离于子囊中,成熟子囊孢子表面有刺状纹饰,刺的顶端有小弯钩。单个子囊内含的子囊孢子大小与其内含的子囊孢子数目有关,子囊内所含的子囊孢子越多,子囊孢子就越小。     

中国块菌属一新种

本文描述了块菌属(Tuber)的一个新种,巨孢块菌(Tuber gigantosporum)。这一新种1989年采于四川省会东县。它的子囊孢子特殊大,一般105—115×75μm,最大可达120×80μm,小者亦可达80×55μm。而块菌属已知种的子囊孢子的大小一般在21—52×15—38μm范围内,最大也不超过90×60μm。仅此一点已使其明显区别于该属任何已知种。此外,该种孢子壁异常厚,可达14μm,有三层,也是别于其它块菌已知种的重要特征。该块菌生于地下,与云南松有共生关系。模式标本保存在中国科学院沈阳应用生态所植物标本室(IFS)。     

中国块菌属研究概况

文献调查研究结果表明,自我国报道的块菌属(Tuber)有35个名称,其中21个具有标本引证的支持、有3个缺乏明确的标本引证、3个与国际上已有的描述存在明显差异1、个鉴定时使用的是暂定名而有待进一步查证、还有2个名称已被证明为异名、5个名称为不合格发表而不应再继续使用。作者对我国的块菌属研究概况进行了概述,并对有关种类的研究现状及其分布进行了介绍,同时也整理和修订了这些种的汉语学名。     

沟稃草属及其近缘属植物颖片微形态特征研究

通过扫描电镜对沟稃草属及其近缘属共14属20种2变种植物颖片微形态进行观察。结果显示:(1)沟稃草属颖片脉间长细胞长筒形或短筒形,细胞壁波状弯曲,显著增厚;脉间短细胞单生,脉间栓细胞近圆形,脉间硅细胞缺失;脉上硅细胞单生,近圆形,有气孔器,气孔副卫细胞平行形至低圆屋顶形;脉上、脉间刺毛常见,有钩毛,无微毛,有乳突,无大毛。(2)根据颖片微形态特征所构建的系统发育树显示,沟稃草属与早熟禾族植物聚为一支,表明其亲缘关系较近,支持将沟稃草属置于早熟禾族中。(3)沟稃草属与拂子茅属、野青茅属植物相距较远,颖片微形态证据不支持将沟稃草属作为广义拂子茅属的成员,其应该单独成属。     

西藏块菌属的分类研究

首次报道产于西藏的块菌属３种,包括２个新种和１个新记录种。新种是刘氏块菌ＴｕｂｅｒｌｉｕｉＡ．Ｓ．Ｘｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和西藏块菌ＴｕｂｅｒｘｉｚａｎｇｅｎｓｅＡ．Ｓ．Ｘｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,新记录种是少孢块菌Ｔｕｂｅｒｏｌｉｇｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍ（Ｔｕｌ．＆Ｃ．Ｔｕｌ．）Ｔｒａｐｐｅ．标本全部保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室（ＨＸＺＥ）。     

西藏块菌属的分类研究

首次报实于西藏的块菌属３种,包括２个新种和１个新记录种。新种是刘氏块菌Ｔｕｂｅｒ ｌｉｕｉＡ．ＳＸｕ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ和西藏块菌Ｔｕｂｅｒ ｘｉｚａｎｇｅｎｓｅ Ａ．ＳＸｕ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,新记录种是少孢块菌Ｔｕｂｅｒ ｏｌｉｇｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍ（Ｔｕｌ．＆ Ｃ．Ｔｕｌ）Ｔｒａｐｐｅ。标本全部保存于西藏庙的生态研究所标本室（ＪＸＡＥ）     

中国蜒属一新种

本文记述蜓科、中国蜓属的一个新种,标本由浙江省石油地质大队提供,该队在湖州钻井时,在岩芯标本上发现了这个蜻蜓化石。 中国蜓属 Sinaeschnidia Hong 1965是洪友崇(1965年)建立的,包含黑山沟中国蜓S.heishankowensis Hong一种,产于内蒙赤峰黑山沟(昭乌达盟)。据悉,这类蜻蜓化石辽西、河北、甘肃等地均有分布。这次浙江发现的蜻蜓化石,前翅保存一半,后翅保存大部分,翅脉相当清楚。这属的研究,对于了解这类蜻蜓的地理和地层分布,是很有意义的。     

东北大小兴安岭地区的红菇属物种多样性

从采自中国东北大、小兴安岭地区18个国家级自然保护区的红菇属真菌标本中鉴定出23个种,其中确认3个为此前未在中国报道过的种:果香红菇Russula amoenolens(腐味组sect.Foetentinae MelzerZvára)、暗红红菇R.atrorubens(浅绿组sect.Vidantinae)和诺尔亚红菇R.nuoljae(黑紫色组sect.Atropurpurinae)。该3个种原始描述均来自欧洲,在大、小兴安岭地区,它们生长于落叶松和白桦形成的混交林下。通过形态特征和ITS序列的对比证实了它们与欧洲或北美的标本为同种。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.