广西和海南的赛多孢属2新种

从广西和海南植物根系采集的土样经用头发富集后分离获得3株赛多孢菌株G79、EM65901和EM65901.2,采用系统发育和单倍型网络并结合形态特征对其分类地位进行确证,G79菌株提议为新种少孢赛多孢,其典型特征是:分生孢子顶生或侧生于菌丝上,产孢较少,孢子透明至半透明,倒卵形,5.4–10.8×3.2–5.4μm,无间生孢子和厚垣孢子;EM65901和EM65901.2两菌株为另一新种,定名为三亚赛多孢,其典型特征是:分生孢子顶生或侧生于菌丝或支撑细胞上,单生或1–4个着生于膨大或不膨大的支撑细胞上,透明至半透明,倒卵圆形,4–7.5×3–4μm,少数近球形,3–5μm,无间生孢子;厚垣孢子椭圆形,5–7.5×4–6.5μm,或近球形,5–7.5μm。     

球束梗孢属一新种

描述了采自湖北省神农架的球束梗孢属一新种,神农架球束梗孢Gibellula shennongjiaensis,该菌分生孢子梗表面粗糙,瓶梗为棒状,5.4–10.8×1.1–2.2μm。分生孢子为圆柱形或纺锤形,透明,表面光滑,3.2–6.5×1.1–1.6μm。具糙梗孢式共无性型的产孢结构,其分生孢子梗由不规则的菌丝组成,产孢细胞不规则形状,分生孢子无色,光滑,线形,12.1–15.2×1.4–2.1μm。模式标本保存在贵州大学菌种保藏中心(GZAC-SNJ2012,主模式)。     

来自青海农田土壤的金孢属一新种

从青海省格尔木的农田土壤中分离到一嗜角蛋白的金孢属新种——青海金孢。采用形态学和分子系统学对其进行了描述和鉴定,其主要鉴别特征是:侧生孢子较多,光滑,3.6-9×1.8-3.6μm,棒状至柱状,基痕宽>1.0μm;双细胞分生孢子存在,9-13×1.8-2.7μm,柱状;具间生孢子和厚垣孢子。     

分离自棕榈树根际土样的金孢属一新种(英文)

从我国海南省三亚市棕榈根际土样中分离到一金孢属新种——三亚金孢,对其进行了形态描述和基于ITS-5.8S rDNA序列的核苷酸序列分析。它的主要鉴别特征:具有球拍状的菌丝细胞和椭圆至桶状的间生孢子;顶生和侧生孢子着生在短突起或侧分枝上;具有近球形至卵圆形的分生孢子。     

桔黄赛多孢，一种潜在的致病有丝分裂产孢真菌

【目的】调查发现我国土壤中稀有且重要的真菌资源。【方法】采用经典形态学及分子系统学方法对获得的菌株进行鉴定。【结果】从一养殖场含有猪粪的土样中分离获得一赛多孢EM12901菌株。其主要鉴别特征是:在查氏培养基上,绒状,灰白色至淡棕色。分生孢子梗单生或分支;单生的分生孢子梗常退化为产孢细胞。产孢细胞顶生或侧生,透明至半透明,薄壁,柱状或轻微膨大的烧瓶状,(3.5-45.0)μm×(1.5-3.0)μm;分生孢子顶生或侧生,单生,透明至半透明,光滑,椭圆形、倒卵圆形或近柱状,(4.3-14.0)μm×(2.5-5.5)μm。【结论】基于形态学及分子系统学方法相结合鉴定,赛多孢EM12901菌株为我国一新记录种,桔黄赛多孢Scedosporium aurantiacum Gilgado,Cano,GenéGuarro。     

中国小孢盘菌属—新种(英文)

报道了源于我国黑龙江的小孢盘菌属Acervus一新种,即黑龙江小孢盘菌A.heilongjiangensis。该种的显著特征为子囊盘杯状,无柄,直径5–10mm;子实层新鲜时黄色;外囊盘被为角胞组织至表层组织;子囊具囊盖,具8个子囊孢子,孔口在Melzer试剂中不变色,98–119×6.5–8.5μm;子囊孢子椭圆形,无分隔,9–10.5×3.9–5.5μm。对该种的形态学特征进行了描述和图示,并对其分类地位提供了DNA序列分析的佐证。     

沫蝉的病原真菌新种——巨孢虫疫霉(英文)

在浙江省百山祖自然保护区虫生真菌调查中发现松树上的菱沫蝉(Agrophora sp.)的新病原真菌一种,因其分生孢子远大于任何已知种虫疫霉,故定为新种巨孢虫疫霉(Eryniagigantea Li,Chert et Xu)。其初生分生孢子长倒拟卵形或拟纺锤形,对称或略弯曲,42.6—76.7×l 2.3—26.0μm(平均57.6×l 8.6μm),长径比2.2—4.9(平均3.1);顶稍圆或尖削;基部乳突略钝,有时有孢领。次生分生孢子倒拟卵形至广倒拟卵形;毛管分生孢子未见。假根成束。假囊状体及休眠孢子未见。     

沫蝉的病原真菌新种——巨孢虫疫霉

在浙江省百山祖自然保护区虫生真菌调查中发现松树上的菱沫蝉(Agrophora sp.)的新病原真菌一种,因其分生孢子远大于任何已知种虫疫霉,故定为新种巨孢虫疫霉(Eryniagigantea Li,Chert et Xu)。其初生分生孢子长倒拟卵形或拟纺锤形,对称或略弯曲,42.6—76.7×l 2.3—26.0μm(平均57.6×l 8.6μm),长径比2.2—4.9(平均3.1);顶稍圆或尖削;基部乳突略钝,有时有孢领。次生分生孢子倒拟卵形至广倒拟卵形;毛管分生孢子未见。假根成束。假囊状体及休眠孢子未见。     

广东虫疠霉——侵染黑肩绿盲蝽的虫疠霉属一新种

报道了采自广东省韶关市黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis的病原真菌新种:广东虫疠霉Pandora guangdongensis。该菌分生孢子单核,双囊壁,椭圆形或拟卵形,[25.7±1.1(23.4–27.3)]×[11.5±0.9(10.4–13.0)]μm,L/D为2.2±0.2(1.8–2.6)。次生分生孢子卵形,[19.7±1.5(17.7–20.9)]×[11.7±0.5(11.5–12.3)]μm,菌丝段菌丝状,直径8.3±1.0(6.5–10.4)μm。分生孢子梗掌状分枝,直径7.0±0.7(5.2–9.1)μm。假囊状体长336.0±95.3(231.2–418.7)μm,基部直径13.4±3.5(9.0–18.0)μm,端部直径6.0±1.5(5.1–7.7)μm。假根单菌丝状,无隔,直径17.7±2.2(15.4–20.6)μm,端部膨大为盘状固着器。休眠孢子未见。该菌主要在10月份发生流行,引起黑肩绿盲蝽成虫和若虫的最高侵染死亡率分别为18.5%和8.9%。     

采自福建的中国座壳孢菌两新记录种

两种虫生座壳孢菌包括锥形座壳孢Aschersonia turbinata和布鲁门拿维安座壳孢Aschersonia blumenaviensis,是中国新记录种。锥形座壳孢有别于该属其他成员的特征是新鲜时具有微黄白色近圆柱形的子座,不规则的孢子器产生于1个或更多个平或凹盘里,梭状的器孢子具有锥形尖端。布鲁门拿维安座壳孢最初在巴西描述,与Aschersonia flavocitrina的子座均为柠檬黄而易混淆,但是后者有更大的孢子(12–18×2μm)和更长的侧丝(140-180μm)。根据中国材料对这两个虫生真菌进行了详细描述。     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

杆状病毒出芽病毒粒子膜融合蛋白的研究进展

杆状病毒是一类感染节肢动物的病原微生物,其基因组为双链环状DNA,大小为80～180kb.     

Inception of the Modern Public Health System in China and Perspectives for Effective Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases: In Commemoration of the 140th Anniversary of the Birth of the Plague Fighter Dr. Wu Lien-Teh

In this article, we systematically review Dr. Wu Lien-Teh's academic achievements and outstanding contributions in the prevention and control of the plague epidemic in northeast China and introduce the development of the earliest public health epidemic prevention system in China in order to commemorate the 140th anniversary of Dr. Wu Lien-Teh's birth. We hope that this article will provide insights into the effective prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases as well as the current worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, facilitating the improvement and development of public health systems in China and around the globe.