丛赤壳科5个中国新记录种

对采自安徽、河南、湖北、云南和西藏等地的丛赤壳科标本进行系统分类研究,综合形态解剖、培养性状、DNA序列和无性阶段特征,报道5个中国新记录种：肯达拉赤壳Cosmospora khandalensis,翠绿赤壳C. viridescens,剑孢新赤壳Neocosmospora protoensiformis,罗杰森假赤壳Pseudocosmospora rogersonii和瘤顶赤壳Tumenectria laetidisca,对它们的宏微观特征和菌落形态进行了描述及图示。     

杆孢赤壳属一新组合(英文)

长期以来,杆孢赤壳属被视为丛赤壳属的异名,最近才恢复其属级分类地位。臧氏丛赤壳在形态特征上与杆孢赤壳属的模式种Allantonectria miltina很相似,在子囊壳解剖结构、近圆柱形至柱棒状子囊、腊肠形子囊孢子等方面均表现出共性。二者间形态相似性得到了6个基因序列分析的支持,因而将臧氏丛赤壳转入杆孢赤壳属,建立新组合臧氏杆孢赤壳。     

丛赤壳类真菌8个新组合（英文）

按现行的国际命名法规和肉座菌目名称提案委员会对属名的处理建议,对生赤壳科和丛赤壳科4个属中8个种的名称进行了命名上的订正,建立8个新组合:蜜黄枝穗霉Clonostachys mellea、平截枝穗霉C.truncata、囊胞枝穗霉C.vesiculosa、竹镰孢菌Fusarium bambusae、庐山新赤壳Neocosmospora lushanensis、平铺假赤壳Pseudocosmospora effusa、河南假赤壳P.henanensis和炭团假赤壳P.nummulariae。     

COI基因作为丛赤壳科真菌DNA条形码的测试

以丛赤壳科33种76个菌株为材料,探讨COI基因作为该科DNA条形码的可能性。结果表明,该DNA片段存在较多内含子,为了获取某些种的短片段,需设计许多引物,PCR扩增与测序成功率低,难以达到便捷、快速的物种鉴定的目的。因此,COI不宜作为丛赤壳科的DNA条形码。对已获得的少数片段进行分析表明,该基因对丛赤壳科部分种具有较强的物种鉴别力。     

生赤壳科和丛赤壳科的中国新记录种*

本文报道了生赤壳科和丛赤壳科的中国新记录16个种,它们隶属于生赤壳属 (Bionectria)、丽赤壳属 (Calonectria)、赤壳属 (Cosmospora)、血赤壳属 (Haematonectria)、丛赤壳属 (Nectria)和拟赤壳属 (Nectriopsis),变更了一个种的名称。     

生赤壳科和丛赤壳科的中国新记录种

本文报道了生赤壳科和丛赤壳科的中国新记录16个种,它们隶属于生赤壳属(Bionectria)、丽赤壳属(Calonectria)、赤壳属(Cosmospora)、血赤壳属(Haematonectria)、丛赤壳属(Nectria)和拟赤壳属(Nectriopsis),变更了一个种的名称。     

子囊具四个孢子的皱赤壳属一新种

描述了分布于中国热带、亚热带地区的丛赤壳科皱赤壳属Rugonectria一新种。对中国材料进行形态学和DNA序列分析相结合的研究表明,它们与日本报道的栗生皱赤壳R. castaneicola较为接近,但存在形态学和DNA序列上的明显差异,代表该属一个新种。     

多裂碎米荠内生真菌隐孢丛赤壳菌C2代谢产物研究

从多裂碎米荠(Cardamine multijuga)内生真菌隐孢丛赤壳菌Cryphonectria radicalis C2的代谢产物中分离得到两个化合物,经NMR、MS等现代谱学方法分别鉴定为蒽茜素(skyrin)(1)和大黄素(emodin)(2).活性测定结果表明,两个化合物对秀丽隐杆线虫没有杀虫活性.但蒽茜素对小麦根腐病菌禾旋孢腔菌和稻恶苗藤仓赤霉菌具有良好的抗真菌活性,而大黄素对禾旋孢腔菌、藤仓赤霉菌和魔芋镰刀菌等7株植物病原菌均具有良好的抗菌效果.     

丛赤壳科4个中国新记录种

报道了采集于山东、河南、四川和云南的丛赤壳科4个中国新记录种：乌列沃光赤壳、假赤壳、瘤顶乳突赤壳和悬钩子乳突赤壳。对我国材料的宏观和微观特征进行了详细描述和图示,并与上述种的原始描述以及ITS和28S rDNA序列进行了比较。     

香蕉植株根区土壤的真菌多样性分析

尖孢镰孢菌古巴专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)是香蕉枯萎病的病原菌,该菌是一种土壤习居菌,了解香蕉根区土壤中真菌多样性及镰孢菌属(Fusarium)真菌所占比例,对如何减少土壤中的病原菌、预防香蕉枯萎病的发生有重要的指导意义。该文通过采集不同宿根年限的香蕉健康植株和枯萎病植株的根区土壤,利用高通量测序技术测定土壤样品中的真菌种群。结果表明:(1)同一宿根年限的香蕉植株中,健康植株根区土壤中所获的reads及OTUs数量均高于枯萎病植株,说明健康植株根区土壤的真菌多样性丰富于枯萎病植株。(2)除了一年生香蕉枯萎病植株以担子菌门(Basidiomycota)为主外,其他土壤样品中均以子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为主,其中的丛赤壳科最高相对丰度来自三年生健康植株的根区土壤(26.02%),其次是五年生的枯萎病植株根区土壤(15.56%)。(3)在丛赤壳科中,镰孢菌属在三年生健康植株土壤中的相对丰度最高(2.54%),在其他样品中的相对丰度在0.1%～0.65%之间;在镰孢菌属中,腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)的相对丰度(0～1.59%...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.