腹泻患儿粪便A群轮状病毒抗原检测的结果分析

目的：了解本地区腹泻婴幼儿的A群轮状病毒感染情况及其流行特点。方法：采用胶体金法对我院2009年10月-2010年9月2104例有腹泻和肠炎特征的婴幼儿粪便进行A群轮状病毒抗原检测。结果：在2104例受检者中,A群轮状病毒感染的总阳性率是24．71％,其中男性感染率24．17％,女性为25．40％。不同年龄组间以1—2岁婴幼儿感染率最高,为32．13％,0-1岁为20．72％,2-5岁为12．03％。感染的季节特征是秋末冬初季（10—12月）阳性率最高,为42．82％,春末夏初季（4．6月）最低,为8．81％。结论：由A群轮状病毒感染引发的急性腹泻主要发生在1-2岁的婴幼儿,各个季节均有发生,以秋末冬初季为高发。     

腹泻患儿粪便中A群轮状病毒抗原阳性率及其相关因素分析

目的回顾性分析我院腹泻患儿粪便中A群轮状病毒抗原检测情况,为临床提供快捷、准确、可靠的诊断依据。方法收集腹泻患儿粪便标本2 869例,应用免疫层析双抗体夹心法检测A群轮状病毒抗原,对阳性率及其影响因素进行统计分析。结果2 869例检测结果中阳性946例,总阳性率为32.9%。1~2岁患儿阳性率最高,为36.5%;0~1岁阳性率其次,为32.3%;2~6岁患儿阳性率相对较低,为27.0%。不同年龄段间比较差异具有统计学意义(χ2=11.17,P0.05)。秋冬季节为轮状病毒感染率的高峰期,春夏季节较低,分别为39.5%和22.6%。不同季节两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(χ2=10.15,P0.05)。并且发现粪便以黏液便或水样便为特征的患儿A群轮状病毒感染率较高。结论轮状病毒是婴幼儿急性重症腹泻的主要病原体之一,及时进行轮状病毒抗原检测,对腹泻患儿的及时诊断和合理预防治疗具有重要意义。     

胶体金法与RT-PCR法测定A群轮状病毒及G血清型分型

目的了解婴幼儿A群轮状病毒腹泻的流行病学特征。方法收集浙江省苍南县人民医院2009年1-12月份的婴幼儿腹泻粪便标本,采用胶体金免疫层析法和逆转录-聚合酶链反应法进行轮状病毒抗原检测和血清型分型,分析G血清型分型。结果 828份婴幼儿腹泻粪便轮状病毒阳性率为33.45%。在轮状病毒腹泻患儿中,1岁以内占49.82%,2岁以内占89.89%。本地区轮状病毒腹泻呈现季节高峰,11月至次年1月为轮状病毒腹泻流行期。毒株分型显示G3型为流行优势株（51.6%）,其次是G1型（26.6%）;另有13.7%为混合感染,包括G1＋G3型（10.5%）、G2＋G3型（2.4%）和G1＋G9型（0.8%）。结论 2009年浙江省苍南县婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻的主要血清型是G3和G1,G3为优势毒株。 更多还原     

婴幼儿腹泻轮状病毒和腺病毒检测结果分析

目的了解本地区婴幼儿腹泻患者中轮状病毒和腺病毒的感染情况,为临床治疗提供依据。方法收集2013年1月-12月门诊和住院腹泻患儿的粪便,进行轮状病毒和腺病毒抗原检测,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果在检测的2 579例婴幼儿腹泻中轮状病毒阳性为616例,阳性率为23.89%,高发季节为1月、11月和12月,高发年龄组为13-24月婴幼儿,腺病毒阳性共102例,阳性率为3.96%,程散发状况,高发年龄组为7-12月的婴幼儿。结论轮状病毒和腺病毒都能引起婴幼儿腹泻,但是轮状病毒为最主要的病原体,及时检测轮状病毒抗原,为临床治疗和疾病监测提供参考。     

杭州地区腹泻儿童轮状病毒与腺病毒感染调查

目的分析不同季节及不同年龄段腹泻患儿感染轮状病毒(RV)与腺病毒(Eads)情况,为临床提供早期、快速、准确、可靠的依据,以便及时采取相应的治疗使患儿早日康复。方法采用杭州艾博医药有限公司提供的轮状病毒(A组)/腺病毒检测试剂盒(乳胶法),对2012年1月至2015年12月浙江省人民医院门诊和住院就诊的3 368例腹泻儿童粪便标本进行轮状病毒和腺病毒抗原检测。结果 3 368例腹泻儿童粪便中,RV阳性578例占17.16%,Eads阳性106例占3.15%。11月至次年1月为轮状病毒感染的高发月份,1~3岁为儿童感染的高发年龄;腺病毒感染阳性率低,呈散发性。结论杭州地区近年1~3岁婴幼儿的腹泻主要是由轮状病毒和腺病毒引起,其中轮状病毒感染率明显高于腺病毒,且有明显的季节性;而腺病毒感染呈散发流行,未表现出明显的季节性及年龄分布。     

婴幼儿腹泻100例病原微生物检验结果分析

目的:研究婴幼儿腹泻病原微生物成分的构成及流行特征,为临床治疗提供病原学参考依据。方法:选取我院2013年8月至2014年8月间收治的婴幼儿腹泻患儿100例,对100例粪便标本运用分离培养、生化鉴定等方法展开微生物检验,并分析病菌的类型。结果:100例标本,共分离62株菌,总检出率为62.0%,其中,26例被检出沙门氏菌,包含甲、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌及非伤寒型沙门氏菌,该病原菌检出率最高,达41.9%。病原菌在不同年龄段的感染率分布:年龄为1-5个月的患儿为13例,5例结果呈阳性,感染率为38.5%;年龄为6-12个月的患儿38例,27例结果呈阳性,感染率为71.1%;年龄为1-2岁的患儿23例,17例结果呈阳性,感染率为73.9%;年龄为3-6岁的患儿26例,13例结果呈阳性,感染率为50.0%。各年龄段患儿的感染率,差异具备统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:6个月-2岁年龄段的腹泻患儿感染病原菌的比例最高,沙门氏菌是引发婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原微生物。     

2019—2022年珠海市腹泻患者A组轮状病毒感染的流行病学分析

为分析珠海市腹泻人群中A组轮状病毒（RVA）检出情况与患者性别、年龄及感染时间的相关性,收集珠海市妇幼保健院2019年1月至2022年12月腹泻患者粪便样本,采用抗原试剂盒检测RVA抗原,对其结果应用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析。在收集的11 385例样本中,RVA总检出率为9.170%(1 044/11 385),性别分布无统计学差异（P>0.05）。各年龄段均检出RVA,29 d～<1岁婴儿的RVA阳性率最高,为9.962%(369/3 704),显著高于6～<12岁学龄期儿童、≥18岁成年人（P<0.01）,6岁以下儿童各年龄间RVA阳性率无统计学差异（P>0.05）。RVA感染全年均有发生,从月份看,2月阳性率最高,为15.456%(117/757),显著高于除1月、3月、5月的其他月份（P<0.01）;从季节看,春季阳性率最高,为11.666%(341/2 923),显著高于夏季和秋季（P<0.01）。研究表明,2019―2022年珠海地区RVA感染呈明显的季节性和人群分布特征,应在晚冬、初春季节加强对6岁以下儿童的重点防控。...     

苏浙闽地区婴幼儿急性腹泻患者病毒检测及 临床特征分析

目的分析苏浙闽地区婴幼儿急性腹泻患者常见病毒及患儿临床特征,为婴幼儿急性腹泻的流行病学研究和临床治疗提供参考。方法选取2010至2014年苏浙闽地区多家医院门诊就诊的急性腹泻患儿1 452例,采用ELISA法检测A组轮状病毒(HRV),多重PCR法检测诺如病毒(NoV)、肠道腺病毒(EAdV)和星状病毒(HAstV),并用RT-PCR法对A组轮状病毒阳性的样本进行G和P分型。结果 1 452例患儿中由常见病毒引起的急性腹泻患儿有707例,占总调查患者的48.69%。急性腹泻患儿常见病毒感染中单一病毒感染占90.10%(637/707),其感染病毒的构成以轮状病毒最多(47.52%,336/707),其次为诺如病毒(36.07%,255/707)以及星状病毒(2.40%,17/707)和肠道腺病毒(4.10%,29/707)。病毒感染腹泻患儿中多重感染者共70例,占9.90%(70/707),以A组轮状病毒合并诺如病毒感染最为常见,占多重感染者的68.57%(48/70)。226份A组轮状病毒阳性标本中,G分型以G1为优势分型,占33.19%;P分型中则以P [11]比例最高,占38.50%;G、P型组合以P [11]G11为主(38.50%)。结论 A组轮状病毒是引发婴幼儿急性腹泻的主要病毒,诺如病毒次之,且婴幼儿病毒性腹泻患者可合并多种病毒感染。不同地区腹泻患儿病毒感染阳性率有差异,轮状病毒基因型表现则具有多样性。     

上海部分地区小于5岁儿童轮状病毒及星状病毒性腹泻的临床分析

目的 了解上海地区≤5岁的患急性稀水样便腹泻患儿中轮状病毒感染及星状病毒感染的流行情况及其临床特征。方法 留取2006年6月~2007年3月复旦大学附属儿科医院门诊、住院及医院内感染腹泻患儿的部分粪便标本,应用免疫层析胶体金法检测轮状病毒。排除轮状病毒感染后,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测星状病毒。本实验主要研究对象为年龄≤5岁,病程≤2周,大便培养无条件致病菌生长患儿。结果 共收集724例急性腹泻粪便标本,年龄≤5岁人群轮状病毒阳性检出率42.5%,约85%患儿年龄≤2岁;病例全年均有发生,发病高峰主要集中在2006年12月~2007年1月。共240例急性腹泻轮状病毒阴性粪便标本中,年龄≤5岁人群星状病毒阳性检出率11.6%,53.6%患儿年龄≤2岁;观测期间病例散发,发病高峰主要集中在2006年10月~2007年1月。结论 轮状病毒是上海地区婴幼儿病毒性腹泻的重要病原,部分患儿伴肠道外损伤。星状病毒是上海地区婴幼儿病毒性腹泻的又一重要病原。     

沈阳地区婴幼儿RSV感染的病原学调查研究

查明冬春季沈阳地区婴幼儿RSV感染流行情况.采用APAAP法和IFA法对65例临床诊断为急性病毒性下呼吸道感染的婴幼儿进行了检查.在RSV感染的高发季节由RSV引起婴幼儿的急性下呼吸道感染的阳性率为44.60%(29/65),0～6个月婴幼儿感染率最高,为74.07%(20/27),并有明显的喘息倾向.以上结果表明RSV仍是引起婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染,特别是肺炎和毛细支气管炎的重要病原体,沈阳地区仍有流行.为防止和控制RSV的流行及为RSV的防治提供了依据.     

Rotaviruses in younger children in Novosibirsk in 2005-2007: detection and genotyping

Examination of 1898 patients with acute enteric infection from March 2005 to February 2007 showed that group A rotaviruses were the most frequent cause (35%) of acute gastroenteritis among children under 3 years of age. Majority of cases of rotavirus infection was detected in infants under 1 year of age (71.8%). The peak of sporadic incidence was observed between February and May. High rate of mixed infection (45.6%) was observed - associations of rotaviruses with other viruses (noroviruses, astroviruses) and bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella, enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, and opportunistic species) were detected. P- and G-genotypes of 337(50.8%) isolates of group A rotaviruses were determined by RT-PCR. The most prevalent strain was P[8]G1 (54.6%) followed by P[8]G3 (10.7%), P[8]G9 (8.6%), P[4]G2 (8.3%), and P[8]G4 (4.5%) genotypes.     

Data on the study of the epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Leningrad

The results obtained in the study of rotavirus infection in Leningrad in 1984-1987 are presented. Enzyme immunoassay techniques were used for the examination of 4,715 children aged 0-14 years and 1,162 adults with diagnosed acute enteral infection of unknown etiology, as well as the control group of 556 of healthy children aged 0-6 years and 77 healthy adults. The rotavirus antigen was detected in 1.210 sick children (25.7%) and 133 sick adults (11.4%), as well as in 6 healthy children (1.1%), but not detected in healthy adults. The following epidemiological regularities of rotavirus infection were established: the highest sick rate among children aged 0-2 years and a low level of rotavirus carriership among healthy persons; the seasonal character of rotavirus infection, its outbreaks occurring in winter and the epidemic periods varying in their character and duration in different years; the prevailing role of rotaviruses in the development of winter rises of acute enteral infection of unknown etiology in the city among children aged 0-2 years. The problem of the respiratory syndrome in rotavirus diarrhea is discussed. The rotavirus antigen was detected in 39 out of 144 children (27%) with diagnosed acute respiratory virus diseases and in 4 out of 99 nasopharyngeal washings (4%) from diarrhea patients. Adenoviruses were shown to play an insignificant role in the etiology of diarrhea (10% of cases).     

昆明婴幼儿腹泻的轮状病毒分子基因特征研究

目的了解昆明婴幼儿腹泻中轮状病毒感染情况。方法收集昆明医学院第一附属医院儿科2004年10-12月住院的腹泻的患儿粪便标本60份,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）法和RT—PCR法进行轮状病毒分型。结果60份粪便标本中,29份检测到A组轮状病毒RNA基因,阳性检出率为48.3％,未发现B组及C组轮状病毒。其中RNA长型有29份（100％）,未发现短型和混合型。对29份有明确编号的轮状病毒阳性标本来源的患儿分析显示,平均发病年龄10.5个月。29份标本中,有20份可用RT—PCR分型,均为G3型,未发现其他型。结论A组轮状病毒是昆明地区5岁以下婴幼儿腹泻病的主要病原,3月龄-2岁婴幼儿是轮状病毒的易感人群,以冬季10月份至12月份为流行高峰,基因组以长型为主,血清型为G3型。     

Efficacy,safety and immunogenicity of hexavalent rotavirus vaccine in Chinese infants

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted in healthy Chinese infants to assess the efficacy and safety of a hexavalent live human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (HRV) against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). A total of 6400 participants aged 6–12 weeks were enrolled and randomly assigned to either HRV (n = 3200) or placebo (n = 3200) group. All the subjects received three oral doses of vaccine four weeks apart. The vaccine efficacy (VE) against RVGE caused by rotavirus serotypes contained in HRV was evaluated from 14 days after three doses of administration up until the end of the second rotavirus season. VE against severe RVGE, VE against RVGE hospitalization caused by serotypes contained in HRV, and VE against RVGE, severe RVGE, and RVGE hospitalization caused by natural infection of any serotype of rotavirus were also investigated. All adverse events (AEs) were collected for 30 days after each dose. Serious AEs (SAEs) and intussusception cases were collected during the entire study. Our data showed that VE against RVGE caused by serotypes contained in HRV was 69.21% (95%CI: 53.31–79.69). VE against severe RVGE and RVGE hospitalization caused by serotypes contained in HRV were 91.36% (95%CI: 78.45–96.53) and 89.21% (95%CI: 64.51–96.72) respectively. VE against RVGE, severe RVGE, and RVGE hospitalization caused by natural infection of any serotype of rotavirus were 62.88% (95%CI: 49.11–72.92), 85.51% (95%CI: 72.74–92.30) and 83.68% (95%CI: 61.34–93.11). Incidences of AEs from the first dose to one month post the third dose in HRV and placebo groups were comparable. There was no significant difference in incidences of SAEs in HRV and placebo groups. This study shows that this hexavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine is an effective, well-tolerated, and safe vaccine for Chinese infants.     

A survey of rotavirus infection in the topics

The age distribution of rotavirus antibody in the serum of inhabitants of Laos and Indonesia was studied by the neutralization test using antigenically related calf rotavirus (NCDV) as a substitute for non-cultivable human rotavirus. The results revealed that both the rate of antibody-positives and the modal titers of antibody distribution by each age group in these countries were higher than those in respective are groups of Japanese, which suggest higher endemicity of rotavirus infection in these countries. A survey of rotavirus in diarrheic patients' stools by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that the virus infection occurred most frequently among infants between 4 and 12 months of age.     

Persistent rotavirus infection in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency.

Rotaviruses are important pathogens of human infants and the infants of many animal species. The disease produced by these viruses can be described as an acute, self-limiting diarrheal disease, with virus replication localized to the differentiated epithelial enterocytes of the small intestine. Immunologically normal infants shed virus for approximately 5 to 12 days after the onset of infection. Recently, it has been shown that rotavirus can produce a chronic infection in severely immunocompromised children, with virus shedding and intermittent diarrhea lasting from 6 weeks to 2 years (G. A. Losonsky, J. P. Johnson, J. A. Winkelstein, and R. H. Yolken, J. Clin. Invest. 76:2362-2367, 1985; F. T. Saulsbury, J. A. Winkelstein, and R. H. Yolken, J. Pediatr. 97:61-65, 1980). These findings point to an important role for the immune system in recovery from the disease. The study described here examined the outcome of murine rotavirus infection in mice with severe combined B- and T-cell immunodeficiency (SCID) and in immunologically normal seronegative BALB/c mice. Persistent rotavirus infection was established in all mice with SCID which had been inoculated orally as pups. Low levels of virus replication and constant fecal virus shedding characterized the chronic infection. This is the first report of a persistent rotavirus infection in an animal model.     

Detection of human rotavirus in hospitalized diarrheic children in central India

During the present study, group A human rotaviruses were detected among diarrheic children using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique, with a typical RNA migration pattern of 4:2:3:2, suggestive of group A rotavirus. During the study, a total of 46 fecal samples collected from hospitalized children with acute diarrhea as well as children inhabiting nearby animal farms with history of presence of animal rotaviruses on the farms were processed for detection of human rotavirus. Out of 33 diarrheic children, 12 showed presence of rotavirus infection (36.36%), however, none of the children from animal farm areas showed presence of rotavirus. Female children were more susceptible to rotavirus infection (46.15%) than males (30%). Majority of the cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis belonged up to one year of the age, with an incidence of 40.91%. RNA profile of rotaviruses suggested circulation of 5 different electropherotypes in this geographical locale of the country, indicating existence of genomic diversity among human rotaviruses. Majority of the isolates were of long pattern (66.67%), whereas short pattern was detected only in one third of the viruses. This preliminary study emphasizes for further detailed studies on the molecular characterization of rotaviruses circulating in this part of country and their relationship with other human rotavirus strains and animal strains in the country.     

宝乐安（酪酸梭菌散剂）治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎96例疗效观察

目的观察和评价宝乐安（酪酸梭菌CGMCC0313.1散剂）治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎的临床疗效。方法将184例轮状病毒性肠炎患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组96例,宝乐安联合炎琥宁进行治疗,对照组88例,单独应用炎琥宁治疗,观察疗效和不良反应。结果观察组总有效率为86.46%,对照组总有效为62.50%,差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。结论宝乐安联合抗病毒药物炎琥宁治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎疗效显著,且未见不良反应,值得临床推广应用。