粟酒裂殖酵母中指示线粒体形态的荧光标签的构建

粟酒裂殖酵母是优秀的研究线粒体模型机理的模式生物.为建立适合粟酒裂殖酵母的指示线粒体形态的荧光标签,本研究以pYJ19质粒为骨架,构建了由粟酒裂殖酵母nmt41启动子控制的、以增强型绿色荧光EGFP为报告基因、以粟酒裂殖酵母自身蛋白Cox4为线粒体定位序列(Mitochondrial targeting sequences)来源的mts和以leu1营养为选择标记的质粒系统pMTS7.将pMTS7转化粟酒裂殖酵母yHL6381,以Mito-Tracker线粒体染料为对照,荧光显微镜观察结果发现,pMTS7能够与MitoTracker共定位,能正确显示线粒体定位.与具有一定毒性且染色结果不易控制的MitoTracker相比,利用pMTS7标记线粒体可以在显微镜下长时间观察清晰的线粒体形态,而且可以看到线粒体分裂融合的动态变化.pMTS7的成功构建为研究粟酒裂殖酵母中线粒体相关基因的突变体提供了技术工具.     

基于综合生物标志物响应指数法评估近岸海洋环境压力——以广西西部沿海为例

2011-2012年,在广西西部沿海设置5个站点,以野生文蛤作为指示生物进行3次采样监测.从个体、细胞和分子水平选择了钻沙所需时间、吞噬能力、溶酶体膜稳定性、血浆三价铁还原力、乙酰胆碱酯酶活性及彗星率6项指标,利用综合生物标志物响应指数模型(IBR),整合上述生物标志物指标,并转化为形象直观的星状图,对调查站点的环境状况进行风险评估.结果表明: 各站点的综合生物标志物响应指数值(IBR/n)介于2.30~8.68,茅尾海的环境压力最大,北仑河口最小.虽然不同的生物标志物对污染压力的响应存在差异,但利用IBR可以有效区分文蛤所在区域的环境压力状况.利用生物标志物的监测结果与化学监测结果基本吻合.     

苹果酸酶基因转化酿酒酵母的研究进展

微生物降酸是现代葡萄酒酿造工艺中重要环节之一。利用现代生物技术将粟酒裂殖酵母中的苹果酸酶基因和苹果酸通透酶基因共同转化到酿酒酵母中,构建苹果酸-酒精酵母,使之既能进行酒精发酵,又能分解苹果酸。主要对近些年粟酒裂殖酵母苹果酸酶性质、基因结构及其转化酿酒酵母的研究做了回顾与总结,并指出了有待于解决的问题。     

由环境变化和生殖力响应规律揭示大型动物灭绝的必然性

由实验和一些例子验证了环境压力与物种生殖力相关性：由食物、密度、捕食等因子构成环境压力,一些物种生殖力随着压力变化,在中等压力时生殖力较大,在低压力及高压力时生殖力减小,物种差异影响生殖力响应差异,大型物种在低压力环境生殖力减量较大。结果说明气候长期变暖导致一些大型物种灭绝：由于不同物种增长率差异。当出现某些大型物种数量远小于环境可容纳量,即产生低压力环境,将造成大型物种生殖力退化而灭绝。由环境变化和生殖力响应规律合理解释大型物种濒危机理和一些灭绝事件。     

胞外Ca~(2 )促进粟酒裂殖酵母细胞增殖作用的研究

研究了胞外Ca~(2 )对粟酒裂殖酵母（Schizosaccharomycespombe）细胞增殖的影响。实验结果首次证明胞外Ca~(2 )能明显促进粟酒裂殖酵母的增殖,其作用方式主要是缩短了粟酒裂殖酵母的生长延滞期。当起始的接种细胞密度升高至使粟酒裂殖酵母的生长延滞期消失时,外加Ca~(2 )的作用也消失。EGTA可抑制粟酒裂殖酵母的细胞增殖,而外加Ca~(2 )能够有效消除EGTA的抑制作用,进一步说明胞外Ca~(2 )是粟酒裂殖酵母增殖所必需的。此外,外加EGTA除了可延长细胞增殖的延滞期外,还能显著降低指数期细胞分裂的速率以及达到稳定期时培养液中的细胞总数,提示缺Ca~(2 )还影响粟酒裂殖酵母细胞的分裂。     

外源钙调素对粟酒裂殖酵母细胞增殖的影响

外源钙调素（CaM）对粟酒裂殖酵母（Schizosaccharomycespombe）细胞增殖的影响。实验结果表明外源CaM能明显抑制粟酒裂殖酵母细胞的增殖,其作用方式是延长了粟酒裂殖酵母细胞生长的延滞期。抗粟酒裂殖酵母CaM抗体、TFP及Phenyl-SepharoseCL－4B能降低CaM对细胞生长的抑制作用,而Ca2+及Ca2+螫合剂EGTA对CaM的抑制作用均无影响。以上结果提示,外源CaM对粟酒裂殖酵母细胞增殖的抑制作用可能是由于胞外CaM激活了细胞膜上的Ca2+泵,使胞内Ca2+浓度降低所致。     

粟酒裂殖酵母全基因组中含信号肽蛋白质的研究

对粟酒裂殖酵母全基因组3条染色体上的4,997个蛋白序列进行了全局性的分析,利用signalP3.0软件分析这些蛋白的N-末端信号肽序列, 预测有N-末端分泌信号肽序列的蛋白196个;利用TMpred 软件分析跨膜结构, 预测跨膜蛋白117个; 使用PrositeScan程序分析膜脂蛋白的脂结合位点, 预测有膜脂结合蛋白13个, 进而预测分泌性蛋白序列66个。使用Target P分析66个分泌蛋白的蛋白序列, 研究这些蛋白在细胞中的定位。这些分泌蛋白的功能涉及粟酒裂殖酵母的营养、生殖、细胞间以及细胞与环境间的交流等许多方面, 对细胞的生存和繁殖有重要意义, 在系统生物学的研究中有重要参考价值。粟酒裂殖酵母分泌组的研究也将为粟酒裂殖酵母作为药物筛选模型以及开发为外源蛋白表达的宿主提供基础。     

含35S启动子的粟酒裂殖酵母表达载体的构建及功能鉴定

利用PCR技术从植物表达载体pBI121上先后克隆出GUS基因和35S-GUS-NOS基因序列,分别构建粟酒裂殖酵母重组表达载体pESP-2-GUS和pESP-2-35S.GUS.NOS,并将它们转化到粟酒裂殖酵母菌体中.通过对不同液体培养基中两种转化子的不同启动子启动GUS基因表达产物的GUS染色分析与比较,证明连入的35S启动子能够替代pESP-2自身受维生素B1浓度调控的启动子,从而降低了培养基的成本,为今后工业上利用粟酒裂殖酵母发酵生产产品,提高经济效益,奠定了基础.     

胞外Ca2+促进粟酒裂殖酵母细胞增殖作用的研究

研究了胞外Ca²⁺对粟酒裂殖酵母Schizosaccharomyces pombe)细胞增殖的影响。实验结果首次证明胞外Ca²⁺能明显促进粟酒裂殖酵母的增殖,其作用方式主要是缩短了粟酒裂殖酵母的生长延滞期。当起始的接种细胞密度升高至使粟酒裂殖酵母的生长延滞期消失时,外加Ca²⁺的作用也消失。EGTA可抑制粟酒裂殖酵母的细胞增殖,而外加Ca²⁺能够有效消除EGTA的抑制作用,进一步说明胞外Ca²⁺是粟酒裂殖酵母增殖所必需的。此外,外加EGTA除了可延长细胞增殖的延滞期外,还能显著降低指数期细胞分裂的速率以及达到稳定期时培养液中的细胞总数,提示缺Ca²⁺还影响粟酒裂殖酵母细胞的分裂。     

粟酒裂殖酵母线粒体及线粒体RNA的提取

粟酒裂殖酵母是一个研究线粒体生物合成的优秀的真核生物模型。本研究利用差速和蔗糖梯度离心法获得了粟酒裂殖酵母线粒体。用BCA法检测了线粒体蛋白浓度,用Western-blot和电子显微镜检测了线粒体纯度以及完整度。以纯化获得的线粒体进行RNAs提取,得到包括t RNA和小RNA在内的线粒体RNA,并用电泳和定量PCR检测了线粒体RNAs的纯度和完整度。结果表明,我们得到了高质量的粟酒裂殖酵母线粒体和线粒体RNAs。线粒体和线粒体RNA制备方法为研究蛋白靶标、蛋白定位和线粒体RNA加工提供了技术工具。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.