CD59、CD55在T细胞活化信号转导中的协同作用

目的：研究糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GeD）锚固蛋白CD59、CD55在脂筏介导T细胞信号转导通路中的协同效应。方法：应用siRNA技术,构建特异性针对CD55与CD59基因的重组载体pSUPER—siCD55,pSUPER—siCD59。实验分为未转染的Jurkat细胞组（I组）、转染pSUPER空质粒的Jurkat细胞组（Ⅱ组）、转染pSUPER—siCD59重组质粒的Jurkat细胞组（Ⅲ组）及转染pSUPER—siCD55重组质粒的Jurkat细胞组（Ⅳ组）。RT—PCR检测转染细胞中CD55和CD59基因的表达。噻唑蓝（MTT）比色法和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜分别检测CD55与CD59联合作用对4组Jurkat细胞的增殖效应以及细胞内钙离子的变化。结果：稳定转染后,Ⅲ组细胞CD59分子的表达和Ⅳ组细胞CD55分子的表达被成功抑制。Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组细胞CD55与CD59联合作用后增殖能力和钙离子浓度均明显高于Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组（P〈0．05）,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组之间无差异。结论：CD59和CD55在T细胞活化信号转导通路中存在协同效应。     

活化/抑制CD59 对T 淋巴细胞增殖的影响

目的：研究活化/抑制CD59 分子对T 细胞增殖的影响。方法：Jurkat细胞分别电转入pSUPER-siCD59 质粒及用CD59 活化 抗体刺激。激光共聚焦显微镜下观察细胞的电转情况及CD59 分子在细胞膜上的分布及表达;MTT 比色法检测细胞的增殖。 Western blot检测CD59 分子表达及T细胞活化相关蛋白ZAP70磷酸化水平。结果：激光共聚焦显微镜下可见电转染细胞表达绿 色荧光,转染效率约为40%。转染pSUPER-siCD59 质粒后CD59荧光强度强度降低,CD59 分子均匀分布于细胞膜与正常Jurkat 细胞分布一致。抗体活化后CD59 在细胞膜成簇状分布。抗体活后细胞增殖速率和磷酸化ZAP70 的蛋白表达水平均高于正常组 （P<0.05）,而细胞电转质粒后则恰恰相反。结论：CD59 通过与信号转导分子的相互作用促进T 细胞活化增殖。     

活化／抑制CD59对T淋巴细胞增殖的影响

目的：研究活化／抑制cD59分子对T细胞增殖的影响。方法：Jurkat细胞分别电转入pSUPER-siCD59质粒及用CD59活化抗体刺激。激光共聚焦显微镜下观察细胞的电转情况及cD59分子在细胞膜上的分布及表达;MTT比色法检测细胞的增殖。Westernblot检测CD59分子表达及T细胞活化相关蛋白ZAP70磷酸化水平。结果：激光共聚焦显微镜下可见电转染细胞表达绿色荧光,转染效率约为40％。转染pSUPER-siCD59质粒后CD59荧光强度强度降低,CD59分子均匀分布于细胞膜与正常Jurkat细胞分布一致。抗体活化后CD59在细胞膜成簇状分布。抗体活后细胞增殖速率和磷酸化ZAP70的蛋白表达水平均高于正常组（P〈0．05）,而细胞电转质粒后则恰恰相反。结论：CD59通过与信号转导分子的相互作用促进T细胞活化增殖。     

靶向CD59的siRNA抑制人卵巢癌细胞A2780裸鼠移植瘤的实验研究

目的:通过体内动物实验研究CD59-siRNA对卵巢癌移植瘤CD59的沉默效应及其抑瘤作用,探讨CD59在肿瘤免疫逃逸中的作用.方法:采用脂质体转染法将CD59干扰质粒(T组)和空质粒(V组)转染A2780细胞,获得稳定表达细胞株,将前两组A2780细胞和未转染(C组)的A2780细胞分别接种于裸鼠皮下建立肿瘤模型,通过绘制肿瘤生长曲线、RT-PCR和Western Blot 研究其抑瘤效应及对CD59的沉默效应.结果:肿瘤生长曲线显示,与对照组相比,CD59干扰质粒转染组肿瘤生长明显受抑制(P<0.05). RT-PCR和Western Blot结果表明,干扰组的CD59mRNA及CD59蛋白与对照组相比显著降低(P<0.05).结论:动物实验表明,特异性沉默CD59基因的siRNA表达载体可以明显抑制CD59的表达及卵巢癌在体内的生长,进一步说明了CD59在肿瘤免疫逃逸中的作用.     

CD59天然抗原的制备及纯化

目的 构建人matureCD59-mFC—pBOS真核表达载体,转染COSa细胞进行瞬时表达,对表达产物进行鉴定及纯化。方法在人Jurkat细胞中提取细胞总RNA,运用RT—PCR方法扩增matureCD59基因,定向克隆入带有mFC标签的真核表达载体pBOS中,大提质粒后通过电转仪转染COSa细胞,ELISA及特异抗体检测CD59的表达,并大量收集细胞上清用ProteinA进行纯化。结果构建r重组载体matureCD59．mFC—pBOS,瞬时转染COSa细胞,初步纯化得到天然表达的CD59抗原。结论带有mFC标签的CD59天然抗原的得到为制备抗人CD59单克隆抗体开辟了一条新的途径。     

突变人CD59分子真核表达体系的构建和功能的初步研究

构建突变人CD59分子(HMCD59)真核表达体系,探讨HMCD59糖基化前后抗补体活性的变化。采用重组PCR定点诱变技术在CD59易于糖基化的位点构建CD59突变基因,克隆入真核表达质粒pALTER-MAX。利用阳离子脂质体将重组质粒和pcDNA3共转染中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)。G418压力筛选稳定转染细胞克隆,检测筛选HMCD59蛋白高表达株。免疫印迹技术(Western blot)检测出HMCD59蛋白分子量约为20kDa。2,7-二羧乙基-5,6羧基荧光素(BCECF)释放实验初步证实HMCD59具有抗补体活性,糖基化后抗补体活性明显降低,为进一步研究糖尿病血管增殖症的发生机制提供了线索。     

CD47基因对食道癌细胞增殖的影响

本研究将CD47-si RNA转染至食道癌细胞,采用蛋白免疫印迹检测食道癌细胞中CD47蛋白的表达,MTT法检测CD47-siRNA转染组和空质粒转染组(对照组)食道癌细胞增殖状态,蛋白免疫印迹检测CD47-siRNA转染组和空质粒转染组(对照组)食道癌细胞中PCNA蛋白表达,DCFDA染色流式细胞仪检测食道癌细胞CD47-siRNA转染组和空质粒转染组(对照组)中ROS水平,以探究CD47基因对食道癌发生发展的影响。研究结果表明,CD47-si RNA转染组食道癌细胞中CD47蛋白明显低于对照组;CD47-siRNA转染组食道癌细胞增殖率显著低于对照组(p<0.05);CD47-siRNA转染组细胞增殖相关蛋白PCNA低于对照组(p<0.01);CD47-siRNA转染组食道癌细胞中ROS水平明显高于对照组(p<0.05)。本研究初步认为:CD47-siRNA可降低食道癌细胞中CD47蛋白表达,抑制食道癌细胞的增殖并增加食道癌细胞中ROS水平。     

重组anti－CD20 scFv／CD80／CD28/ζ非复制型逆转录病毒的构建及其在Jurkat细胞株中的表达

目的:构建表达anti-CD20 scFv/CD80/CD28/ζ重组非复制型逆转录病毒,转染Jurkat细胞株使其表达目的蛋白.方法:采用DNA重组技术把pBULLET上的CD28-ζcDNA插入到已含anti-CD20 scFv/CD80的真核逆转录病毒载体pLNCX质粒上,转染PA 317细胞株,收获上清液获非复制型逆转录病毒,感染NIH 3T3细胞株,用PCR、流式细胞术检测目的基因在NIH 3T3细胞的表达情况,确定病毒滴度.挑取高滴度的包装细胞株收获病毒,感染Jurkat细胞,经G418筛选细胞,用RT-PCR检测目的基因表达情况.结果:经酶切及测序鉴定均证实pLNCX/anti-CD20 scFv/CD80/CD28/ζ的成功构建; 用PCR能够从逆转录病毒感染的NIH 3T3细胞中扩增出一条与目的基因大小一致的DNA片段; 流式细胞术检测显示该目的基因能够在NIH 3T3细胞中表达目的蛋白; 经RT-PCR,能够从转染的Jurkat细胞株中扩增出1条与目的基因大小一致的DNA片段.结论:成功构建高滴度表达anti-CD20 scFv/CD80/CD28/ζ非复制型逆转录病毒,并能在Jurkat细胞中表达目的蛋白.     

Anti-CD20scFv/IgGFc/CD80/CD28/zeta转染人T淋巴细胞对原代CLL细胞的作用

目的:将已成功构建表达anti-CD20scFv/CD80/CD28/zeta转染人T淋巴细胞,体外观察该类细胞特异性清除CD20+原代慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)细胞的能力,为肿瘤的过继免疫治疗提供新思路。方法:将本室成功构建的含anti-CD20scFv/IgGFc/CD80片段的PLNCX质粒,转染PA317包装细胞,挑取高滴度的包装细胞株收获逆转录病毒,用收获的病毒感染刺激分裂的人外周血T细胞,经G418筛选后与CD20+原代CLL细胞在体外共同培养,在显微镜下观察CD20+的原代CLL细胞生长状态,ELISA检测试剂盒检测T细胞分泌细胞因子的功能。结果:重组基因修饰的T细胞能在体外杀伤CD20+原代CLL细胞,而对CD20-细胞无杀伤作用;同时靶细胞为CD20+组上清液中IL-2(1301.00pg/ml)和IFN-γ(602.18pg/ml)水平与CD20-组相比明显升高。结论:嵌合锚定T细胞能够成功构建;该类T细胞在体外能特异性杀伤CD20+的原代CLL细胞。     

异种器官移植用血管内皮细胞特异表达人CD59重组基因的构建

PCR插入法将人细胞间粘附分子（ICAM－2）启动子、人CD59－enhancer克隆到human CD59cDNA-pcDNA3表达质粒中,进行序列测定及分析。成功地构建了异种器官移植用血管内皮细胞特异表达人CD59重组基因,提供了CD59重组基因用于转基因动物的研究。     

人CD46 RNAi 逆转录病毒载体系统的构建与鉴定

目的:构建并筛选携带针对CD46基因的pSUPER retro RNAi逆转录病毒载体,从而特异、有效地抑制人CD46mRNA水平。方法:利用DNA重组技术,将2条60nt能转录产生靶向CD46小发夹RNA(shRNA)的寡核苷酸序列,定向克隆入逆转录病毒载体pSUPER retro,并转化大肠杆菌JM109。结果:重组载体经PCR及限制性内切酶酶切鉴定初步成功后送测序,结果表明序列正确。结论:特异性沉默CD46基因的pSUPER retro RNAi逆转录病毒载体构建成功,为后续转染Jurkat细胞,研究CD46在T细胞的信号转导中的作用奠定了基础,对进一步研究T细胞相关疾病及开展细胞免疫缺陷的治疗方面提供了新的思路与方向。     

HUMAN B CELL DIFFERENTIATION: DEPENDENCE ON INTERACTIONS WITH MONOCYTES AND T LYMPHOCYTES VIA CD40, CD80 (B7.1), AND THE CD2-LIGANDS CD48 AND CD58 (LFA-3)

B cell differentiation depends on cellular interactions with T lymphocytes and monocytes via adhesion molecules (AM). In order to characterize AM which are required for B cell differentiation immunoglobulin production using unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was studied. Unstimulated human PBMC were cultured for 9 days with mAb directed at CD2/CD48, /CD58, CD59, CD5/CD72, CD11a—CD18/CD54, CD28/CD80, CD86, CD40/CD40L, or rat CD2 (control). B cell differentiation was quantified measuring IgM and in some cases IgA, IgG, and IgE production. IgM levels were significantly reduced by mAb against CD40, CD48, CD58 and CD80. The reduction was not due to isotype switching to IgA, IgG or IgE. The role of CD40, CD48, CD58 and CD80 was further investigated after depletion of different cell types. Depletion of monocytes and NK cells resulted in no detectable IgM production irrespective of added mAbs. In contrast, IgM production was still present after depletion of T cells and NK cells. Only mAb against CD80 and CD48 significantly reduced IgM production, the reduction of IgM production by anti-CD40 mAb was less than in the presence of T cells. Importantly, anti-CD58 mAb had no effect on IgM production after T cell and NK cell depletion. Taken together, the AM CD40, CD48, CD58, and CD80 are involved in Ig production of unseparated PBMCs. In this model of B cell differentiation only the AM CD58 depend on the presence of T cells while CD48 and CD80 help was found to be T cell independent.     

Differential CD3/T cell antigen receptor-mediated IL-2 production in jurkat T cells. Dissociation of IL-2 response from total inositol phosphate and calcium responses

We used three anti-human anti-CD3 mAb each recognizing different surface CD3 epitopes to differentially perturb the CD3/TCR complex on the surface of Jurkat T cells. In the presence of phorbol ester, these anti-CD3 mAb triggered differential IL-2 production in Jurkat T cells, which could not be explained by differences in kinetics of IL-2 production, by differences in IL-2 adsorption caused by differential surface expression of p55 or p75 IL-2R, by effects on IL-2 secretion rather than actual synthesis, or by differential toxicities of the anti-CD3 mAb to Jurkat cells. In addition, this differential anti-CD3-induced IL-2 production could not be explained by differences in mAb isotype or in avidities of the anti-CD3 mAb for the Jurkat cells. Moreover, anti-CD3 mAb covalently immobilized onto beads also differentially induced IL-2 production in Jurkat cells, suggesting that the differential IL-2 response is not based on differential rates of anti-CD3-induced modulation of Jurkat cell surface CD3. Although differences among the anti-CD3 mAb in the initial rates of binding to Jurkat cell were observed, this was also believed unlikely to explain the differential IL-2 response. Regardless of the anti-CD3 mAb used, anti-CD3-induced total inositol phosphate (IP) production did not necessarily correlate with anti-CD3-induced IL-2 production. Nevertheless, despite the differences among the anti-CD3 mAb in inducing IL-2 production, the calcium responses were grossly similar. Taken together, these observations indicate that CD3/TCR-mediated IL-2 production in Jurkat cells can be dissociated from total IP generation, and the basis of differential CD3/TCR-mediated IL-2 production in these cells does not appear to be at the level of the initial activation-induced calcium response. These studies suggest that the nature of the CD3/TCR ligand (its physical form and/or the specific epitope it perturbs) can either directly influence intracellular events distal to the generation of IP and increase in intracellular free calcium leading to differential IL-2 production or can trigger IP-independent pathways that affect IL-2 production.     

Activation of human T cell clones and Jurkat cells by cross-linking class I MHC molecules

Cross-linking class I MHC molecules on human T cell clones by reacting them with various mAb directed at either monomorphic or polymorphic determinants on class I MHC molecules followed by cross-linking with GaMIg stimulated a rise in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and induced proliferation and IL-2 production. T cell clones varied in the mean density of class I MHC molecules and the capacity to respond to mAb to class I MHC molecules. However, the functional responses of the clones did not correlate with class I MHC density or the CD4/CD8 phenotype. mAb to polymorphic class I MHC determinants were less able to induce an increase in [Ca2+]i and a functional response in the T cell clones. Additive stimulatory effects were noted when mAb against both HLA-A and HLA-B determinants were employed. Cross-linking class I MHC molecules on Jurkat cells induced a rise by [Ca2+]i and induced IL-2 production upon co-stimulation with PMA. Cross-linking class I MHC molecules on mutant Jurkat cells that expressed diminished levels of CD3 and were unable to produce IL-2 in response to anti-CD3 stimulation triggered both a rise in [Ca2+]i and IL-2 production with PMA co-stimulation. In contrast, cross-linking class I MHC molecules on mutant Jurkat cells that were CD3- stimulated neither a rise in [Ca2+]i nor IL-2 production. The combination of mAb to CD28 or ionomycin and PMA, however, was able to induce IL-2 production by CD3- Jurkat cells. The data demonstrate that cross-linking class I MHC molecules delivers a functionally important signal to T cell clones and Jurkat cells and indicate that class I MHC molecules may function to transduce activation signals to T cells. In addition, the data demonstrate that transmission of an activation signal via class I MHC molecules requires CD3 expression. The data, therefore, support a central role for CD3 in the transduction of activation signals to T cells via class I MHC molecules.     

Induction of human T cell proliferation by a monoclonal antibody to CD5.

A mouse mAb, TS 43, which recognized the human CD5 molecule, was found to induce the proliferation of human peripheral blood T cells. TS 43 mAb precipitated from 125I-radiolabeled T cells a 67-kDa band, which comigrated with the 67-kDa band precipitated by the anti-CD5 mAb OKT1. Preclearing of cell lysates with OKT1 mAb abolished the capacity of TS 43 mAb to precipitate radiolabeled material from T cell lysates. Furthermore, a mouse T cell hybridoma transfected with human CD5 was stained by TS 43 mAb. T cell proliferation mediated by TS 43 mAb was monocyte dependent, and was accompanied by IL-2R expression and by IL-2 synthesis. T cell activation by TS 43 mAb involved a rise in intracellular calcium level (CA2+)i and was dependent on the expression of the TCR/CD3 complex because no rise in (Ca2+)i was observed in a TCR-beta-deficient Jurkat T cell mutant. This study indicates that CD5 should be added to the list of surface molecules that can signal T cells to proliferate.     

IL-6 is an accessory signal in the alternative CD2-mediated pathway of T cell activation

Recent studies have demonstrated that IL-1 and IL-6 are synergistic accessory signals for activation of T cells. In this study, highly purified human T cells were cultured with either a stimulating pair of anti-CD2 mAb or with immobilized anti-CD3 mAb. Monocytes, a cellfree monocyte culture supernatant or IL-1 were required for anti-CD2-stimulated T cell proliferation, and they each strongly enhanced anti-CD3-induced T cell growth. IL-6 was synergistic with IL-1 as a helper factor for T cell growth after activation via CD2, but we could not demonstrate any effect of IL-6 in the CD3 pathway. The mechanism of the synergistic helper activity of IL-1 and IL-6 on T cell activation in the CD2 pathway was further examined. IL-1 (but not IL-6) was required for induction of IL-2 production. Both IL-1 and IL-6 enhanced IL-2R (p55) expression and the proliferative response to IL-2. T cell proliferation after stimulation with anti-CD2 and IL-1 or IL-1/IL-6 proceeded through an autocrine IL-2-dependent pathway. Moreover we found that, in the absence of IL-1, IL-6 still supported a transient and limited proliferation of anti-CD2- (but not of anti-CD3-) stimulated T cells, which apparently was independent of the autocrine growth factors IL-2 or IL-4. Our data suggest that IL-6 is important as an accessory signal for T cell growth in the CD2 pathway of T cell activation.