来氟米特联合依那西普对佐剂性关节炎大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：研究来氟米特和依那西普联合使用对佐剂性关节炎（AA）大鼠的治疗作用及其可能的作用机制。方法：建立AA大鼠关节炎模型,分为正常对照组、模型组、来氟米特组、依那西普组、来氟米特联合依那西普配伍组;采用关节炎指数评分法评价大鼠关节炎症程度,半定量RT-PCR和放射免疫法检测滑膜组织及血清中IL-1β、TNF-α表达水平,免疫组化方法检测滑膜组织中MMP－3含量。结果：①相较于AA模型组,来氟米特组、依那西普组和配伍组中大鼠的AI评分均显著下降（P〈0．01）,其中以配伍组关节炎指数为最低（P〈0．05）。②模型组大鼠血清及滑膜组织的IL-1β和TNF-α水平明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,用药后各组的IL-1β和TNF-α水平均有所下降,并以配伍组降低最为明显（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;③模型组大鼠滑膜组织MMP-3表达阳性密度显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,用药后备组的MMP-3阳性密度降低（P〈0．01）,其中配伍组下降程度明显高于来氟米特组和依那西普组（P〈0．01）。结论：来氟米特和依那西普联合使用可明显减轻AA大鼠的关节炎症,降低血清和滑膜组织中IL-1β和TNF-α平,减少滑膜中MMP-3的表达,疗效优于单独使用来氟米特或依那西普。     

胶原性关节炎大鼠炎性细胞因子的动态观察

目的通过对胶原性关节炎(CIA)大鼠多个细胞因子的动态观察,了解其变化规律,为阐明RA发病机制及CIA大鼠的模型研究提供实验依据。方法建立CIA大鼠模型。分别于初次免疫后第0、10、20、30、40、50、60天记录大鼠的体重,测量大鼠后足体积和足垫厚度,计算关节炎指数;HE染色光镜下观察关节滑膜病理变化;采用ELISA方法检测大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平变化。结果造模成功后的CIA大鼠14 d左右出现炎症反应,30 d左右达高峰,以后炎症逐渐减轻。与同期空白对照组大鼠相比,CIA大鼠血清中TNF-α水平10 d明显升高(P<0.01),IL-1β和IL-6水平20 d明显升高(P<0.05),三者水平均30 d达高峰(P<0.01),以后持续存在,但水平有所降低。结论 CIA大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6在RA的整个病程中一直发挥着重要作用。     

膝关节炎患者关节置换术后细菌感染严重程度与IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平的相关性

目的探讨膝关节炎患者关节置换术后细菌感染严重程度与IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平的相关性。方法选取2016年8月至2018年8月于我院进行治疗的70例膝关节炎关节置换术后细菌感染患者作为试验组,参照Michel Lequesen推荐的膝关节炎严重性判断标准将膝关节炎关节置换术后细菌感染患者分为极严重组、非常严重组、严重组、中度组和轻度组。选取同期来我院体检中心进行体检的健康者50例为对照组。采用全自动生化免疫分析仪测定血清IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α水平。结果试验组患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。极严重组患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于非常严重组、严重组、中度组和轻度组(均P<0.05)。非常严重组患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于严重组、中度组和轻度组(均P<0.05)。严重组患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于中度组和轻度组(均P<0.05)。IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平与膝关节炎关节置换术后细菌感染严重程度呈显著正相关(均P<0.05)。结论膝关节炎关节置换术后细菌感染患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平明显升高,并且病情越严重,IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平越高。     

TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路在依那西普缓解大鼠类风湿性关节炎中的作用

目的:探讨依那西普(ETN)对胶原诱导大鼠类风湿性关节炎(CIA)的缓解作用及其机制。方法:实验动物分为3组(n=10):(1)对照组;(2)生理盐水治疗组(NS组);(3)(0.5 mg/kg)依那西普治疗组(ETN组)。其中(2)和(3)组的鼠在炎症分值达到两分及以上时随机分组开始治疗。药物采用皮下注射牛Ⅱ型胶原诱导Wistar大鼠建立类风湿性关节炎模型。治疗前和治疗期间每周测量足趾容积和体重,治疗4周后处死,ELISA检测血清TNFα、Ang-1、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8水平;取足趾部位肌肉提取胞浆和胞核蛋白,Western blot检测NF-κB含量及其亚细胞定位。结果:依那西普治疗组较之生理盐水治疗组能显著缓解类风湿性关节炎症症状、降低TNFα以及下游炎症因子水平(P0.05);能抑制炎症状况下NF-κB的核内定位增加、胞浆定位减少的状况。结论:依那西普可通过抑制TNFα/NF-κB信号通路缓解大鼠类风湿性关节炎。     

黄芪桂枝五物汤对AA大鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α的影响

目的:探讨佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清中IL-1β、TNF-α含量的变化和黄芪桂枝五物汤对其变化的影响,以求阐明该黄芪桂枝五物汤治疗类风湿性关节炎的作用机制。方法:选用健康SPF级SD雌性大鼠60只随机分为六组:空白对照组,模型组,甲氨喋呤(MTX)组,黄芪桂枝五物汤高剂量组,黄芪桂枝五物汤中剂量组和黄芪桂枝五物汤低剂量组。大鼠先进行一周的适应性饲养后用完全弗氏佐剂诱导制作大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型,并用黄芪桂枝五物汤进行干预。采用放射免疫法测定大鼠血清中IL-1β、TNF-α的含量。结果:与空白时照组相比,模型组大鼠血清中细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α的水平明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,经黄芪桂枝五物汤高、中剂量组、MTX组治疗干预后,大鼠血清中IL-1β、TNF-α的水平明显下降,且呈现一定的量效关系。结论:黄芪桂枝五物汤有抑制佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清中细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α升高的作用。     

松节方提取物对炎症动物模型的抗炎作用及机制探讨

该文旨在评价松节方提取物(SJF)的抗炎镇痛作用,尤其是对关节炎的抑制作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。采用二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳肿胀模型、醋酸诱导的小鼠疼痛模型、鸡II型胶原(CCII)诱导的大鼠关节炎模型,观察松节方提取物的体内抗炎镇痛活性和抗关节炎的作用,检测大鼠血清TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-10、IL-1β含量,观察大鼠踝关节组织病理学变化。结果表明松节方提取物可减轻上述模型的炎症及疼痛症状,抑制CCII致关节炎大鼠滑膜组织炎性细胞浸润和滑膜组织增生,能显著降低关节炎大鼠血清TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-1β含量,升高血清IL-10含量。说明松节方提取物具有较好的抗炎镇痛作用,可明显抑制CCII所致大鼠关节炎,降低其关节组织损伤程度,其机制可能与调节炎症因子表达相关。     

槲皮素对急性痛风性关节炎模型大鼠炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨黄酮类化合物槲皮素对尿酸钠致急性痛风性关节炎模型大鼠踝关节肿胀度的影响,对大鼠血清、肝脏、脾脏和关节滑膜内炎症因子的影响。方法:采用大鼠右后肢踝关节腔内注射尿酸钠溶液制备急性痛风性关节炎模型,缚线法测定大鼠不同时相踝关节肿胀度,酶联免疫吸附法测定大鼠血清、肝脏、脾脏和滑膜中炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α、COX-2,PGE2水平。结果:槲皮素能够显著抑制痛风性关节炎大鼠踝关节肿胀度,降低炎症介质水平(IL-1β、TNF-α、COX-2、PGE2)。结论:槲皮素通过抗炎作用表现出很强的治疗痛风性关节炎功效,有可能成为治疗该病的有效药物。     

湿热痹阻型与寒湿痹阻型类风湿关节炎患者细胞因子的差异

目的:对比分析湿热痹阻型与寒湿痹阻型类风湿关节炎患者的相关细胞因子水平。方法:选取2012年3月至2015年12月我院收治的47例湿热痹阻型类风湿关节炎患者(湿热痹阻组)、43例寒湿痹阻型类风湿关节炎患者(寒湿痹阻组)以及同期我院体检科确诊的50例健康体检者(对照组)作为研究对象。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)双抗体夹心法检测所有研究对象的血清基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)、金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β),同时采用流式细胞仪检测单核细胞表面CD147分子的表达情况。结果:3组研究对象血清MMP-3、TIMP-1、TNF-α、IL-1β相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),对照组血清MMP-3显著低于湿热痹阻组,TIMP-1、TNF-α、IL-1β则显著低于湿热痹阻组与寒湿痹阻组(P0.05),寒湿痹阻组血清MMP-3、TIMP-1显著低于湿热痹阻组(P0.05),湿热痹阻组与寒湿痹阻组血清TNF-α、IL-1β相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:湿热痹阻型与寒湿痹阻型类风湿关节炎患者的血清MMP-3、TIMP-1及单核细胞表面CD147存在着显著区别。     

类风湿性关节炎患者血清GM-CSF, IL-6, TNF-α水平的变化及其临床意义

目的:通过检测类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者血清粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,探讨其用于RA诊断与预后判断的临床意义。方法:选取我院2013年6月~2016年12月收治的126例RA患者为RA组,并根据病情严重程度分为活动期RA组(69例)和缓解期RA组(57例)两个亚组;另选取同期于我院体检中心接受体检的55例健康体检者为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测所有对象的血清GM-CSF、IL-6、TNF-α水平。记录比较各组血清细胞因子水平,并分析RA组患者各细胞因子水平及DAS28间的相关性。结果:活动期RA组的血清GM-CSF、IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著高于缓解期RA组和对照组(P0.01),缓解期RA组的血清GM-CSF、IL-6、TNF-α水平亦均显著高于对照组(P0.01)。血清GM-CSF、IL-6及TNF-α水平三者间均呈显著正相关(P0.01);DAS28与血清GM-CSF、IL-6、TNF-α水平亦均呈显著正相关(r=0.473、0.584、0.675,P均0.01)。结论:类风湿性关节炎患者的血清GM-CSF、IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著上调,且与类风湿性关节炎的活动性呈显著正相关,通过检测此类细胞因子对类风湿性关节炎的早期诊断、病情评估及判断预后均具有重要临床意义。     

新疆圆柏总黄酮对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的防治作用

利用弗氏完全佐剂(FCA)诱导的佐剂性关节炎(AA)模型对新疆圆柏总黄酮(JSTF)的抗炎作用进行研究。致炎前预防性给予JSTF后,AA大鼠急性期足肿胀的趋势有一定的改善,其血清IL-1β和TNF-α水平也显著降低(P0.05)。炎症继发期预防给药后,JSTF不同剂量组均可不同程度抑制大鼠皮肤的红斑、溃烂和降低外周血中TNF-α水平(P0.05),且高剂量组能明显降低关节炎指数(AI)(P0.05),并呈剂量-效应关系。炎症继发期治疗给药后,各给药组大鼠皮肤出现皱褶,皮肤色泽由暗红色变为正常,肿胀消退,继发侧的肿胀和红斑也有明显改善;与模型组比较,各组大鼠的AI值有明显的下降(P0.05),其中高、低剂量组还能显著降低TNF-α水平(P0.05)。结果表明JSTF对大鼠佐剂性关节炎具有一定的预防和治疗作用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。