超声诊断胰腺脂肪浸润与血脂、脂肪肝的关系研究

目的：探讨超声诊断胰腺脂肪浸润与血脂、脂肪肝的关系。方法：回顾性分析63例胰腺脂肪浸润者与148例同期检查无胰腺脂肪浸润者的病历资料,研究胰腺脂肪浸润的超声特点以及与脂肪肝、血脂浓度、年龄、血压等的关系。结果：胰腺脂肪浸润超声显示为胰腺饱满,边缘模糊,回声增强且明显强于肝脏,与正常胰腺超声影像容易鉴别。胰腺脂肪浸润组血浆甘油三酯浓度2．17±1．22mmol／L,比非浸润组的1．35±1．06mmol／L明显高（P〈0．05）,胰腺脂肪浸润组患者100％（63／63）合并脂肪肝明显高于非浸润组的20．95％（31／148）（P〈0．05）。二组在胆固醇浓度、高血压发病率及年龄方面无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：胰腺脂肪浸润与脂肪肝、血浆甘油三酯浓度有着一定的相关性,超声诊断胰腺脂肪浸润对于提示其他相关疾病与异常的存在具有重要临床参考价值。     

鱼油对高脂喂养加小剂量STZ诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠血脂及肝脏的影响

目的:探讨鱼油对高脂喂养加小剂量STZ诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠脂代谢及肝脏组织的影响及其机制。方法:Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组(Control)、高脂组(HF)、糖尿病组(DM)、高脂鱼油组(HF+FO)和糖尿病鱼油组(DM+FO),观察大鼠周体重变化,检测各组大鼠血糖、血脂、肝脏细胞形态学及过氧化损伤情况,探讨其可能的作用机制。结果:与对照组相比,高脂喂养大鼠体重明显增加(387.74±36.20 g vs 339.64±10.41 g,P0.05),血甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)分别由1.96±0.06 mmol/L、1.91±0.09 mmol/L和0.72±0.07 mmol/L升高至2.29±0.16 mmol/L、2.08±0.06 mmol/L和1.22±0.09 mmol/L,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)降低(0.92±0.15 mmol/L vs 1.80±0.07 mmol/L,P0.05),膳食添加鱼油后均有明显改善。糖尿病大鼠体重减轻(287.78±16.11 g vs 339.64±10.41 g,P0.05);但血清中LDL-C水平升高至1.08±0.08 mmol/L,HDL-C水平降低至1.09±0.07 mmol/L(P0.05),鱼油可显著提高HDL-C的水平(P0.05)。高脂组和糖尿病组均有明显的肝脏脂肪浸润和过氧化损伤,添加鱼油后明显减轻。结论:膳食添加鱼油对高脂膳食及2型糖尿病引起的血脂异常均有保护作用,可降低血中甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平;减轻大鼠肝脏脂肪浸润和过氧化损伤。     

兰州地区健康体检者血脂水平分析

目的:通过检测兰州地区健康体检者空腹血脂水平了解本地区人群血脂水平现状及血脂异常情况,建立本地区血脂参考值。方法:采用全自动生化分析仪检测兰州市2328名健康体检者,血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。比较不同年龄、性别血脂水平差异。结果:本地区2328名被检者,女性TC平均(4.54±0.94)mmol/L,TG中位数1.24mmol/L、HDL-C平均(1.34±0.26)mmol/L、LDL-C平均(2.61±0.76)mmol/L;男性TC平均(4.52±0.84)mmol/L、TG中位数1.56mmol/L mmol/L、HDL-C平均(1.20±0.23)mmol/L LDL-C平均(2.76±0.72)mmol/L,血脂水平随年龄增加逐渐升高(P<0.05)。血脂参考范围为女性TC:2.70~6.38 mmol/L、TG:0.52~3.66 mmol/L、HDL-C:0.83~1.85 mmol/L、LDL-C:1.12~4.10 mmol/L男性:TG:2.87~6.17 mmol/L、0.65~4.00 mmol/L、0.75~1.65 mmol/L、1.35~4.17 mmol/L。男性高TC、高TG、低HDL-C和高LDL-C患病率为18.2%、42.8%、19.6%和28%,女性高TC、高TG、低HDL和高LDL的患病率分别为22.1%、25.5%、2.7%和23.5%。结论:兰州地区血脂水平随年龄、性别、地区不同存在较大差异,临床上不能采用统一标准衡量,而应根据本地区建立的参考值诊断高脂血症。积极控制血脂水平、降低高脂血症患病率预防心脑血管疾病发生。     

化痰脉通片对高脂血症大鼠血脂、肝功能、脂肪肝的影响

目的:探讨国医大师沈宝藩临床运用三十余年的化痰脉通片对高脂血症大鼠脂肪肝、肝功能的干预效果,了解其改善肝功能,治疗脂肪肝作用疗效。方法:选取SD大鼠75只,随机分为正常组、模型组、氟伐他汀组、化痰脉通中剂量组、化痰脉通高剂量组,每组15只,观察对比各组治疗后血脂水平、肝功能的变化,并通过病理切片,对比各组脂肪肝疗效。结果:正常组、氟伐他汀组、化痰脉通中剂量组、化痰脉通高剂量组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均显著低于模型组(P0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著高于模型组(P0.05);正常组及化痰脉通高剂量组TC、TG、LDL-C均显著低于化痰脉通中剂量组及氟伐他汀组(P0.05),而HDL-C显著高于化痰脉通中剂量组及氟伐他汀组(P0.05),且化痰脉通中剂量组及氟伐他汀组血脂水平无显著性差异(P0.05);正常组TC、TG、LDL-C[(1.28±0.38)mmol/L,(0.40±0.16)mmol/L,(0.39±0.07)mmol/L]显著低于化痰脉通高剂量组[(5.18±1.42)mmol/L,(0.51±0.24)mmol/L,(2.07±0.46)mmol/L](P 0.05),而HDL-C[(3.78±0.34)mmol/L]显著高于化痰脉通高剂量组[(2.89±0.78)mmol/L](P0.05)。正常组、氟伐他汀组、化痰脉通中剂量组、化痰脉通高剂量组丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)均显著低于模型组(P0.05);正常组[(10.38±1.46)mmol/L,(10.85±1.24)mmol/L]、化痰脉通中剂量组[(15.97±3.64)mmol/L,(16.52±1.18)mmol/L]、化痰脉通高剂量组[(10.54±1.01)mmol/L,(10.62±1.67)mmol/L]AST、ALT均显著低于较氟伐他汀组[(25.47±2.38)mmol/L,(21.34±2.39)mmol/L](P0.05),而组间AST、ALT比较无显著性差异,不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。在肝脏病理切片的对比中,随着化痰脉通片剂量的增加,脂肪肝的程度减轻。结论:化痰脉通片具有良好的降脂效果,且与剂量有关,其对肝功能具有良好的保护作用并对脂肪肝具良好的治疗作用,其治疗机制可能与调脂作用有关。     

新疆维吾尔族子宫颈鳞癌患者血浆甘油三酯及胆固醇检测

目的:探讨新疆维吾尔族妇女子宫颈鳞癌与血浆甘油三酯和胆固醇水平的相关性.方法:采集69例新疆维吾尔族妇女子宫颈鳞癌患者及100例新疆维吾尔族正常对照血浆,用全自动生化分析仪测定血浆甘油三酯和胆固醇水平.结果:69例新疆维吾尔族妇女子宫颈鳞癌患者与100例新疆维吾尔族正常对照血浆甘油三酯水平(X±S)分别为1.15+0.87mmol/L及1.27±1.39mmol/L均为正常水平(0.11-1.69mmol/L).子宫颈鳞癌患者与正常对照血浆胆固醇水平(X±S)分别为3.80±2.03 mmol/L及3.29±1.93 mmol/L均为正常水平(2.59-6.47mmol/L).子宫颈鳞癌怠者与正常对照相比血浆甘油三酯和胆固醇水平无显著性差异.结论血浆甘油三酯和胆固醇水平与新疆维吾尔族子宫颈鳞癌不相关.     

普伐他汀对慢性心力衰竭患者血浆C-反应蛋白、N-末端脑钠素前体水平及心功能的影响

目的:探讨普伐他汀对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆C-反应蛋白(CRP)、N-末端脑钠素前体(NT-proBNP)水平和心功能的影响.方法:将90例CHF患者随机分为对照组(38例)和普伐他汀组(52例),对照组给予强心、利尿、扩血管治疗,普伐他汀组在此基础上加用普伐他汀10mg.d-1,疗程12周.采用改良Simpson法测定心衰患者治疗前后左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF).免疫比浊法测定血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平.采用酶联免疫法血浆NT-proBNP水平的变化.结果:两组患者治疗后LVEF和LVEDD水平较治疗前均明显改善(p＜0.05);普伐他汀组LVEF由(36.2±3.5)%升至)45.6±4.8)%;血浆CRP浓度由(12.05+1.62)mg/L降至(6.43±1.35)mg/L;NT-proBNP浓度由(1198.7±312.2)fmol/ml降至(742.1±231.2)fmol/ml;TC由(5.60±0.63)mmol/L降至(4.03±0.41)mmol/L.与对照组比较差异均有统学意义(P＜0.05).且患者血浆NT-proBNP水平与LVEDD呈正相关(r=0.52,P＜0.05),而与LVEF存在负相关(r=-63,P＜0.05).结论:CHF患者加用普伐他汀短期治疗可进一步改善心功能,降低CRP和NT-proBNP水平.     

超滤得到的海蜇酶解产物的降血脂功能评价

目的:探讨超滤对于海蜇酶解产物降血脂功能的提高作用。方法:海蜇通过中性蛋白酶酶解后,将超滤过的酶解产物和未超滤的酶解产物分别按照高、中、低三个剂量组喂食高血脂症大鼠模型42d,测定各组血脂水平并进行对照分析。结论:未超滤组的高、中剂量组和超滤组高中低剂量组喂食42d后均观察到大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)的降低,其中未超滤中剂量组(灌胃剂量5 mg/kg.BW)血清总胆固醇(TC)值为2.45±0.28mmol/L,超滤低剂量组(灌胃剂量0.3mg/kg.BW)血清总胆固醇(TC)值为2.61±0.33mmol/L,均明显低于高脂模型对照组(3.38±0.22 mmol/L),未超滤低剂量组(灌胃剂量3mg/kg.BW)血清总胆固醇(TC)值为2.82±0.38mmol/L,相对于高脂模型对照组(3.38±0.22 mmol/L)无显著差异;未超滤中剂量组(灌胃剂量5 mg/kg.BW)甘油三酯(TG)值为0.90±0.21mmol/L,超滤低剂量组(灌胃剂量0.3mg/kg.BW)甘油三酯(TG)值为0.93±0.14 mmol/L,均明显低于高脂模型对照组(1.21±0.20 mmol/L),未超滤低剂量组(灌胃剂量3mg/kg.BW)甘油三酯(TG)值为1.18±0.12mmol/L,相对于高脂模型对照组(1.21±0.20 mmol/L)无显著差异。结论:海蜇多肽的酶解产物具有降血脂功能,超滤能够有效提高海蜇酶解产物的降血脂活性。     

血清铁蛋白水平与非酒精性脂肪肝的相关性研究

目的:探讨血清铁蛋白水平与非酒精性脂肪肝(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)的相关性。方法:选择2016年10月至2017年4月我院干保中心诊治的患者299例,根据腹部超声分为有NAFLD组及无NAFLD组。空腹抽血检测肝酶、血脂、血糖、胰岛素、血清铁蛋白、血常规。Pearson相关分析血清铁蛋白与各代谢指标的关系,采用Logistic二元回归分析血清铁蛋白水平与非酒精性脂肪肝患病率的关系。结果:NAFLD组血清铁蛋白水平明显高于非NAFLD组(301.9±206.2 ng/mL vs. 176±125.6ng/mL,P0.05)。血清铁蛋白水平与腹围、体重指数、血红蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、甘油三酯显著正相关(P0.05),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著负相关(P0.05)。根据血清铁蛋白从低到高分成4等分,Q1 (17.8-124.8 ng/mL)、Q2 (125.6-199.4 ng/mL)、Q3(200.1-339.1ng/m L)、Q4(345.6-1074.9 ng/m L),其对应的NAFLD患病率分别为37.3%、52.0%、70.7%、78.4%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。将血清铁蛋白第一分位患脂肪肝的OR设为1.00,校正年龄、性别、体重指数、血红蛋白、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇后,第二至第四分位的OR(95%CI)分别为1.994(0.908-4.379),3.334(1.464-7.595),3.954(1.578-9.907)(趋势P0.05)。结论:血清铁蛋白水平与NAFLD发病明显相关,血清铁蛋白水平升高时,NAFLD的发病风险增加。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血糖对肝功能和血脂的影响及其意义

目的:探讨II型糖尿病患者血糖浓度对患者肝功能及血脂指标的影响及其意义。方法:选取某三级甲等医院内分泌科已确诊为II型糖尿病患者408例,根据空腹血糖浓度(FPG)分为三组:(A组,FPG8.0 mmol/L;B组,8.0≤FPG11.0 mmol/L;C组,FPG≥11 mmol/L),检测三组患者的肝功能指标及血脂指标,进而对其肝功能损害及血脂的异常情况进行分析,其数据结果应用统计学软件SPSS 17.0处理。结果:与A组及B组相比较,C组患者肝功能损伤更为严重,表现为:肝酶显著升高(P0.05);胆红素显著升高(P0.05);球蛋白显著升高(P0.05);总胆固醇、甘油三酯水平异常(P0.05)。其结果均有统计学意义。结论:II型糖尿病患者随着其血糖浓度升高可造成肝功能损伤及血脂异常,血糖监测及控制对糖尿病患者的身体健康状况具有重要意义。     

不同途径移植脐带血干细胞对兔2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的观察不同途径移植脐带血干细胞对兔2型糖尿病的治疗效果。方法 30只新西兰白兔,雌雄各半,制备2型糖尿病模型,随机分成5组,其中6只在兔的胰腺内注射脐带血干细胞5×10~5个(A组),6只向胰腺背动脉内注入脐带血干细胞5×10~5个(B组),6只经耳缘静脉输注脐带血干细胞5×10~5个(C组),6只在腹腔内多处注入脐带血干细胞5×10~5个(D组),其余6只向腹腔内注射相同体积的PBS液作为对照组(E组)。HE染色观察胰腺组织形态学变化。以上5组白兔均培养观察4周,每天监测白兔血糖,每周测血浆胰岛素水平,采用单因素方差分析和t检验对血糖值及胰岛素水平进行统计分析。结果 A组及B组在移植后血糖逐渐下降,胰岛素水平逐渐上升,第4周末,血糖降至(6.80±0.64)mmol/L和(6.78±0.57)mmol/L,胰岛素水平逐渐回到正常分别为(25.60±1.47)m U/L和(25.55±1.52)m U/L,与E组(21.77±2.70)mmol/L和(3.80±0.41)m U/L比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。而C组血糖较前下降,至第4周末血糖及胰岛素均未回正常水平,分别为(9.97±1.19)mmol/L和(15.82±1.05)m U/L,D组仍维持高血糖状态,血糖水平为(21.00±1.99)mmol/L,胰岛素水平无明显变化(3.77±0.31)m U/L,与E组(21.77±2.70)mmol/L和(3.80±0.41)m U/L比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。移植后4周A、B两组胰腺组织形态得到明显改善,C组部分改善,D组无明显改善。结论将脐带血干细胞在胰腺、胰腺背动脉注射及耳缘静脉输注进行移植,可以明显降低血糖,增加胰岛素分泌量,其中,胰腺和胰腺背动脉注射效果优于耳缘静脉输注,腹腔内移植无明显效果。     

成人脂肪肝与体重指数和血脂水平的关系研究

目的:研究成人脂肪肝与体重指数(BMI)和血脂水平的关系。方法:选取2012年1月到2014年11月我社区成年人800例,检测所有入选者的体重和身高,并计算BMI,检测入选者的血脂水平和脂肪肝情况,应用Logistic回归分析来分析脂肪肝与BMI和血脂之间的关系。结果:共检测出脂肪肝376例,占47.0%,肥胖者532例,占66.5%;肥胖者伴随脂肪肝的发生率64.7%,显著高于非肥胖者脂肪肝的发生率11.9%,两者比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);脂肪肝者总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)显著高于非脂肪肝者,而高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)显著低于非脂肪肝者,两者比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);Logistic回归分析显示:脂肪肝与BMI和血脂之间存在相关关系(P0.05)。结论:BMI和血脂水平与成人脂肪肝存在较大关系,应该注意控制体重,进而降低脂肪肝的发生率,改善脂肪肝的情况。     

Tissue-specific Functions in the Fatty Acid-binding Protein Family

The intracellular fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are abundantly expressed in almost all tissues. They exhibit high affinity binding of a single long-chain fatty acid, with the exception of liver FABP, which binds two fatty acids or other hydrophobic molecules. FABPs have highly similar tertiary structures consisting of a 10-stranded antiparallel β-barrel and an N-terminal helix-turn-helix motif. Research emerging in the last decade has suggested that FABPs have tissue-specific functions that reflect tissue-specific aspects of lipid and fatty acid metabolism. Proposed roles for FABPs include assimilation of dietary lipids in the intestine, targeting of liver lipids to catabolic and anabolic pathways, regulation of lipid storage and lipid-mediated gene expression in adipose tissue and macrophages, fatty acid targeting to β-oxidation pathways in muscle, and maintenance of phospholipid membranes in neural tissues. The regulation of these diverse processes is accompanied by the expression of different and sometimes multiple FABPs in these tissues and may be driven by protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions.     

Fatty acid composition of phospholipids in mitochondria and microsomes during diethylnitrosamine carcinogenesis in rat liver

Changes in lipid composition and function of subcellular organelles have been described in transplanted and primary tumours. We examine here the fatty acid composition of individual phospholipids (PL) in hyperplastic nodules and primary hepatoma induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN), compared to that of normal liver and of transplantable Yoshida AH-130 hepatoma. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fatty acid composition in mitochondria and microsomes from primary hepatoma were markedly different from normal liver; C18:0/C18:1 ratio was lower and the ratio between monosaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was higher. Linoleic acid content of mitochondrial cardiolipin, usually very high in normal rat liver, was notably lower in primary hepatoma. Cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in both microsomes and mitochondria from DEN-induced hepatoma was higher than in normal liver. Hyperplastic nodules showed no changes in cholesterol content whereas modifications in fatty acid composition were already observable. These modifications of membrane structure may be related to the functional changes found in nodular cells. Changes in fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids, occurring in both primary hepatoma and preneoplastic nodules, might be one of the causes for decreased rate of lipid peroxidation peculiar to these tissues.     

血清学指标检验在脂肪肝患者临床诊断中的应用价值研究

目的:探讨血清学指标检验在脂肪肝患者临床诊断中的应用价值。方法:收集2013年3月-2014年3月于我院接受治疗的脂肪肝患者42例,作为观察组;选取同一时间我院体检科健康查体者42例,作为对照组。比较两组血清学指标检验结果,并分析其在脂肪肝临床诊断中的价值。结果:观察组患者丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平明显高于对照组健康查体者,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(t=11.42、13.17,P0.05);观察组患者血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)水平明显高于对照组健康查体者,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(t=7.35、8.02,P0.05)。结论:血清ALT、AST、TG、TC指标在脂肪肝患者临床诊断中存在重要的临床应用价值,可作为临床监测脂肪肝的重要方法,值得推广。     

Isolation and Characterization of Two Fatty Acid Binding Proteins from Mouse Brain

Abstract: Two fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) were isolated from Swiss Webster mouse brains. Neither protein cross-reacted with antisera to recombinant liver L-FABP. One protein, designated brain H-FABP, migrated on tricine sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) as a single band at 14.5 kDa with pl 4.9. Brain H-FABP bound NBD-stearic acid and cis -parinaric acid with K _D values near 0.02 and 0.5 µ M , respectively. Brain H-FABP cross-reacted with affinity-purified antisera to recombinant heart H-FABP. The second protein, mouse brain B-FABP, migrated on tricine SDS-PAGE gels as a doublet at 16.0 and 15.5 kDa with pl values of 4.5 and 4.7, respectively. Brain B-FABP bound NBD-stearic acid and cis -parinaric acid with K _D values near 0.01 and 0.7 µ M , respectively. The brain B-FABP doublet was immunoreactive with affinity-purified antibodies against recombinant mouse brain B-FABP, but not with affinity-purified antibodies against heart H-FABP. [³H]Oleate competition binding indicated that the two brain FABPs had distinct ligand binding specificities. Both bound fatty acids, fatty acyl CoA, and lysophosphatidic acid. Although both preferentially bound unsaturated fatty acids, twofold differences in specific saturated fatty acid binding were observed. Brain B-FABP and brain H-FABP represented 0.1 and 0.01% of brain total cytosolic protein, respectively. In summary, mouse brain contains two native fatty acid binding proteins, brain H-FABP and brain B-FABP.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发病机制及治疗进展

近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,脂肪性肝病的发病率明显上升,且患病年龄趋于低龄化,已经成为严重危害我国人民健康的常见疾病,我国非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发病率明显高于酒精性脂肪性肝病。本文主要对NAFLD的发病机制及相关治疗进展做简要的综述。NAFLD的发病机制与胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激、代谢综合征、脂肪细胞因子的作用、内质网应激、及铁超载等多种因素有关。NAFLD的治疗可以从防治原发病或相关危险因素、基础治疗(行为或生活方式干预;调整饮食;运动疗法)、药物治疗以及手术治疗等方面进行。了解国际上NAFLD的发病机制以及相关治疗进展,对遏制非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发生、发展趋势有着十分重要的意义。     

Altered Hepatic Transport by Fetal Arsenite Exposure in Diet‐Induced Fatty Liver Disease

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease can result in changes to drug metabolism and disposition potentiating adverse drug reactions. Furthermore, arsenite exposure during development compounds the severity of diet‐induced fatty liver disease. This study examines the effects of arsenite potentiated diet‐induced fatty liver disease on hepatic transport in male mice. Changes were detected for Mrp2/3/4 hepatic transporter gene expression as well as for Oatp1a4/2b1/1b2. Plasma concentrations of Mrp and Oatp substrates were increased in arsenic exposure groups compared with diet‐only controls. In addition, murine embryonic hepatocytes and adult primary hepatocytes show significantly altered transporter expression after exposure to arsenite alone: a previously unreported phenomenon. These data indicate that developmental exposure to arsenite leads to changes in hepatic transport which could increase the risk for ADRs during fatty liver disease.     

Lipid content and fatty acid distribution in tissues from Portuguese dogfish, leafscale gulper shark and black dogfish

The lipid characterization in tissues from the three deep-sea sharks leafscale gulper shark (Centrophorus squamosus), Portuguese dogfish (Centroscymnus coelolepis) and black dogfish (Centrocyllium fabricii) captured at Hatton Bank in the North Atlantic were examined. The objective was to determine the lipid content and the fatty acid composition in different tissues. In addition, the fatty acid composition in tissues and species was compared. The tissues examined were pancreas, heart, kidney, stomach, spleen and liver. The lipid content was high in liver (40–50%) and ranged from 1% to 5% in the other tissues. The dominant fatty acids were C16:0, C18:1 (n-9), C18:1 (n-7) and C22:6 (n-3) in all tissues. All tissues had a high content of unsaturated fatty acids.     

Fatty acid anilides: in vivo formation and relevance to toxic oil syndrome.

Toxic oil syndrome (TOS), a multisystemic epidemic outbreak in 1981 in Spain, was caused by the ingestion of a cooking oil mixture containing rapeseed oil denatured with aniline. The mechanisms and causative agents responsible for the TOS are still not known. Although primary lesions observed in TOS patients could not be reproduced experimentally, the levels of fatty acid anilides (FAAs) and aniline in TOS-related cooking oil were considered proximate markers of TOS. Aniline, available from free aniline and FAAs ingested with TOS-related cooking oil, and its reconjugation with endogenous fatty acids could be an early event leading to TOS. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the formation of FAAs following an oral dose of 2 mmol/kg aniline hydrochloride (AH) via gavage in rats. Here, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3, and 20:4 FAAs were analyzed in the whole blood, brown fat, liver, and pancreas at 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Generally, 16:0 and 18:1 FAAs were detected in the whole blood, brown fat, and liver of AH-treated rats with highest mean levels at 0.25 or 0.5 hour, except 3 hours for the whole blood. Only 16:0 FAA was detectable in the pancreas of AH-treated animals. The 18:0 FAA was also detected frequently in the liver while other FAAs were either in trace amounts or not detectable in the tissues analyzed in the present study. Overall, highest formation of the 16:0 FAA was found in the liver followed by pancreas and of 18:1 FAA in the whole blood and brown fat. These results indicate a rapid formation and further metabolism and disposition of FAAs in rat model and support our previous findings that 18:1 and 16:0 fatty acids are better substrates for the conjugation with aniline. Surprisingly, a small or trace amount of a few FAAs also detected in the tissues of control rats indicates their endogenous biosynthesis and/or presence. Results of 18:1 fatty acid incubation and aniline in the presence of fatty acid ethyl ester synthase, purified to homogeneity from rat liver microsome, suggest that formation of FAAs is catalyzed by an enzyme involved in the conjugation of fatty acids with xenobiotic alcohols. Because the FAAs are known to exert a wide range of toxicity in experimental animals and primary cell cultures, in vivo formation of FAAs could be an early event leading to TOS.