体外缺血缺氧条件下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡发生的机制研究

目的：研究体外大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, BMSCs）在缺血缺氧条件下发生凋亡的作用机制。方法：采取大鼠骨髓,以密度梯度离心分离出单个核细胞（MNCs）,于体外培养并由牛垂体提取物（PEX）诱导扩增传代培养出骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）。经形态学和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定后,骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）在缺血缺氧条件下培养,通过Annexin V／PI双染细胞凋亡检测比较不同组别细胞的凋亡率和蛋白印迹法（western blot）来观察细胞中蛋白的变化。结果：①经形态学观察和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定,提示骨髓间充质干细胞培养成功。②对照组（无缺血缺氧）与缺血缺氧组比较,缺血缺氧组的凋亡率显著性增加,而通过磷酸化Akt的表达量显著性增加提示PI3K（Phosphoinositide-3kinase）／Akt（ProteinkinaseB,PKB）信号通路被激活（P〈0．05）;同时缺血缺氧组与缺血缺氧＋PI3K／Akt抑制剂（LY294002）组比较,缺血缺氧＋PI3K／Akt抑制剂（LY294002）组的凋亡率显著降低,而通过磷酸化Akt的表达量显著减少提示PI3K/Akt信号通路被抑制（P〈0．05）。结论：PI3K／Akt信号通路对体外缺血缺氧条件下培养的骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡发生有关键性作用。     

恒磁场抑制缺血缺氧条件下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡

目的:研究恒磁场对体外缺血缺氧培养条件下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs) 凋亡的影响并探讨其作用机制.方法:采取大鼠骨髓,以密度梯度离心分离出单个核细胞(MNCs),于体外培养并由牛垂体提取物(PEX)诱导扩增传代培养出骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs).经形态学和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定后,将骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)在缺血缺氧条件下培养,通过TUNEL检测比较不同组别细胞的凋亡率和蛋白印迹法(western blot)来观察细胞中特定蛋白质的变化.结果:①经形态学观察和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定,提示骨髓间充质干细胞培养成功.②缺血/缺氧组与缺血/缺氧+磁场组比较,缺血缺氧组的凋亡率显著性增加,Akt磷酸化水平显著上升(P＜0.05).提示恒磁场可以使PI3K(Phosphoinositide-3kinase)/Akt(ProteinkinaseB,PKB)信号通路被激活而抑制凋亡的发生.结论:恒磁场通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路抑制体外缺血缺氧条件下培养的骨髓间充质干细胞的凋亡.     

缺氧环境下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡相关蛋白和mRNA的表达

目的探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）在缺氧环境下凋亡相关蛋白和mRNA的表达。方法将接种的P3细胞置于94％N2、1％O2和5％CO2缺氧箱中37℃孵育,分别于0．5h、1h、2h、4h、6h、8h和12h取出分别应用Annexin V／PI双染法进行流式细胞仪（FCM）分析MSCs凋亡率（Apoptotic Rate,AR）,并同步用免疫细胞化学、western blotting和Rt-PCR等方法检测Bax／Bcl-2,Fas／FasL和Caspase-3蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果1．缺氧前,免疫细胞化学法未检测到Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL和Caspase-3蛋白表达,缺氧0．5h后均可较强表达;2．各缺氧时间点Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL、Caspase-3蛋白和mRNA表达较缺氧前均显著性增高（P均〈0．05）;随缺氧时间延伸,Bcl-2蛋白和mRNA表达不显著增加（P〉0．05）,而Bax、Fas、FasL、Caspase-3蛋白和mRNA表达均显著增加（P均〈0．05）,但缺氧6-12h时间点之间表达均没有统计学意义（P均〉0．05）;3．AR和Bcl-2／Bax蛋白（r1=0．417,P=0．043）及mRNA（r2=-0．435,P=0．040）呈显著负相关,而和Fas（r1=0．639,P=0．025;r2=0．711,P=0．018）、Fas-L（r1=0．581,P=0．022;r2=0．605,P=0．037）、Caspase-3（r1=0．704,P=O．014;r2=0．657,P=0．026）蛋白及mRNA均呈显著正相关。结论在缺氧促进MSCs凋亡的过程中,Bcl-2蛋白和mRNA可能起着保护作用,而Bax、Fas-L、Fas、Caspase-3蛋白和mRNA可能在MsCs凋亡的进程中起着促进作用。     

Akt基因转染对骨髓间充质干细胞缺氧时凋亡和增殖的影响

目的采用Akt基因转染鼠骨髓MSCs探讨Akt基因是否减轻MSCs缺氧时的凋亡和提高缺氧时的增殖能力,即耐缺氧能力。方法将转染和未转染Akt基因的MSCs置于94%N2、1%O2和5%CO2缺氧箱中37℃孵育不同时间（常氧、缺氧0.5h、1h、2h、4h和8h）后,Annexin V/PI双染法行流式细胞仪分析凋亡率（apoptoticrate,AR）和死亡率（deadrate,DR）、MTT法分析细胞增殖状态、Rt-PCR和Western blot等检测Akt和p-Akt表达以及放射同位素法检测MSCs对氚标-葡萄糖（^3H-G）的摄取等。结果1.Akt基因显著降低MSCs缺氧时AR和DR（P〈0.01）,而各缺氧时间点没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）;2.Akt基因显著增高MSCs常氧和缺氧（与未转染Akt基因MSCs同等条件下比较）时增殖能力（P〈0.01）,缺氧时增殖能力显著低于常氧时（P〈0.01）;3.Akt基因显著增高常氧时MSCsAkt mRNA（P〈0.01）和蛋白（P〈0.01）表达,而不增高p-Akt蛋白（P〉0.05）表达;Akt基因显著提高缺氧时p-Akt蛋白（P〈0.01）表达,而不提高常氧时p-Akt蛋白（P〉0.05）表达;4.Akt基因显著增高MSCs常氧和缺氧（与未转染Akt基因MSCs同等条件下比较）时^3H-G的摄取（P〈0.01）,缺氧时^3H-G的摄取显著性低于常氧培养时（P〈0.01）;^3H-G的摄取与细胞增殖显著正相关（r=0.79,P=0.015）而与细胞凋亡显著负相关（r=-1.47,P=0.023）。结论Akt基因转染可显著提高MSCs耐缺氧能力,此可能与缺氧时改善MSCs葡萄糖摄取等有关。     

缺氧环境下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的凋亡及Fas、Fas-L的表达

目的探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)在缺氧环境下是否存在凋亡及Fas和Fas-L蛋白在MSCs凋亡时是否表达及与细胞凋亡的相关性。方法将接种的P3细胞置于94%N2、1%O2和5%CO2缺氧箱中37℃孵育,分别于0.5h、1h、2h、4h、6h、8h和12h取出进行缺口末端标记(TUNEL)计算细胞凋亡指数(ApoptoticIndex,AI)和透射电镜观察细胞超微结构的改变,用Fas和Fas-L免疫组化试剂盒检测Fas-L和Fas蛋白的表达。结果1.培养的骨髓单个核细胞CD29、CD71、CD44免疫细胞化学染色均阳性,CD34染色阴性,5-氮胞苷诱导后表达TnT,提示其为MSCs。2.MSCs在缺氧前、缺氧0.5、1、2、4、6、8和12h时AI分别为0.11±2.03%、15.4±3.19%、16.7±2.51%、16.9±0.25%、17.7±2.50%、18.3±3.15%、18.4±4.22%、19.7±4.58%,缺氧不同时间点AI较缺氧前均显著性增高(P<0.01),并随着缺氧时间延伸,AI显著增加(P<0.05),不过,缺氧6h、8h和12h时AI没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。3.MSCs在不同缺氧时间点Fas、Fas-L蛋白表达较缺氧前均显著性增高(P<0.05),且随着缺氧时间延伸,表达显著增加,而在缺氧6h-12h时间点表达没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。3.缺氧0.5、1、2、4、6、8和12h,AI与Fas和Fas-L均显著正相关。结论缺氧是促进MSCs凋亡的重要因素,Fas和Fas-L蛋白可能在MSCs缺氧凋亡的调控中起着重要作用。     

丙二醛对体外培养下小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡的诱导作用

为了探索丙二醛对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)凋亡的诱导作用及其机制,在不同浓度的丙二醛培养体系中孵育MSCs 24 h,用TUNEL法、流式细胞术检测MSC凋亡率,并用实时定量RT-PCR、Western印迹检测Bcl-2、Bax及Caspase-3基因的表达水平。结果发现,MDA能浓度依赖性地增加TUNEL阳性细胞百分率、亚G1峰细胞百分率,同时下调Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白的表达,上调Bax mRNA和Caspase-3 mRNA及蛋白的表达.这些结果表明:在体外培养条件下,丙二醛可诱导小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的凋亡,其作用机制与Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3基因表达水平的变化有关。     

瘦素诱导体外培养大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞凋亡

为观察瘦素诱导体外培养大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞凋亡的作用, 采用胶原酶消化法分离培养大鼠附睾脂肪垫间充质干细胞, 第3代细胞用于实验。细胞免疫荧光化学方法鉴定CD105、Vimentin表达阳性率约80%以上, 10-6 mol/L的瘦素作用细胞48 h、72 h后激光共聚焦显微镜观察分别可见早期及中晚期特征表现; 0 mol/L、10-8 mol/L、10-7 mol/L、10-6 mol/L瘦素分别作用于细胞48 h后, 应用AnnexinⅤ/PI双染色法流式细胞仪检测早期凋亡率分别为2.50%±0.72%、6.78%±1.99%、11.99%±1.58%、17.93%±4.82% (P<0.05); 随着瘦素浓度的增加和作用时间的延长, Caspase-3的活性逐渐增高, 至48 h时达到高峰。说明瘦素可以直接诱导脂肪间充质干细胞凋亡, 从数量上减少脂肪组织的含量。     

溶血磷脂酸抗缺氧无血清诱导的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡作用

在体外缺氧无血清条件下模拟心肌缺血微环境,研究溶血磷脂酸(LPA)对骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs)的抗凋亡作用.应用Hoechst33342染色和膜联蛋白V/PI双染流式细胞术观察细胞凋亡,并利用Western印迹方法检测ERK1/2和Akt的磷酸化水平变化.结果表明缺氧无血清条件引起明显的细胞凋亡,LPA处理6 h和1 6 h 组细胞凋亡率较缺氧无血清组显著降低(P＜0.05),而1 h组细胞凋亡率与缺氧无血清组无显著性差异.LPA处理组(1 h,6h,1 6 h组)ERK1/2磷酸化水平较缺氧无血清组降低,Akt磷酸化水平较缺氧无血清组增高.在缺氧无血清环境中,LPA有利于增强BMMSCs的抗凋亡能力,提高BMMSCs存活率,为临床提高BMMSCs治疗缺血性心肌病的疗效提供理论依据.     

Nicorandil alleviates apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy through PI3K/Akt pathway

Nicorandil exerts myocardial protection through its antihypoxia and antioxidant effects. Here, we investigated whether it plays an anti‐apoptotic role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed with high‐fat diet; then single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was performed. Rats with fasting blood glucose (FBG) higher than 11.1 mmol/L were selected as models. Eight weeks after the models were built, rats were treated with nicorandil (7.5 mg/kg day and 15 mg/kg day respectively) for 4 weeks. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were treated with nicorandil and then stimulated with high glucose (33.3 mmol/L). TUNEL assay and level of bcl‐2, bax and caspase‐3 were measured. 5‐HD was used to inhibit nicorandil. Also, PI3K inhibitor (Miltefosine) and mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) were used to inhibit PI3K/Akt pathway. The results revealed that nicorandil (both 7.5 mg/kg day and 15mg/kg day) treatment can increase the level of NO in the serum and eNOS in the heart of diabetic rats compared with the untreated diabetic group. Nicorandil can also improve relieve cardiac dysfunction and reduce the level of apoptosis. In vitro experiments, nicorandil (100 µmol) can attenuate the level of apoptosis stimulated by high glucose significantly in H9C2 cardiomyocyte compared with the untreated group. The effect of nicorandil on apoptosis was blocked by 5‐HD, and it was accompanied with inhibition of the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, eNOS, and mTOR. After inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway, the protective effect of nicorandil is restrained. These results verified that as a NO donor, nicorandil can also inhibit apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy which is mediated by PI3K/Akt pathway.     

Erianin induces triple-negative breast cancer cells apoptosis by activating PI3K/Akt pathway

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a refractory subtype of breast cancer, 25–30% of which have dysregulation in the PI3K/AKT pathway. The present study investigated the anticancer effect of erianin on TNBC cell line and its underlying mechanism.Methods: After treatment with erianin, MTT assay was employed to determine the MDA-MB-231 and EFM-192A cell proliferation, the nucleus morphological changes were observed by DAPI staining. The cell cycle and apoptotic proportion were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to determine the cell cycle and apoptosis-related protein expression and PI3K pathways. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of erianin was further confirmed by adding or not adding PI3K agonists SC79.Results: Erianin inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and EFM-192A cells in a dose-dependent manner, the IC₅₀ were 70.96 and 78.58 nM, respectively. Erianin could cause cell cycle arrest at the G₂/M phase, and the expressions of p21 and p27 were up-regulated, while the expressions of CDK1 and Cyclin B1 were down-regulated. Erianin also induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, with the up-regulation of the expression of Cyto C, PARP, Bax, active form of Caspase-3, and Caspase-9. Furthermore, p-PI3K and p-Akt expression were down-regulated by erianin. After co-incubation with SC79, the cell inhibition rate of erianin was decreased, which further confirmed that the attenuated PI3K/Akt pathway was relevant to the pro-apoptotic effect of erianin.Conclusions: Erianin can inhibit the proliferation of TNBC cells and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which may ascribe to the abolish the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.     

Magnolol induces apoptosis via inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells

We observed that treatment of prostate cancer cells for 24 h with magnolol, a phenolic component extracted from the root and stem bark of the oriental herb Magnolia officinalis, induced apoptotic cell death in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. A sustained inhibition of the major survival signal, Akt, occurred in magnolol‐treated cells. Treatment of PC‐3 cells with an apoptosis‐inducing concentration of magnolol (60 µM) resulted in a rapid decrease in the level of phosphorylated Akt leading to inhibition of its kinase activity. Magnolol treatment (60 µM) also caused a decrease in Ser(¹³⁶) phosphorylation of Bad (a proapoptotic protein), which is a downstream target of Akt. Protein interaction assay revealed that Bcl‐xL, an anti‐apoptotic protein, was associated with Bad during treatment with magnolol. We also observed that during treatment with magnolol, translocation of Bax to the mitochondrial membrane occurred and the translocation was accompanied by cytochrome c release, and cleavage of procaspase‐8, ‐9, ‐3, and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). Similar results were observed in human colon cancer HCT116Bax^+/? cell line, but not HCT116Bax^?/? cell line. Interestingly, at similar concentrations (60 µM), magnolol treatment did not affect the viability of normal human prostate epithelial cell (PrEC) line. We also observed that apoptotic cell death by magnolol was associated with significant inhibition of pEGFR, pPI3K, and pAkt. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms of the apoptotic activity of magnolol involves its effect on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mediated signaling transduction pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 1113–1122, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

PI3K和Akt蛋白在异丙肾上腺素所致大鼠心肌肥厚中的表达

目的研究异丙肾上腺素(ISO)致大鼠心肌肥厚中PI3K和Akt在心肌组织中的表达,为探讨心肌肥厚的信号转导机制和逆转心肌肥厚提供形态学资料.方法健康成年SD大鼠20只,随机分为实验组、对照组,每组10只.实验组给予异丙肾上腺素处理.1周后处死大鼠,取心肌组织,常规石蜡切片,HE染色,观察心肌组织的病理变化,测量心肌肥厚指标;免疫组织化学染色和免疫荧光染色,检测p-PI3K和p-Akt的表达及分布.结果实验组大鼠心肌肥厚指标与对照组相比均明显升高;免疫组织化学检测显示,实验组心肌组织p-PI3K和p-Akt蛋白表达面积和平均光密度较对照组高.免疫荧光检测实验组心肌组织p-PI3K和p-Akt蛋白表达较对照组高.结论小剂量持续给予 ISO 能建立大鼠心肌肥厚模型;p-PI3K和p-Akt蛋白表达均与心肌肥厚的发生和发展过程相关,PI3K/Akt信号通路激活,可能是导致心肌肥厚的机制之一.     

Mechanism of salidroside relieving the acute hypoxia-induced myocardial injury through the PI3K/Akt pathway

ObjectiveThe objective was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of salidroside through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and its protective effects on acute hypoxia-induced myocardial injury in rats.MethodsA total of 24 healthy Sprague-Dawley male rats were selected as the experimental subjects. All rats were divided into 4 groups by using the random number table method, with 6 rats in each group. The groups included the normal control group, the salidroside group, the hypobaric hypoxia group, and the hypobaric hypoxia + salidroside group. Rats in the salidroside group were fed in the original animal laboratory and were intragastrically administered with salidroside every morning at a dosage of 35 mg/kg. Rats in the normal control group were intragastrically administered with an equal dosage of saline. Rats in the hypobaric hypoxia + salidroside group were intragastrically administered with salidroside every morning at a dosage of 35 mg/kg, who were fed in the hypoxic experiment module for animals. The altitude was increased to 4000 m, and the rats were kept in the module for 24 h. Rats in the hypobaric hypoxia group were intragastrically administered with an equal dosage of saline in the same environment, and the altitude was increased to 4000 m after administration. Parameters of blood gas analysis, histopathological changes in cardiac tissues, cardiac indexes, and inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α levels of rats in groups were compared.Results1. The cardiac indexes of rats in groups were compared. The differences between the hypobaric hypoxia group and the hypobaric hypoxia + salidroside group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). 2. The results of blood gas analysis of rats in groups were compared. The differences between the hypobaric hypoxia group and the hypobaric hypoxia + salidroside group were significantly different (P < 0.05). 3. In the hypobaric hypoxia group, the myocardial cells of rats were arranged disorderly and shaped differently, with cases such as edema, degeneration, necrosis, nucleus pyknosis, and massive infiltration of inflammatory cells. In the hypobaric hypoxia + salidroside group, the above-mentioned pathological changes in myocardial cells were relieved. 4. Compared with the hypobaric hypoxia group, in the hypobaric hypoxia + salidroside group, the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in rats decreased apparently, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionSalidroside had the repairing and protective effects on the hypobaric hypoxia-induced myocardial injuries in rats. The application of salidroside could reduce the inflammatory responses of rats with hypobaric hypoxia-induced myocardial injuries through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby protecting the myocardial cells.