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卤代有机化合物(halogenated organic compounds, HOCs)因其潜在的毒性、环境持久性及生物富集性而备受关注。海洋环境是HOCs重要汇集地,不仅累积了大量人工合成的HOCs,还包含多种天然产生的HOCs。微生物驱动的厌氧还原脱卤过程是HOCs污染治理的重要方法,其中有机卤化物呼吸细菌(organohalide-respiring bacteria, OHRB)在HOCs的生物修复和地球化学循环过程中发挥着核心作用。本文概述了海洋环境中HOCs的来源、分布、微生物厌氧还原脱卤机制,以及已分离的OHRB和还原脱卤酶的研究进展,旨在为海洋环境中HOCs的生物修复提供参考,并为厘清海洋环境中卤素的生物地球化学循环过程提供理论基础。此外,本文还探讨了海洋和陆地脱卤菌的特性差异及其潜在联系,以阐明它们在不同生态系统中的环境适应性及其进化起源。 相似文献
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有机卤呼吸细菌(organohalide-respiring bacteria, OHRB)在氯代烯烃污染地下水的原位生物修复中扮演着关键性的角色,提高其丰度及活性对氯代烯烃的完全去除具有重要意义。在实际环境中,有机卤呼吸细菌往往与多种微生物共存,微生物种间代谢互作现象十分普遍,有机污染物的完全无害化往往需要通过微生物菌群的协同代谢作用来实现。因此,本文围绕微生物种间代谢互作进行综述,对目前获得的脱氯微生物菌种资源及脱氯机理进行了回顾,重点阐述了专性OHRB、非专性OHRB和非OHRB的种间代谢互作行为及机制,并提出以种间代谢互作为指导进行合成微生物群落的构建来有效提高氯代烯烃厌氧生物降解效率,为实现环境氯代烯烃类有机污染物的快速、彻底无害化提供理论指导。 相似文献
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脱卤单胞菌 Dehalogenimonas 是绿弯菌门 (Chloroflexi) 脱卤球菌纲 (Dehalococcoidia) 的一个属。脱卤单胞菌属目前包含 Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens、Dehalogenimonas alkenigignens 和 Dehalogenimonas formicexedens 这 3 个已正式命名的物种,其成员均为严格厌氧的专性有机卤呼吸细菌,利用氢气和甲酸作为电子供体,以氯代烷烃 (例如 1,2,3-三氯丙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷和 1,2-二氯乙烷) 作为电子受体,通过介导还原性脱氯反应获得能量进行生长。我国污染场地地下水中氯代烷烃等有机氯污染较为突出,脱卤单胞菌的产能方式使其在污染场地原位修复中具有重要的应用价值。新近发现的 WBC-2 菌株和\"Candidatus Dehalogenimonas etheniformans\" GP 菌株可以脱氯降解某些氯代烯烃,其中 GP 菌株能够将一氯乙烯完全脱氯至乙烯,拓展了有限的一氯乙烯脱氯菌种资源,丰富了脱卤单胞菌的生态学功能。文中围绕脱卤单胞菌属的生理生化特性、生态功能及基因组信息进行综述,旨在为污染场地有机氯污染物的清理及工程实施提供理论指导。 相似文献
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【背景】有机卤呼吸细菌介导的还原性脱卤过程对于卤素循环与有机卤污染场地的修复至关重要。还原性脱卤酶(reductive dehalogenases, RDases)作为有机卤呼吸的末端电子受体还原酶,在脱卤过程中起着关键作用。【目的】系统地了解还原性脱卤酶的序列与结构特征,为阐明还原性脱卤酶及有机卤呼吸细菌作用机制及生物学功能奠定基础。【方法】应用多种生物信息学分析工具对44个还原性脱卤酶蛋白的基本理化性质、跨膜结构、信号肽、磷酸化位点、系统发育关系、多序列比对的同源性矩阵、保守基序、保守结构域、二级结构、三级结构及无序区域进行预测分析。【结果】不同还原性脱卤酶蛋白的理化性质存在差异,但呈现出一定的保守性。不同还原性脱卤酶蛋白的磷酸化位点、保守结构域分布、保守基序分布,以及二级结构的保守性较高。底物类别相似或相同的还原性脱卤酶在蛋白序列和三级结构上更为相似。大多数还原性脱卤酶蛋白的亲缘关系较近。还原性脱卤酶蛋白主要为分泌型蛋白、非膜定位蛋白和固有无序蛋白。【结论】不同还原性脱卤酶蛋白具有一定的保守性,因此能够发挥相似的生物学功能。研究结果对进一步研究还原性脱卤酶具有一定的参考价值,尤其是为基于还原性脱卤酶的有机卤呼吸细菌应用于实际场地修复提供科学依据与理论参考。 相似文献
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一种新型微生物卤醇脱卤酶的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
卤醇脱卤酶是细菌降解环境中重要污染物有机卤化物的关键酶之一,具有与其他已知脱卤酶不同的脱卤机制。它是一类通过分子内亲核取代机制催化邻卤醇转化为环氧化物的脱卤酶,可以高效催化有机邻卤醇进行脱卤反应,在治理环境污染方面具有十分重要作用。此外,在催化环氧化物和邻卤醇之间的转化反应中,卤醇脱卤酶具有很高的立体选择性,因而在手性药物合成方面也有广阔的应用前景。我们着重从卤化物生物降解途径、脱卤机制及应用等方面介绍了卤醇脱卤酶的最新研究进展,同时对卤醇脱卤酶改造的新方法进行了阐述与展望。 相似文献
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经过人工富集和驯化的兼性和严格厌氧微生物是厌氧消化工艺的核心。不同厌氧消化体系中存在的问题大多可以通过改变微生物群落的代谢活性来得到有效改善。得益于微生物组学检测技术的快速发展,对厌氧消化系统中微生物多样性的认识获得了极大的拓展,同时在微生物类群间、微生物与环境的互作关系研究方面也取得了一系列新的进展。然而,有机固废厌氧消化系统中,各种微生物以及微生物和物质的相互作用构成了更为复杂的代谢网络,所以目前对这些互作关系的解析尚不完善。本文重点关注了厌氧消化过程中的典型菌群互作关系,阐述了典型有机固废厌氧消化系统中存在的问题及微生物在其中发挥的作用,最后,立足于现有组学技术推动的微生物组研究进展,对未来有机固废厌氧消化系统微生物组的研究提出展望。 相似文献
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随着全球变暖的加剧,高温已成为全球农作物产量下降的限制性因素之一。高温胁迫严重制约着作物产量和农业可持续发展。仅仅依赖于植物自身应对高温的生理响应开发作物耐高温策略是远远不够的。与植物紧密互作的根际微生物在植物健康发育和胁迫耐受性方面发挥着重要作用,具备良好的应用潜力。基于此,本文关注高温胁迫下适应性微生物的定殖以及微生物对植物的有益协助,综述了高温胁迫对植物生长的影响和植物对高温胁迫的响应,并阐明了微生物在提高作物抵御高温胁迫的能力方面的研究现状,对微生物改善植物生长的同时提高作物耐高温能力具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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Ian PG Marshall Dusty RV Berggren Mohammad F Azizian Luke C Burow Lewis Semprini Alfred M Spormann 《The ISME journal》2012,6(4):814-826
We developed a broad-ranging method for identifying key hydrogen-producing and consuming microorganisms through analysis of hydrogenase gene content and expression in complex anaerobic microbial communities. The method is based on a tiling hydrogenase gene oligonucleotide DNA microarray (Hydrogenase Chip), which implements a high number of probes per gene by tiling probe sequences across genes of interest at 1.67 × –2 × coverage. This design favors the avoidance of false positive gene identification in samples of DNA or RNA extracted from complex microbial communities. We applied this technique to interrogate interspecies hydrogen transfer in complex communities in (i) lab-scale reductive dehalogenating microcosms enabling us to delineate key H2-consuming microorganisms, and (ii) hydrogen-generating microbial mats where we found evidence for significant H2 production by cyanobacteria. Independent quantitative PCR analysis on selected hydrogenase genes showed that this Hydrogenase Chip technique is semiquantitative. We also determined that as microbial community complexity increases, specificity must be traded for sensitivity in analyzing data from tiling DNA microarrays. 相似文献
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进化实验中使用竞争实验测量两个物种或基因型的相对适合度时, 通常假定两者的适合度差异是恒定的。然而竞争双方的相互作用可能导致适合度差异受到初始相对频率的影响。本研究通过测量两种进化株系的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)在不同初始相对频率下的相对适合度, 分析了初始相对频率对相对适合度的影响。结果发现高氮进化株系相对低氮进化株系的相对适合度随其初始相对频率的减小而增加, 表现出显著的负频率依赖。两种株系在培养高氮株系的滤出液中均没有显著的生长, 在培养低氮株系的滤出液中均有生长, 但高氮株系的细胞加倍次数是低氮株系的3倍, 说明导致适合度出现负频率依赖的原因可能是低氮株系的竞争能力较低, 不能完全利用培养基中的资源; 也可能是低氮株系的代谢产物能被高氮株系利用, 产生互养作用。不同的相互作用可能导致不同的初始相对频率与相对适合度间的关系, 因此, 为了更准确地衡量适合度, 进化实验中需要考虑初始相对频率对相对适合度的影响。 相似文献
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Shanquan Wang Lan Qiu Xiaowei Liu Guofang Xu Michael Siegert Qihong Lu Philippe Juneau Ling Yu Dawei Liang Zhili He Rongliang Qiu 《Biotechnology advances》2018,36(4):1194-1206
In situ remediation employing organohalide-respiring bacteria represents a promising solution for cleanup of persistent organohalide pollutants. The organohalide-respiring bacteria conserve energy by utilizing H2 or organic compounds as electron donors and organohalides as electron acceptors. Reductive dehalogenase (RDase), a terminal reductase of the electron transport chain in organohalide-respiring bacteria, is the key enzyme that catalyzes halogen removal. Accumulating experimental evidence thus far suggests that there are distinct models for respiratory electron transfer in organohalide-respirers of different lineages, e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, Desulfitobacterium and Sulfurospirillum. In this review, to connect the knowledge in organohalide-respiratory electron transport chains to bioremediation applications, we first comprehensively review molecular components and their organization, together with energetics of the organohalide-respiratory electron transport chains, as well as recent elucidation of intramolecular electron shuttling and halogen elimination mechanisms of RDases. We then highlight the implications of organohalide-respiratory electron transport chains in stimulated bioremediation. In addition, major challenges and further developments toward understanding the organohalide-respiratory electron transport chains and their bioremediation applications are identified and discussed. 相似文献
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The Desulfitobacterium genus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Desulfitobacterium spp. are strictly anaerobic bacteria that were first isolated from environments contaminated by halogenated organic compounds. They are very versatile microorganisms that can use a wide variety of electron acceptors, such as nitrate, sulfite, metals, humic acids, and man-made or naturally occurring halogenated organic compounds. Most of the Desulfitobacterium strains can dehalogenate halogenated organic compounds by mechanisms of reductive dehalogenation, although the substrate spectrum of halogenated organic compounds varies substantially from one strain to another, even with strains belonging to the same species. A number of reductive dehalogenases and their corresponding gene loci have been isolated from these strains. Some of these loci are flanked by transposition sequences, suggesting that they can be transmitted by horizontal transfer via a catabolic transposon. Desulfitobacterium spp. can use H2 as electron donor below the threshold concentration that would allow sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. Furthermore, there is some evidence that syntrophic relationships occur between Desulfitobacterium spp. and sulfate-reducing bacteria, from which the Desulfitobacterium cells acquire their electrons by interspecies hydrogen transfer, and it is believed that this relationship also occurs in a methanogenic consortium. Because of their versatility, desulfitobacteria can be excellent candidates for the development of anaerobic bioremediation processes. The release of the complete genome of Desulfitobacterium hafniense strain Y51 and information from the partial genome sequence of D. hafniense strain DCB-2 will certainly help in predicting how desulfitobacteria interact with their environments and other microorganisms, and the mechanisms of actions related to reductive dehalogenation. 相似文献
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互养关系(cross-feeding)是微生物物种之间普遍存在的一种相互关系,其中物种利用环境中其他成员的代谢产物以促进自身生长的情形称为代谢互养关系,这种关系对物种间的竞争结果往往有很大影响,甚至会改变种群结构。为了研究代谢互养关系在维持微生物物种多样性中的作用,构建包含不同代谢互养关系的资源竞争模型,这些模型既体现了微生物物种竞争资源时种群密度及资源量的动态,也展示了物种利用其他竞争者的代谢资源对自身生存状况的影响。数值模拟结果显示:(1)考虑微生物中不同的代谢互养关系结构:两物种间单向互养、双向互养以及多物种间的互养,不同的互养关系都可以促进竞争物种稳定共存,竞争中处于劣势的物种通过利用其他竞争成员的代谢产物,打破外界资源量对其生长的限制,改变原本消亡的命运;而处于优势的物种则通过利用其他竞争成员的代谢产物,增大种群密度。(2)多物种竞争同一种有限资源时,不是所有物种都能共存,在四物种模拟中,原本处于最劣势的物种灭绝,其余三者共存。物种产生代谢资源对其本身是\"不利\"的,如果在模拟中物种利用代谢资源的能力相同,那么物种竞争外界资源的劣势就很可能无法被抵消。通过改变资源利用率发现只有互养关系中代谢资源的利用可以弥补劣势种在竞争外界资源时的不足,多物种才可以全部共存。(3)验证数值模拟结果的普遍性,分析参数变化对共存的影响,结果表明代谢互养关系促进的共存对代谢资源相关参数不敏感,参数的改变只影响平衡态时物种的种群密度。所以,代谢互养关系可以促进相互竞争的微生物物种共存,即微生物之间的互养关系很可能是维持物种多样性的一种机制。 相似文献
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Barbara R. Sharak Genthner 《Biodegradation》1999,10(1):27-33
Dechlorination was the initial step of 2CB biodegradation in four 2-chlorobenzoate-degrading methanogenic consortia. Selected characteristics of ortho reductive dehalogenation were examined in consortia developed from the highest actively dechlorinating dilutions of the original 2CB consortia, designated consortia M34-9, P20-9, P21-9 and M50-7. In addition to 2-chlorobenzote, all four dilution consortia dehalogenated 4 of 32 additional halogenated aromatic substrates tested, including 2-bromobenzoate; 2,6-dichlorobenzoate; 2,4-dichlorobenzoate; and 2-chloro-5-hydroxybenzoate. Dehalogenation occurred exclusively at the ortho position. Both ortho chlorines were removed from 2,6-dichlorobenzoate. Benzoate was detected from 2-bromobenzoate and 2,6-dichlorobenzoate. 4-Chlorobenzoate and 3-hydroxybenzoate were formed from 2,4-dichlorobenzoate and 2-chloro-5-hydroxybenzoate, respectively. Only benzoate was further degraded. Slightly altering the structure of the parent 'benzoate molecule' resulted in observing reductive biotransformations other than dehalogenation. 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde was reduced to 2-chlorobenzyl alcohol by all four consortia. 2-chloroanisole was O-demethoxylated by three of the four consortia forming 2-chlorophenol. GC-MS analysis indicated reduction of the double bond in the propenoic side chain of 2-chlorocinnamate forming 2-chlorohydrocinnamate. None of the reduction products was dechlorinated. The following were not dehalogenated: 3- and 4-bromobenzoate; 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate; 2-, 3-, and 4-fluorobenzoate; 2-, 3-, and 4-iodobenzoate; 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorophenol; 2-chloroaniline; 2-chloro-5-methylbenzoate; 2,3-dichlorobenzoate; 2,5-dichlorobenzoate; 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid; and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Consortia M34-9, P20-9, P21-9, and M50-7 dechlorinated 2-chlorobenzoate at 4 mm. Dechlorination rates were highest for consortia P20-9 followed by those of M50-7with rates declining above 2 and 3mm 2CB, respectively. The major physiological types of microorganisms in consortia M34-9, P20-9, P21-9, and M50-7 were sulfate-reducing and hydrogen-utilizing anaerobes. 相似文献
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【目的】探究在渤海沉积物中参与降解芘的关键细菌及他们之间潜在的相互关系。【方法】构建以芘为唯一碳源的微宇宙培养体系驯化来自渤海的表层沉积物,借助Illumina Hiseq 2500获取驯化过程中的细菌群落组成,基于CCLasso算法及相对丰度数据预测细菌之间的相互作用关系以构建微生物生态网络。【结果】30 d后芘的降解率为(67.07±2.37)%,细菌群落结构也发生了明显改变:Alphaproteobacteria、Flavobacteriia、Planctomycetia等的相对丰度明显增加,而Deltaproteobacteria、Anaerolineae及Spirochaetes等则明显减少。本研究获得一个由29个点143条边构成的微生物生态网络。分类已知的属中,Erythrobacter及Planctomyces等拥有较高的点度中心度。较强的互作关系发生在Erythrobacter与Flavobacteriaceae、Alphaproteobacteria中的未知属之间。【结论】在芘的微生物降解过程中,关键细菌之间存在紧密互作。Erythrobacter为关键细菌的代表属。 相似文献