基于WGCNA算法的基因共表达网络构建理论及其R软件实现

WGCNA(weighted geneco-expression network analysis)算法是一种构建基因共表达网络的典型系统生物学算法,该算法基于高通量的基因信使RNA(mRNA)表达芯片数据,被广泛应用于国际生物医学领域。本文旨在介绍WGCNA的基本数理原理,并依托R软件包WGNCA以实例的方式介绍其应用。WGCNA算法首先假定基因网络服从无尺度分布,并定义基因共表达相关矩阵、基因网络形成的邻接函数,然后计算不同节点的相异系数,并据此构建分层聚类树(hierarchical clusteringtree),该聚类树的不同分支代表不同的基因模块(module),模块内基因共表达程度高,而分数不同模块的基因共表达程度低。最后,探索模块与特定表型或疾病的关联关系,最终达到鉴定疾病治疗的靶点基因、基因网络的目的。     

Metabolomics Study of Flavonoids and Anthocyanin-Related Gene Analysis in Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) and Kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta)

Plant Molecular Biology Reporter - This study investigated the flavonoid compounds in Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia arguta fruits. A total of 125 flavonoids, including 9 anthocyanins, 12...     

The microbial oxidation of (-)-beta-pinene by Botrytis cinerea

(-)-beta-pinene, a flavor and fragrance monoterpene is an important constituent of essential oils of many aromatic plants. It was oxidized by a plant-pathogenic fungus, Botrytis cinerea to afford four metabolites characterized as (-)-6a-hydroxy-beta-pinene, (-)-4beta,5beta-dihydroxy-beta-pinene, (-)-2beta,3beta-dihydroxypinane, and (-)-4beta-hydroxy-beta-pinene-6-one by detailed spectroscopic studies along with other known metabolites.     

基于加权共变化网络分析水稻根系微生物群落间的差异

为了解水稻根系微生物群落间的差异,比较水稻根内、根表以及根际3个生态位微生物群落组成差异;探究水稻根系生态位之间、变化种群间的相互关系;以期为今后水稻根系微生物研究提供具有参考价值的依据.本研究利用WGCNA算法对水稻根系3个生态位的微生物群落数据分别构建共表达网络,找出根内、根表以及根际微生物群落间的差异网络,以网络为单位比较分析不同生态位间微生物群落的差异,并基于共变化网络分析进一步探究差异种群间的相互关系.通过WGCNA算法对水稻根系3个生态位的微生物群落进行共表达网络分析,结果发现:在水稻根内-根表-根际3个生态位间,微生物群落构成的共表达互作网络存在差异.进一步分析3个生态位间差异网络,发现根际-根表差异网络中的OTUs分布于6个门18个属中,优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,72.97％);在根际-根内差异网络中的OTUs分布于9个门35个属,优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,66.36％)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,9.09％)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,10.9％);根表-根内差异网络中的OTUs分布于12个门36个属中,其中优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,41.41％)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,10.10％)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,12.12％)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia,10.10％).Rhodobacter、No-vosphingobium等3个核心菌属、Blvii28、Dechloromonas等6个核心菌属和Cellvibrio、Geobacter等5个核心菌属,分别在根际-根表差异种群微生物共变化网络、根际-根内差异种群微生物共变化网络和根表-根内差异种群微生物共变化网络中起重要的调控作用.     

Identification of Salt Stress Response Genes in Rosa chinensis Leaves by Comparative RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptome Dynamics

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Rosa chinensis Jacq., originating from China, occupied a pivotal position in the floral industry all over the world. Drought and soil salinization is a major...     

Control of Botrytis cinerea and Botrytis squamosa in overwintered salad onions by fungicide sprays

In 1974/75, 13 sprays of 0·2% a.i. thiram applied at 14 day intervals to overwintered salad onions reduced the incidence of Botrytis cinerea and significantly increased onion yields. In 1977/78 both B. cinerea and B. squamosa occurred, and 12 iprodione sprays at 0·1% a.i. applied at 14-day intervals or 6 sprays at 0·2% a.i. applied at 28-day intervals gave good control of B. cinerea and B. squamosa and significantly increased onion yields. Benomyl (0·1% a.i. at 14-day intervals, or 0·2% a.i. at 28-day intervals) failed to control either pathogen because of the development of carbendazim-insensitive strains of the fungi. Effective control of both pathogens and increased yields were obtained with an application of 0·4% a.i. thiram in October and November followed by an application of 0·2% a.i. iprodione in December and January.     

Ethylene production by Botrytis cinerea in vitro and in tomatoes

A laser-based ethylene detector was used for on-line monitoring of ethylene released by the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea in vitro and in tomato fruit. Ethylene data were combined with the results of a cytological analysis of germination of B. cinerea conidia and hyphal growth. We found that aminoethoxyvinylglycine and aminooxyacetic acid, which are competitive inhibitors of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid pathway, did not inhibit the ethylene emission by B. cinerea and that the fungus most likely produces ethylene via the 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid pathway. B. cinerea is able to produce ethylene in vitro, and the emission of ethylene follows the pattern that is associated with hyphal growth rather than the germination of conidia. Ethylene production in vitro depended on the L-methionine concentration added to the plating medium. Higher values and higher emission rates were observed when the concentration of conidia was increased. Compared with the ethylene released by the fungus, the infection-related ethylene produced by two tomato cultivars (cultivars Money Maker and Daniela) followed a similar pattern, but the levels of emission were 100-fold higher. The time evolution of enhanced ethylene production by the infected tomatoes and the cytological observations indicate that ethylene emission by the tomato-fungus system is not triggered by the ethylene produced by B. cinerea, although it is strongly synchronized with the growth rate of the fungus inside the tomato.     

Reduced Development of Grey Mould (Botrytis cinerea) in Bean and Tomato Plants by Calcium Nutrition

Fertilization of bean plants grown in perlite with 1 and 3 mM CaCl₂ or Ca(NO₃)₂ reduced severity of grey mould as compared with control plants or plants fertilized with 5 mM of the compounds. Fertilization with Ca(NO₃)₂ reduced severity leaf grey mould and fruit ghost spots of tomato plants grown in perlite by 70 and 45%, respectively. The rate of decrease varied with the position of the fruits on the plants. Leaves from plants treated with calcium or otherwise [KNO₃, (NH₄)₂SO₄] produced less ethylene than leaves of nontreated plants. Rate of growth of B. cinerea was lower on growth medium prepared from washings from leaves of calcium fertilized plants than from leaves from other treatments. The fertilizer combination Ca(H₂PO₄)₂+ CaSO₄ (1 and 3 g/kg soil) applied once to tomato plants grown in soil reduced severity of leaf grey mould by 80 % (significant at P = 0.05) but 1–3 g CaSO₄/kg soil only tended to reduce disease severity (30–40 %, not significant) as compared with the control. The compounds CaCl₂ and Ca(NO₃)₂ increased significantly ( P = 0.05) the growth of B. cinerea on synthetic medium when applied at rates of 1 0–10.0 mM whereas reduction of growth was observed with 0.1 mM of the compounds and of CaSO₄.     

Changes in pH and the Production of Organic Acids During Colonization of Tomato Petioles by Botrytis cinerea

After inoculation of petiole stumps of tomato plants with a tomato isolate of B. cinerea, a transition zone between water-soaked and apparently healthy tissue became clearly visible. Hyphal colonization occurred up to approximately 2 mm beyond this zone. In the colonized tissue the pH values were lower than in the healthy tissue. In the region with most of the tips of the advancing hyphae, however, pH values were slightly, but consistently, higher. In the colonized tissue concentrations of oxalic, citric and succinic acid were higher than in the tissue of healthy, non-inoculated petioles. In vitro this isolate of B. cinerea produced citric, malic and succinic acid. Oxalic acid, however, could not be detected. In media enriched, with citric or malic acid, mycelial production was higher than in media without this enrichment.