不同地区HPV16 E7基因的克隆及序列差异分析

采用PCR扩增、pGEM T载体克隆和核苷酸序列分析的方法对一例武汉地区及两例五峰县高发区宫颈癌患者体内HPV16型的E7基因编码区进行序列分析并与野生型 (德国标准株 )及已发表的HPV16湖北株 (HPVHB)进行了比较。结果发现武汉地区HPV16型E7基因仅第 5 4位出现一个同义突变 ,而高发区HPV16型E7基因存在差异 ,第 77位氨基酸由精氨酸 (Arg)变为半胱氨酸 (Cys) ,第 96位由谷氨酰氨酸 (Gln)变为精氨酸 (Arg) ,E7蛋白的二级结构及亲、疏水性也相应改变 ,与野生型有较大差异     

Identification of a Novel Human Papillomavirus,Type HPV199, Isolated from a Nasopharynx and Anal Canal,and Complete Genomic Characterization of Papillomavirus Species Gamma-12

The novel human papillomavirus type 199 (HPV199) was initially identified in a nasopharyngeal swab sample obtained from a 25 year-old immunocompetent male. The complete genome of HPV199 is 7,184 bp in length with a GC content of 36.5%. Comparative genomic characterization of HPV199 and its closest relatives showed the classical genomic organization of Gammapapillomaviruses (Gamma-PVs). HPV199 has seven major open reading frames (ORFs), encoding five early (E1, E2, E4, E6, and E7) and two late (L1 and L2) proteins, while lacking the E5 ORF. The long control region (LCR) of 513 bp is located between the L1 and E6 ORFs. Phylogenetic analysis additionally confirmed that HPV-199 clusters into the Gamma-PV genus, species Gamma-12, additionally containing HPV127, HV132, HPV148, HPV165, and three putative HPV types: KC5, CG2 and CG3. HPV199 is most closely related to HPV127 (nucleotide identity 77%). The complete viral genome sequence of additional HPV199 isolate was determined from anal canal swab sample. Two HPV199 complete viral sequences exhibit 99.4% nucleotide identity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first member of Gamma-PV with complete nucleotide sequences determined from two independent clinical samples. To evaluate the tissue tropism of the novel HPV type, 916 clinical samples were tested using HPV199 type-specific real-time PCR: HPV199 was detected in 2/76 tissue samples of histologically confirmed common warts, 2/108 samples of eyebrow hair follicles, 2/137 anal canal swabs obtained from individuals with clinically evident anal pathology, 4/184 nasopharyngeal swabs and 3/411 cervical swabs obtained from women with normal cervical cytology. Although HPV199 was found in 1.4% of cutaneous and mucosal samples only, it exhibits dual tissue tropism. According to the results of our study and literature data, dual tropism of all Gamma-12 members is highly possible.     

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Viruses Isolated from Chimpanzees with Pathogenic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infections

We have previously described the development of AIDS in a chimpanzee (C499) infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the subsequent pathogenic HIV-1 infection in another chimpanzee (C455) transfused with blood from C499 (F. J. Novembre et al., J. Virol. 71:4086–4091, 1997). In the present study, two virus isolates were derived from these animals: HIV-1_JC from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of C499, and HIV-1_NC from plasma of C455. These virus isolates were used to generate two infectious molecular clones, termed HIV-1_JC16 and HIV-1_NC7 (JC16 and NC7, respectively). Comparative analyses of the sequences of the two clones showed that they were highly interrelated but distinct. Based on heteroduplex mobility assays, JC16 and NC7 appear to represent dominant viruses in the uncloned stock population. Compared with amino acid sequences of the parental viruses HIV-1_SF2, HIV-1_LAV-1b, and HIV-1_NDK, JC16 and NC7 showed a number of differences, including insertions, deletions, and point mutations spread throughout the genome. However, insertion/deletion footprints in several genes of both JC16 and NC7 suggested that recombination between SF2 and LAV-1b could have occurred, possibly contributing to the generation of a pathogenic virus. Comparative in vitro analyses of the molecular clones and the uncloned stocks of HIV-1_JC and HIV-1_NC revealed that these viruses had strikingly similar replicative abilities in mitogen-stimulated PBMC and in macrophages. Compared to the SF2 and LAV-1b isolates of HIV-1, HIV-1_JC and HIV-1_NC isolates were more similar to LAV-1b with respect to the ability to replicate in mitogen-stimulated PBMC and macrophages. These viruses should prove to be useful in mapping determinants of pathogenesis.     

人乳头瘤病毒6型L1基因的克隆及蛋白表达

目的：在大肠杆菌中表达经密码子优化的人乳头瘤病毒6型（HPV6）L1的融合蛋白。方法：PCR方法扩增HPV6 L1,基因,测序及序列比对后,对基因进行密码子优化并合成优化后的基因HPV6mLI,将其克隆入原核表达载体pGEX4T-1,IPTG诱导融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定表达产物。结果：酶切和测序结果证实HPV6 mL1基因的原核表达载体构建正确;以1mmol／L IPTG于37℃诱导4h,蛋白以包涵体形式表达;表达产物的相对分子质量与预期值一致,为80000。结论：获得大肠杆菌表达的HPV6L1蛋白,为其结构功能研究和疫苗研发提供了基础。     

一个新的人类睾丸特异基因的cDNA克隆和表达分析

运用“数据库消减杂交”(DigitalDifferentialDisplay)方法筛选人类睾丸特异表达新基因 ,获得了有差异显示的代表新基因的克隆重叠群 ,挑选其中一个克隆重叠群HS .12 9794进行多组织RT PCR ,初步证实该重叠群在人睾丸中有高表达。然后从包含该重叠群的IMAGE克隆出发 ,采用生物信息学的方法快速克隆了一个人类新基因的全长cDNA序列 ,其全长 2 4 30bp ,开放阅读框为 6 76～ 12 4 8bp ,定位于 3p2 1 1,编码由 190个氨基酸组成 ,分子量为 2 0 4 17 8Da ,等电点为 5 2 3的一个偏酸性蛋白质 ,该蛋白与已知蛋白质无明显同源性。克隆实验验证该基因阅读框完全正确 ,半定量RT PCR进一步显示该基因在人不同发育时期的睾丸及精子细胞中有表达 ,推测其可能与精子生成相关 ,暂命名为SRG5 (TestisSpermatogenesisRelatedGene 5 ,SRG5 ) (GenBank登录号 :AY2 2 1117)。SRG5基因的成功克隆表明 ,“数据库消减杂交”与实验验证相结合的技术路线是一种快捷高效的发现更多人类功能新基因的新策略。     

人类锌指结构新基因ZNF18的克隆和表达谱分析

在很多转录因子中发现的锌指结构,被认为在人类心脏的发育和相关疾病的发生过程中发挥重要的作用。本文报道了克隆和表达分析人类新的锌指蛋白基因ZNF18。该基因cDNA长2 767 bp,编码一个有549个氨基酸的蛋白,这一蛋白含有一个SCAN结构域,一个KRAB结构域和5个连续的C2H2型锌指结构域。ZNF18蛋白与小鼠Zfp535有77％的同源性。ZNF18基因定位于人染色体17p12~p13,包含9个外显子和8个内含子。以ZNF18全长编码区为探针进行Northern杂交,结果显示ZNF18在成体小鼠各组织中广泛表达,但在心脏中低丰度表达。整体原位杂交结果显示,ZNF18基因在小鼠胚胎的表达有很高的动态性。ZNF18主要在E7.5小鼠胚胎的胚外组织表达,E8.5出现了胚胎躯干前端表达。ZNF18从E9.0开始在胚胎的心脏和尾部表达,尤其在E10.5胚胎的心脏高丰度表达。这提示ZNF18基因与心脏发育过程可能有密切的关系。     

一个新的睾丸特异表达基因的克隆及功能的初步分析

运用“数据库消减杂交”(digital differential display)方法来筛选人类睾丸特异表达新基因,获得了有差异显示的代表新基因的克隆重叠群。挑选其中一个克隆重叠群HS．326528进行多组织RT—PCR,初步获得该重叠群在人睾丸中有高表达。从该重叠群的IMAGE出发,采用生物信息学的方法快速克隆了一个人类新基因的全长cDNA序列,其全长1044bp,开放阅读框为214～529bp,定位于15q26．2,编码由105个氨基酸组成、分子量为11．7kD、等电点为10．09的一个碱性蛋白,该蛋白与已知蛋白无明显的同源性,克隆实验证明该基因的阅读框完全正确,RT—PCR和Northern blot显示该基因在人类睾丸中特异表达,实时PCR结果表明：该基因在成人睾丸中高表达,在精子中有中度表达,在胚胎睾丸中低表达,推测该基因与精子的生成有关,命名为SRG8(homo sapiens spermatogenesis—related gene 8)(GenBank登录号：AY489187),该基因编码的蛋白定位于细胞核。流式结果分析表明,SRG8基因能够促使HeLa细胞由S期向G2期的转变,从而加速细胞的分裂。这些结果表明SRG8基因可能在睾丸的发育及精子的形成过程中起重要的作用。     

人类新基因LACE1的克隆和特性初步分析

目的:构建人类新基因LACE1,同时对该基因进行初步的特性和功能研究.方法:通过生物信息学EST拼接技术,RT-PCR等技术,克隆出30个人类未知功能基因.利用RT-PCR技术对该基因的表达谱进行研究,同时结合绿色荧光蛋白与荧光显微镜对该蛋白的定位进行初步分析,并利用MTT初步分析该基因的功能.结果:成功克隆出30个未知功能的人类新基因,其中LACEI(Homo sapiens lactation elevated 1)是一个没有任何功能文献报道的新基因,通过生物信息学分析该基因NCBI:NM一145315.3,其cDNA全长为2 262bp,有13个外显子和12个内含子组成,主要定位于人6号染色体,该基因定位于细胞质中,MTT结果显示该基因能明显抑制细胞增值.结论:人类新基因LACEI是一个抑制细胞增值的相对保守的人类新基因.     

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Human CC Chemokine, SCYA26

By searching the Expressed Sequence Tag database, a full-length cDNA for a novel human CC chemokine was cloned. This cDNA encoded a 94-amino-acid protein with a putative signal peptide of 26 amino acids. The deduced mature protein had the four conserved cysteine residues characteristic of CC chemokines and showed 44% identity with MIP-1beta and 40% identity with MIP-1alpha, RANTES, and MCP-4. mRNA for this chemokine was expressed constitutively in human heart and liver and with lesser but detectable levels in skeletal muscle, kidney, and small intestine. To investigate its biological activity, the protein was expressed in mammalian cells and purified by affinity chromatography. The recombinant protein demonstrated chemotactic activity in vitro for T cells and monocytes but not for neutrophils. The gene was mapped to chromosome 7q11.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Based on its structural identity with other CC chemokines and the chemotactic activity and chromosomal location of this chemokine, we designate this chemokine small inducible cytokine subfamily A, member 26 (SCYA26). This gene symbol has been approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee.     

Molecular Cloning and Characterisation of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase from Tripterygium wilfordii

Farnesylpyrophosphate synthase (FPS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), which is an important precursor of sesquiterpenoids such as artemisinin and wilfordine. In the present study, we report the molecular cloning and characterization of two full-length cDNAs encoding FPSs from Tripterygium wilfordii (TwFPSs). TwFPSs maintained their capability to synthesise FPP in vitro when purified as recombinant proteins from E. coli. Consistent with the endogenous role of FPS in FPP biosynthesis, TwFPSs were highly expressed in T. wilfordii roots, and were up-regulated upon methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. The global gene expression profiles suggested that the TwFPSs might play an important regulatory role interpenoid biosynthesis in T. wilfordii, laying the groundwork for the future study of the synthetic biology of natural terpene products.     

cDNA Cloning and Molecular Modeling of Procerain B,a Novel Cysteine Endopeptidase Isolated from Calotropis procera

Procerain B, a novel cysteine protease (endopeptidase) isolated from Calotropis procera belongs to Asclepiadaceae family. Purification of the enzyme, biochemical characterization and potential applications are already published by our group. Here, we report cDNA cloning, complete amino acid sequencing and molecular modeling of procerain B. The derived amino acid sequence showed high sequence homology with other papain like plant cysteine proteases of peptidase C1A superfamily. The three dimensional structure of active procerain B was modeled by homology modeling using X-ray crystal structure of actinidin (PDB ID: 3P5U), a cysteine protease from the fruits of Actinidia arguta. The structural aspect of the enzyme is also discussed.     

Molecular Cloning,Expression and Characterisation of a Bacterial Myrosinase from Citrobacter Wye1

The Protein Journal - Glucosinolates are plant natural products which on degradation by myrosinases give rise to the beneficial bioactive isothiocyanates. Recently, a myrosinase activity was...     

人乳头瘤病毒16型(新疆株)E7基因的克隆与突变研究

目的：克隆分析人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)新疆株的研基因;并对E7基因进行突变改造,以比较野生型与突变型HPV16E7基因的功能。方法：根据从中国新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌活检组织标本中提取的DNA,进行PCR扩增获得HPV16E7基因,然后分别将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上进行DNA序列分析。根据HPV16E7基因的特点,分别设计点突变引物,用PCR的方法进行HPV16E7基因的点突变。结果：PCR检测显示扩增出HPV16(新疆株)E8基因;测序结果表明HPV16-XJ的研基因全长297bp,与德国标准株一致;利用设计突变位点的引物经PCR扩增,经序列测定后,分别得到了第70、172、271位碱基突变的HPV16E7基因;分别构建了野生型与单、双、三点突变的重组质粒pMD18-T-HPV16E7。结论：人乳头瘤病毒16型(新疆株)E7基因结构与德国标准株相同。HPV16E7基因多点突变的改造,为探索HPV16E7基因功能的变化和开展疫苗研究奠定了理论基础。     

Cloning of the Human Carnitine-Acylcarnitine Carrier cDNA and Identification of the Molecular Defect in a Patient

The carnitine-acylcarnitine carrier (CAC) catalyzes the translocation of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. We cloned and sequenced the human CAC cDNA, which has an open reading frame of 903 nucleotides. Northern blot studies revealed different expression levels of CAC in various human tissues. Furthermore, mutation analysis was performed for a CAC-deficient infant. Direct sequencing of the patient's cDNA revealed a homozygous cytosine nucleotide insertion. This insertion provokes a frameshift and an extension of the open reading frame with 23 novel codons. This is the first report documenting a mutation, in the CAC cDNA, responsible for mitochondrial beta-oxidation impairment.     

Characterization of a Highly Replicative Intergroup M/O Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Recombinant Isolated from a Cameroonian Patient

A Cameroonian patient with antibodies reacting simultaneously to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group O- and group M-specific V3-loop peptides was identified. In order to confirm that this patient was coinfected with both viruses, PCRs with O- and M-specific discriminating primers corresponding to different regions of the genome were carried out with both primary lymphocyte DNA and the corresponding viral strains isolated from three consecutive patient samples. The PCR data suggested that this patient is coinfected with a group M virus and a recombinant M/O virus. Indeed, only type M gag sequences could be amplified, while for the env region, both type M and O sequences were amplified, from plasma or from DNA extracted from primary lymphocytes. Sequence analysis of a complete recombinant genome isolated from the second sample (97CA-MP645 virus isolate) revealed two intergroup breakpoints, one in the vpr gene and the second in the long terminal repeat region around the TATA box. Comparison of the type M sequences shared by the group M and the recombinant M/O viruses showed that these sequences were closely related, with only 3% genetic distance, suggesting that the M virus was one of the parental viruses. In this report we describe for the first time a recombination event in vivo between viruses belonging to two different groups, leading to a replicative virus. Recombination between strains with such distant lineages (65% overall homology) may contribute substantially to the emergence of new HIV-1 variants. We documented that this virus replicates well and became predominant in vitro. At this time, group O viruses represent a minority of the strains responsible for the HIV-1 pandemic. If such recombinant intergroup viruses gained better fitness, inducing changes in their biological properties compared to the parental group O virus, the prevalences of group O sequences could increase rapidly. This will have important implications for diagnosis of HIV-1 infections by serological and molecular tests, as well as for antiviral treatment.     

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Dehydrin Gene from Ginkgo biloba

A full-length cDNA encoding a dehydrin was cloned from the living fossil plant Ginkgo biloba by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The cDNA, designated as GbDHN, was 813 bp long containing an open reading frame of 489 bp. The deduced GbDHN protein had 163 amino acid residues, which formed a 17 kDa polypeptide with a predicted isoelectric point (pI) of 5.75. GbDHN had an S-segment and a K-segment, indicative of dehydrins, but no Y-segments. Homology analysis indicated that the S-segment and K-segment of GbDHN shared identity with those of other reported dehydrins, indicating that GbDHN belonged to dehydrin superfamily. Genomic sequence of GbDHN was also cloned using genomic walker technology. By comparing genomic DNA with the cDNA, it was found that there was a 257-bp intron in this gene. Promoter analysis indicated that it contained six CAAT boxes, one TATA box, one ABRE box and one GC-motif in the 5′-flanking region. Southern blot analysis revealed that GbDHN belonged to a single copy gene family. RT-PCR analysis revealed that GbDHN constitutively expressed in stems and roots. The increased expression of GbDHN was detected when G. biloba seedlings were treated with exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), salt stress and drought stress. These results indicate that the GbDHN has the potential to play a role in response to ABA and environmental stresses that can cause plant dehydration.     

人乳头瘤病毒16型湖北株E7基因的克隆和高效表达

利用基因克隆技术,将ＨＰＶ１６湖北株完整的Ｅ７基因克隆到含乳糖操纵子的表达载体ｐＷＲ５９０１上,经限制性酶切分析获得重组质粒ｐＷＨＢＥ７。ｐＷＨＢＥ７转化大肠杆菌后表达产生分子量为７０ｋＤ的融合蛋白ｌａｃＥ７,该蛋白在免疫印迹实验中可被标准Ｅ７单抗识别。经ＩＰＴＧ诱导后,Ｅ７融合蛋白产量可达细菌总蛋白含量的３０％以上。利用ｌａｃＥ７蛋白在细菌胞浆中形成包含体的性质,简便地提取并纯化了该蛋白质。结果为从免疫学角度探讨ＨＰＶ１６与宫颈癌的关系以及ＨＰＶ疫苗的研制打下基础。     

Molecular Cloning and Nucleotide Sequencing of a Novel Aminoglycoside 6′-N-Acetyltransferase Gene from an R-Plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium S24 Isolated in Taiwan

A conjugative aminoglycoside resistance plasmid pST2 has been isolated from Escherichia coli K-12 14R525, which was mated with a clinical isolate of Salmonella typhimurium S24. A novel resistance gene of aminoglycoside 6′-N-acetyltransferase[AAC(6′)] was cloned from plasmid pST2 on a 1,393 kilobase (kb) of Sphl-SalI fragment into vector pACYC184 and pUC18. This novel A AC (6′) gene in plasmid pST2 acetylated kanamycin, amikacin, dibekacin, tobramycin, gentamicin, netilmicin, and sisomicin. The complete nucleotide sequence of the novel AAC(6′) gene and its neighboring sequences were also determined. Minicell experiments detected only one protein of 24.7 kilodaltons (kDa) translated from an open reading frame of the 618 base pairs (bp) gene.     

荠菜LOS2基因的克隆与分析

利用RACE-PCR方法从荠菜(Capsella bursa-pastoris)中克隆到了新的LOS2全长基因(Cblos2)。序列分析表明,该基因的全长cDNA为1694bp,拥有一个由444个氨基酸组成的开放读码框,预测的CbLOS2蛋白包括一个烯醇酶N-端结构域、烯醇酶结构域以及与拟南芥的LOS2高度保守的DNA结合域和基因功能抑制域。生物信息学分析表明,Cblos2与LOS2极为相似。冷胁迫适应实验表明,Cblos2基因在荠菜中组成性表达,且其表达与胁迫适应过程密切相关。该研究表明Cblos2是具双重功能的植物烯醇酶基因家族的新成员。     

从重症肝炎病人血清分离的丁型肝炎病毒核酶区的克隆与序列分析

从我国一例四川丁型肝炎病毒HDVRNA,丁型肝炎抗原均阳性的重症肝炎患者的血清中,用异硫氰酸胍法提取RNA经过逆转录PCR扩增后获得一长289bp的HDVcDNA片段,将PCR产物回收后直接克隆到PCRTMⅡ质粒,挑出阳性克隆并亚克隆入M13mp19的EcoRⅠ区位点,提取单链进行序列分析,结果显示与已知的中国河南、美国、日本、秘鲁和中国台湾5株HDVcDNA相同片段比较,同源性分别为对97.2％、93％、94％、79％、96％。