Phylogenetic relationship of four new species related to southwestern Sichuan Fagopyrum based on morphological and molecular characterization

Background and aimsRecently, four wild Fagopyrum species, Fagopyrum crispatifolium J. L. Liu, Fagopyrum pugense T. Yu, Fagopyrum qiangcai D. Q. Bai and Fagopyrum wenchuanense J. R. Shao, have been identified and described based on their morphological characters. This study investigates the phylogenetic relationship, nucleotide sequence polymorphisms of internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) and the maturase K (matK) gene within four wild species related to western Sichuan buckwheat. F. wenchuanense is closely related to Fagopyrum gracilipes while F. qiangcai is closely related to Fagopyrum esculentum based on their morphological differences. However, F. wenchuanense is more closely related to Fagopyrum cymosum and F. qiangcai is closer to Fagopyrum lineare and Fagopyrum leptopodum from the viewpoint of the ITS, and matK analysis. In addition, F. gracilipes is closer to F. pugense and Fagopyrum crispatofolium than to F. qiangcai. F. wenchuanense belongs to the cymosum group, while F. qiangcai, F. pugense and F. crispatifolium are classified into the urophyllum group based on their morphological and molecular analysis. Conducting morphological and molecular studies provide a better understanding of evolutionary mechanisms and genetic relationships of cultivated and wild buckwheat in western Sichuan, China.     

头孢藻属中国新记录种

头孢藻属(Cephaleuros)是一类寄生性藻,在分类学上位于绿藻门石莼纲橘色藻目橘色藻科。国内对头孢藻属的研究多见于它对经济作物和观赏植物的危害,而分类学研究较缺乏。为了全面系统地了解中国头孢藻属的多样性,于2012-2018年先后在多个省份采集头孢藻属标本60余份,并对其进行了形态分类学研究。结果显示,头孢藻属中国新记录种有6种,分别为:寄生头孢藻(Cephaleuros parasiticus Karsten)、德鲁特头孢藻(Cephaleuros drouetii Thompson&Wujek)、肿毛头孢藻(Cephaleuros tumidae-setae Thompson&Wujek)、散生头孢藻(Cephaleuros diffusus Thompson&Wujek)、宽阔头孢藻(Cephaleuros expansa Thompson&Wujek)、亨宁头孢藻(Cephaleuros henningsii Schmidle),对6个种的形态学特征进行了详细描述,并提供了照片资料。     

10种披碱草属植物的RAPD分析及其系统学意义

利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术分析了10种披碱草属植物,即：Elymus sibiricus L.,E．caninus(L．)L¨E．lanceolatus(Scribner et Smith)Gould,E．nutans Griseb,E．dahuricus Turcz,,E．tangutorum(Nevski)Hand．-Mazz., E．brachyaristatus ALöve,E.submuticus(Keng)Keng f.,E．cylidricus(Franch)Honda和E．excelsus Turcz. 。对34个OPRON公司十聚体随机引物进行多态性筛选,25个(75．53％)能产生多态性。16个引物产生的136个DNA片断,用于计算种间Nei氏遗传相似性系数分析,在NTSYS程序中利用UPGMA构建系统发育树状图。分析结果表明：(1)四倍体和六倍体物种各自聚为一支,它们之间的亲缘关系较远;(2)E．sibiricus和E. caninus;亲缘关系较近,支持把Roegneria caninus (L．)Nevski归入Elymus;(3)E．nutans和E．dahuricus亲缘关系密切;(4)形态相似、地理分布一致的E．brachyaristatus和E．submuticus存在着一定程度的核苷酸序列的差异,它们与E．nutans和E．dahuricus有一定的亲缘关系;(5)E．excelsus 与 E．cylindricus的亲缘关系较近,它们又与E．tangutorum有亲缘关系;(6)RAPD结果与形态学和细胞学等分析结果基本一致,RAPD分析方法将为Elymus系统分类提供DNA水平上丰富的资料。     

珍珠菜属系统发育关系的初步研究

本文运用形态学性状对珍珠菜属（Lysimachia)进行系统发育分析。内类群包括珍珠菜属29个代表种以及珍珠菜族其它单种、寡种属;仙客来属（Cylclamen)被选作外类群。最简约性分析表明,珍珠菜属并不构成－自然分类群;在其严格一致化树的二岐分支中,异花珍珠菜（L.crispidens)单独构成一支,其它所有内类群构成一支。香草亚属（subgen.Idiophyton)、木黄连花亚属（subgne.Lysimachiopsis)以及珍珠菜亚属（subgen.palladia)均表现为单系群,而黄连花亚属（subgen.Lysimachia)则为一异形的并系群。球尾花亚属（subgen.Naumburgia)仍“内藏”于珍珠菜属的主体之中。而喉鳞花亚属（subgen.Seleucia)则偏离出来而与七瓣莲属（Trien talis)构成姐妹群。如何准确地界定珍珠菜属和进行属下分类群的划分,还需进一步研究。     

Insights on Using Morphologic Data for Phylogenetic Analysis in Sedges (Cyperaceae)

Sedges are often viewed as difficult subjects for morphology-based phylogenetic analysis, due to several difficulties, including finding an adequate number of characters to yield well-resolved and well-supported trees, correctly assessing homology of characters and character states, and selecting appropriate outgroups for character state polarizations. The published literature holds only 11 papers with morphology-based phylogenetic analyses of sedges. This paper reviews those studies, and presents the phylogeny of two groups of sedges: (1) Carex section Deweyanae, and (2) Carex sections Careyanae, Granulares, and Griseae. This paper also presents recommendations for using morphologic data to reconstruct sedge phylogenies, based on comparisons of the trees resulting from the present study with the previous sedge studies and with similar studies of phylogeny of other groups of flowering plants. In the two groups of Carex examined, morphology does provide sufficient characters to infer well-resolved trees, with some nodes having good to strong support at levels consistent with those found in morphology-based analyses of other groups of flowering plants. The inclusion of micromorphologic and anatomic characters substantially enhances the resolving power of macromorphologic characters in sedge analyses, and increases the support for some clades.     

A review of the subgenus Epicterodes of Arichanna (Lepidoptera,Geometridae, Ennominae), with description of one new species

The subgenus Epicterodes Wehrli, 1933 of Arichanna Moore, 1868 is reviewed. Six species are recognized, of which, A. (E). denticularia sp. nov. is described as new to science from China. One new synonym is established based on morphological and genetic similarity: A. (E.) flavomacularia Leech, 1897 (=A. (E.) perimelaina Wehrli, 1933 syn. nov.). Results of DNA barcoding for Epicterodes are briefly discussed. Diagnoses for all the species are provided and illustrations of adults, genitalia and distribution map are presented.     

拟天鹅漫游虫(新种)的形态学研究(纤毛动物门,侧口目)

自青岛近郊真鲷培育池中分离出一大型侧口目纤毛虫,经鉴定为一新种,定名为拟天鹅漫游虫。本种特征为体呈长梭形,颈部具高度伸展性,两大核一小核,左侧体区具６条不明显的纵沟;体纤毛左侧８—９列,右侧１２—１３列。对其的杀灭试验表明,在快速地掺入半数量以上的淡水后即会造成虫体溃解死亡。     

Description of the male reproductive system of Paguristes eremita (Anomura, Diogenidae) and its placement in a phylogeny of diogenid species based on spermatozoal and spermatophore ultrastructure

The male gonopores, male reproductive apparatus, spermatophore and spermatozoa of the Mediterranean hermit crab Paguristes eremita are described, using interference phase microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A correlation is made between the gonopore morphology and the different kinds of setae accompanying them, and the reproductive biology of these crabs. Each testes merges into a tubular duct made up of four zones: (1) the collecting tubule with free spermatozoa; (2) the proximal zone, where the ampulla of the spermatophores starts to be formed; (3) the medial zone, where the ampulla is completed, the stalk lengthens and the pedestal is formed; (4) the distal zone, where the mature spermatophores are stored. The sizes of the different parts of the spermatophore and of the sperm are given and their exterior morphology and ultrastructure described and compared to congeners. The morphology of the gonopore, male reproductive system, spermatophore and spermatozoa of P. eremita are species-specific, clearly distinguishing the species from the other members of the family. The available spermatozoal and spermatophore data is used to place P. eremita within a sperm phylogeny of the hermit crab family Diogenidae.     

Molecular systematics in the genus Mucor with special regards to species encountered in cheese

The genus Mucor, a member of the order Mucorales, comprises different species encountered in cheeses. Although fungi play a fundamental role in cheese manufacturing and ripening, the taxonomy of many fungal species found in cheese is poorly defined; indeed, this is the case for Mucor spp. In the present study, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships among 70 Mucor strains, including 36 cheese isolates, by using a five gene phylogenetic approach combined with morphological analyses. Overall, at least six species of Mucor were identified among the cheese isolates including a possible new taxon. The present study also suggests that the genus Mucor comprises undescribed taxa and needs to be properly defined.     

虎尾草亚科系统发育关系的初步研究

运用广义形态学性状对虎尾草亚科（Chloridoideae）进行系统发育分析。内类群包括虎尾草亚科52属的69种植物,代表虎尾草亚科的主要类群;芦竹亚科（Arundinoideae）扁芒草族（Danthonieae）的Centropodia和Danthonia被选作外类群。分支分析表明,虎尾草亚科是一个单系类群。其严格一致树包括A、B、C、D、E5个分支。两个大族画眉草族（Eragrostideae）和虎尾草族（Chlorideae）代表虎尾草亚科内部类群分化的两个方向,分开处理较合理。细穗草族（Leptureae）放到虎尾草族中较合理。冠芒草族（Pappophoreae）是虎尾草亚科的基部类群,与画眉草族近缘。我们的研究支持虎尾草亚科从旧世界向新世界扩散的地理分布假说,并提供了虎尾草亚科属上类群的系统发育关系的框架。     

A new species of Aphis Linnaeus from Guangxi,China (Hemiptera,Aphididae), based on morphological characters and DNA sequences

A new species of the genus Aphis with stridulatory apparatus, Aphis gnetuma Qiao sp. n., feeding on Gnetum parvifolium which is a new host plant record for aphids from Guangxi, China is described. The new species is distinguished by a well-developed median frontal tubercle and body bearing white wax powder in life. The taxonomic position of this new species is supported by analysis results of COI and gnd genes. A key to Aphis species with stridulatory spines on the hind tibiae of apterous viviparous females is provided. The type specimens studied are deposited in the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BBB024DA-8454-4E22-8736-66ED92A3091B.