Influence of sociality following isolation on feeding rhythms of monkeys entrained to artificial light schedules.

Socialization following a period of isolation disrupted the feeding rhythms of monkeys entrained to artificial light schedules. When isolation was reinstituted, the performances of the subjects, which had shifted during socialization, reverted to profiles similar to but not the same as they were in the initial isolation period. The strength of the social factor may have derived, in part, from the effects of the isolation which preceded the socialization phase.     

Mycoplasma penetrans infections and seroconversion in patients with AIDS: identification of major mycoplasmal antigens targeted by host antibody response

We examined Mycoplasma penetrans-specific antibodies in sera of five male homosexual AIDS patients from whom M. penetrans was isolated during the disease process. No consistent immune reaction pattern could be recognized in Western blot using whole cell proteins. Serum samples obtained prior to M. penetrans isolation reacted with a number of M. penetrans proteins, most likely due to non-specific cross-reactions. Further analysis revealed that patients produced prominent antibody reaction to lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) of M. penetrans at the time of mycoplasma isolation, which could not be observed for serum samples obtained prior to M. penetrans isolation. The positive antibody reaction was mainly directed against two major LAMPs of M. penetrans with molecular mass of 35 and 38 kDa and produced a distinctive pattern of positive immunoreaction bands. Our observation suggested that, comparing with whole mycoplasmal proteins, LAMPs were more specific target antigens in serological assays for M. penetrans infection.     

Rapid Diagnosis of Herpesvirus Hominis Infections in Superficial Lesions by Immunofluorescent Antibody Techniques

Scrapings from lesions of the skin and mucous membranes of 14 patients suspected of suffering from suspected Herpesvirus hominis infections were examined by both fluorescent antibody and routine isolation techniques. There was complete correlation between results by both methods in all 14 cases, 12 being positive. No positive fluorescence was obtained from scrapings of seven control patients with a variety of skin diseases. Thirteen patients with corneal lesions were similarly investigated. Of the 10 scrapings which showed positive fluorescence, nine were confirmed by virus isolation. It is suggested that as more antiviral agents become available the application of a fluorescent antibody technique for testing virus sensitivity in tissue culture could become a practical method.     

不同层级医疗机构消毒隔离制度执行情况调查结果分析

目的:探讨不同层级的医疗机构消毒隔离对策。方法:通过调查不同层级医疗机构消毒隔离制度执行现状,并对结果进行分析。结果:不同层级的医疗机构消毒隔离制度执行情况存在差异,消毒隔离执行工作不容乐观。结论:严格执行《医院感染管理办法》和《消毒管理办法》及《消毒技术规范》,强化医疗机构消毒隔离工作监管,保障患者就医安全。     

IgA肾病患者血液、尿液及咽拭子标本中穿通支原体的分离检出

目的探讨IgA肾病患者血液、尿液及咽拭子标本中穿通支原体（Mycoplasma penetrans,Mp）的分离检出率以及与病理型别相关性。方法采用分离培养法,共计从26例IgA肾病患者血液、尿液及咽拭子标本及38例正常对照相应标本中进行穿通支原体分离检测,对培养阳性标本用穿通支原体套式PCR进行证实。结果在11例（42．3％）患者血液与尿液或（和）咽拭子中同时分离到穿通支原体,单独尿液或咽拭子标本阳性分别为1例（3．8％）与7例（26．9％）。26例IgA肾病患者血液、尿液及咽拭子穿通支原体的分离检出率分别为42．3％、23．1％与57．7％;与38例正常对照组血液、尿液及咽拭子检出0例、2例（5．3％）与7例（18．4％）相比较,差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）,在正常对照组中无2种以上标本同时检出穿通支原体。结论穿通支原体在ISA肾病患者的血液、尿液与咽拭子标本中均有较高的检出率且与病理型别有一定的相关性。     

一种新的成年大鼠成肌细胞体外批量扩增培养方法

目的：建立快速高效的成年大鼠成肌细胞分离、体外批量扩增培养的实验方法。方法：通过混合酶一步消化法从少量成年骨骼肌样品中分离成肌细胞;采用差速贴壁筛选法纯化分离并批量扩增成肌细胞。结果：混合酶一步消化法需要的时间为2.1＋0.52h,较之于传统方法所需要的6.8＋0.67h,分离细胞所需时间显著缩短（P〈0.01）;采用差速贴壁筛选法纯化分离的成肌细胞myf5／desmin阳性率〉97％,同传统分离扩增方法相比,体外批量扩增培养的这些成肌细胞具有典型的成肌细胞生长特性,在生长液中具有更好的增殖潜能,而在分化液中分化为肌管的特性无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：通过采用新建立的成年成肌细胞分离培养和批量扩增的方法,能够快速高效地获取高纯度的成肌细胞。     

The dynamics of detecting group-A streptococci in an infectious disease clinic]

The study revealed that the isolation rate of group A streptococci in scarlet fever patients at the time of hospitalization did not exceed 68%. The isolation rate of these streptococci was greatly influenced by antibacterial therapy carried out before hospitalization. Under clinical conditions with intensive penicillin therapy group A streptococci were eliminated from the larynx on days 3-4. In 13% of children repeated streptococcal infection was observed 0.5-3 months after discharge from hospital.     

106例宫颈炎患者支原体检测及抗生素敏感性分析

目的：对本地区宫颈炎患者解脲脲原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh）进行监测,分析抗生素敏感情况,为临床诊疗提供实验依据。方法：无菌采集宫颈炎患者宫颈分泌物,用支原体培养、鉴定、药敏试剂盒进行培养和药敏试验。结果：支原体总检出率为71.70%。Uu检出率为52.83%,Uu合并Mh检出率16.04%,Mh检出率为2.83%。56例单纯Uu株体外抗生素敏感性显示：对四环素族多西环素100%、美满霉素98.21%高度敏感;对大环内酯类敏感性不一：克拉霉素96.43%,阿奇霉素91.07%,交沙霉素76.79%,红霉素67.86%,罗红霉素32.14%;对喹诺酮类如加替沙星83.93%较敏感,而对左氧氟沙星,司帕沙星敏感性差;对克林霉素和甲砜霉素不敏感;17例Uu合并Mh的抗生素敏感性为：美满霉素100%,多西环素100%,交沙霉素88.23%,加替沙星64.7%,对左氧氟沙星、司帕沙星、红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素,罗红霉素、甲砜霉素、克林霉素均不敏感。3株单纯Mh例数少未做统计。结论：宫颈炎患者中支原体检出率较高,其中单纯Uu检出率较Uu、Mh混合阳性率高,对四环素类、大环内酯类族中的多数抗生素敏感,治疗选择余地大。Uu、Mh混合敏感性抗生素种类少,应优先选择四环素类抗生素治疗。     

Isolation increases milt production in goldfish

Milt volume in goldfish is increased by female steroid and prostaglandin pheromones, by exposure to males with elevated gonadotropin levels, and by isolation from conspecifies. This study examined various aspects of the isolation effect on milt volume and serum gonadotropin II (GTH II). The latency of isolation-induced milt increase in this study (12-24 hr) was longer than the latencies to pheromone-induced milt increase in previous work (0.5-6.0 hr), was not affected by the time of day at which males were isolated, persisted for at least 72 hr in isolated males, and was terminated within 24 hr in males that were returned to groups. Isolated males maintained high milt production when separated from tank mates by a perforated barrier or when exposed to visual and odor cues from males in other tanks, suggesting that the unknown conspecific cues that maintain low milt production in groups operate at close range. Isolation appears to increase milt through a mechanism different from that mediating response to female pheromones because: (1) unlike female pheromones, which consistently increase serum GTH II, no isolation or regrouping treatment in this study affected male GTH II concentration; and (2) the effects of isolation and of exposure to the female pheromone 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta-P) are additive. Finally, males that were previously isolated or exposed to 17,20 beta-P increased milt (but not GTH II) in grouped males, suggesting that the effects of isolation and pheromone exposure can indirectly stimulate male conspecifics. Although the biological function of the isolation effect is not clear, we propose that it illustrates the effect of removal from inhibitory cues normally received from male conspecifies.     

Low-temperature recovery strategies for the isolation of bacteria from ancient permafrost sediments

Permafrost represents a unique ecosystem that has allowed the prolonged survival of certain bacterial lineages at subzero temperatures. To better understand the permafrost microbial community, it is important to identify isolation protocols that optimize the recovery of genetically diverse bacterial lineages. We have investigated the impact of different low-temperature isolation protocols on recovery of aerobic bacteria from northeast Siberian permafrost of variable geologic origin and frozen for 5000 to 3 million years. Low-nutrient media enhanced the quantitative recovery of bacteria, whereas the isolation of diverse morphotypes was maximized on rich media. Cold enrichments done directly in natural, undisturbed permafrost led not only to recovery of increased numbers of bacteria but also to isolation of genotypes not recovered by means of liquid low-temperature enrichments. On the other hand, direct plating and growth at 4°C also led to recovery of diverse genotypes, some of which were not recovered following enrichment. Strains recovered from different permafrost samples were predominantly oligotrophic and non-spore-forming but were otherwise variable from each other in terms of a number of bacteriological characteristics. Our data suggest that a combination of isolation protocols from different permafrost samples should be used to establish a culture-based survey of the different bacterial lineages in permafrost. Received: December 2, 1999 / Accepted: January 18, 2000     

Effects of a short period of isolation in adulthood on the aggressive behavior of dominant and subordinate male mice

Male ddY mice were used to investigate the effect of a short period of isolation in adulthood on aggressive behavior. The relationship between the dominance status previous to isolation and the effect of isolation was investigated. The mice were kept in isolation for 3 weeks from 9 weeks of age, during which intruder tests were conducted once a week. They the went through an encounter test, in which the mice encountered dominant or subordinate mice in a neutral space. The number of the formerly-dominant isolated mice that attacked the intruder mice decreased at first and then increased. The latency to attack also lengthened at first and then shortened. Seven former-dominants continued to show aggression throughout the intruder The number of the formerly-subordinate isolated mice that attacked the intruder mice increased linearly. But 3 former-subordinates did not show aggression through the entire experiment. After 3 weeks isolation, the number of mice that showed aggression and the amount of aggression did not differ between the former-dominants and subordinatcs. Isolation housing was concluded to differentially affect the dominant and subordinate mice during the 3 weeks of isolation. It was also concluded to differentially affect the mice of absolute dominance and relative dominance differentially. The aggressive behavior of the isolated mice appears to occur independently of site.     

Development of a nutrient medium to culture microorganisms of the genus Campylobacter

The nutrient media developed in the USSR and CSR for the isolation of campylobacteria are multi-purpose as they enable the isolation of campylobacteria not only from material derived from patients with acute intestinal infection, but also from the internal organs of healthy and diseased animals and poultry as well as from a variety of objects in the environment.     

Ecology of Micrococcus radiodurans

An ecological study of Micrococcus radiodurans indicated that microorganisms possessing the same morphological and radiation-resistance characteristics as that organism could be isolated from ground beef and from pork sausage. Further studies showed that such organisms also could be isolated from beef hides and from water from a creek adjacent to the packing plant from which the meat samples were obtained. Similar microorganisms were not isolated, however, from a limited number of samples of soil, hay, and fecal material. The use of high levels of gamma-radiation in the initial isolation procedures proved to be advantageous in inactivating most of the other microflora and facilitating the isolation of M. radiodurans. Control experiments indicated that M. radiodurans did not compete well with the microflora present in ground meat, soil, and beef hides. Preincubation before irradiation of meat and soil samples or enrichment culture techniques did not enhance the isolation of M. radiodurans. The presence of M. radiodurans in creek water suggested one possible source of this organism.     

粪便标本小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌筛检方法的比较

目的 比较分离培养法、反转录‒聚合酶链反应法对腹泻粪便中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的检测情况。方法 在2016年6月至2017年6月临床收治的腹泻患者中选取368例,均使用分离培养法、反转录‒聚合酶链反应法对其粪便中的小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌展开检验,对比分析两种方法的检验结果。结果 反转录‒聚合酶链反应法阳性率为77.17%,比分离培养法的51.09%高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;反转录‒聚合酶链反应法致病菌株检出率为83.10%,高于分离培养法的59.57%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 对腹泻患者粪便标本中的小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌检测时,相较于分离培养法,反转录‒聚合酶链反应法阳性检出率更高,可使小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌性腹泻诊断准确率提升。     

A comparison of two methods and different media for isolatingFrankia from Casuarina root nodules

Four species of Casuarina were raised in the glasshouse and inoculated with nodules collected from nine different geographical areas within Australia. Isolations ofFrankia were attempted from 10 of the Casuarina-Frankia nodule combinations using two methods, a nodule dissection and a filtration method. With both techniquesFrankia isolates were obtained from four of the 10Frankia sources. Spores were not observed in sections of nodules from the four sources from whichFrankia was isolated, whereas spores were observed in the remaining six nodule sources. For selected nodule sources a range of isolation media were tried, but no improvement in the isolation success rate was achieved. The effect of host species on ease of isolation was studied. The results obtained suggested it was theFrankia strain and not the host plant species which determined the ease of isolation from Casuarina nodules.     

Cancer-related urinary proteinase inhibitor, EDC1: a new method for its isolation and evidence for multiple forms.

During the past several years, numerous laboratories have reported isolation and purification of proteinase inhibitors from human urine. Many of these molecules were incompletely characterized and some of them may have been artifacts in part because of harsh procedures used for their isolation. Consequently, there is disagreement and confusion regarding the biochemical characteristics of these inhibitors. We previously reported the isolation of a proteinase inhibitor, EDC1, from the urine of a leukemic patient. This molecule, M(r) 30 kDa, was antigenically related to plasma inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IATI) and inhibited the growth of a virally transformed B cell line. Immunoreactive EDC1 was also the major component of low molecular weight proteinuria observed in cancer patients. We now report a new method for the isolation of EDC1 from urine of patients with adenocarcinomas of colon and lung and melanoma and compare its partial amino acid sequence with that of HI 30, a proteinase inhibitor previously isolated from pooled normal urine by Hochstrasser et al. [Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 357:153-162, 1976]. Our method involves i) a batchwise cation exchange, ii) gel filtration chromatography, iii) anion exchange chromatography on FPLC, and iv) reverse phase C18 chromatography on HPLC. This method is mild and results in an overall yield of 0.4 to 1.2 mg of EDC1/liter urine. On the basis of the partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of its N terminal (38 residues) and middle regions (29 residues), EDC1 appears to be identical with HI30. Surprisingly, during this isolation procedure, another proteinase inhibitor, M(r) 22 kDa, which cross-reacted with antisera to EDC1 and IATI, was also isolated. The 22 kDa molecule was a major component of the IATI related urinary molecules and was identical with the 30 kDa EDC1 in which first the 15 N terminal residues were clipped. The lower M(r) inhibitor was not an artifact formed during storage or isolation procedure because the Western blot analysis of fresh cancer and normal urine revealed the 30 and 22 kDa molecules. Thus, both the 30 kDa EDC1 (or HI30) and its clipped variant, the 22 kDa molecule, are physiologic components of IATI related urinary proteinase inhibitors and excretion of both forms may be increased in patients with advanced cancer.     

Growth of the fungal pathogen Candida in parotid saliva of patients with burning mouth syndrome

Subclinical Candida infection has been suggested as one of the aetiological factors in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). In order to investigate the possible factors which contribute to the relatively high isolation rate of Candida in BMS, parotid saliva samples (20 in toto) from patients with this condition were collected and the growth of Candida in each sample dynamically observed using a computerized turbidometric assay system. A total of thirteen parotid saliva samples obtained from healthy individuals served as normal controls. The results showed no significant growth differential within the test and control saliva samples, when a single isolate each of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were cultured for 24 h, at 37 degrees C. A single isolate of Candida glabrata tended to grow better in the saliva from BMS patients than the controls. These results indicate that the composition of saliva may be a contributory factor for the high isolation rate of Candida in saliva of BMS patients.     

Are Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles insoluble polymers?

The two methods currently available for the bulk isolation of Alzheimer tangles of paired helical filaments (PHF) are based on a brief treatment of a neuronal-enriched preparation with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (Method I) and on heating of whole brain homogenate with SDS and beta-mercaptoethanol (Method II). PHF were isolated from the same Alzheimer brain by these two methods, subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immuno-labelled with monoclonal antibodies to PHF after transferring from the gel to nitrocellulose paper. The PHF isolated by method I revealed the presence of 45 kilodalton to 62 kilodalton PHF polypeptides, whereas the PHF isolated by method II were excluded from the gel. However, PHF isolated by both methods were digested with proteinase-K, though the degradation of PHF of method I was considerably more rapid than that of PHF isolated by method II. These findings should establish that the solubility of PHF might depend on the methods employed for their isolation and that they might not be insoluble polymers of covalently crosslinked polypeptides which accumulate irreversibly in the brain of patients with Alzheimer disease.     

Stress and Age Related Spots with Immunoreactivity to Ubiquitin-Antibody at Protoplast Surfaces

Mesophyll protoplasts from primary leaves of 2, 3, and 4 weekold Viciafaba L. plants and from not expanded leaves of 2 weekold plants were incubated with rabbit anti-ubiquitin antibodyand FITC labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG. Dependent on age of theplant material, an increase in size and number of immunoreactivespots at protoplast surfaces were observed, when incubationswere performed after 16 h storage to allow protoplast to recover.A relationship between isolation stress and the intensity ofimmunolabeling was demonstrated for protoplasts from not expandedleaves. Furthermore, the surface of isolation stressed protoplastsshowed an increasing number of immunoreactive spots when plantswere previously exposed to water deficiency conditions for 1,2 or 4 days. Water deficiency conditions and isolation stressare therefore thought to induce ubiquitination of surface locatedproteins. A phenomenon, which seemed to be normally correlatedwith early events of senescence. (Received October 28, 1993; Accepted February 21, 1994)