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1.
Introduction
Different variants of haplotype frequencies may lead to various frequencies of the same variants in individuals with drug resistance and disease susceptibility at the population level.Materials and methods
In this study, the haplotype frequencies of 4 STR loci including the D8S1132, D8S1779, D8S514 and D8S1743, and 3 STR loci including D11S1304, D11S1998 and D11S934 were investigated in 563 individuals of four Iranian ethnic groups in the capital city of Iran, Tehran. One hundred thirty subjects had the metabolic syndrome. Haplotype frequencies of all markers were calculated.Results
There were significant differences in the haplotype frequencies in short and long alleles between the metabolic affected subjects and controls. In addition, haplotype frequencies were significant in the four ethnic groups in both chromosomes 8 and 11.Conclusion
Our findings show a relation between the short allele of D8S1743 in all related haplotype frequencies of subjects with metabolic syndrome. These findings may require more studies of some candidate genes, including the lipoprotein lipase gene, in this chromosomal region. 相似文献2.
Héctor Molina Meenakshisundaram Ananthanarayanan Juan Francisco Miquel 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》2008,1778(5):1283-1291
Background
The relevance of discrete localization of hepatobiliary transporters in specific membrane microdomains is not well known.Aim
To determine whether the Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp), the main hepatic sinusoidal bile salt transporter, is localized in specific membrane microdomains.Methods
Presence of Ntcp in membrane rafts obtained from mouse liver was studied by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. HEK-293 cells stably transfected with rat Ntcp were used for in vitro studies. Expression, localization and function of Ntcp in these cells were assessed by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and biotinylation studies and Na+-dependent taurocholate uptake assays, respectively. The effect of cholesterol depletion/repletion assays on Ntcp function was also investigated.Results
Ntcp localized primarily to membrane rafts in in vivo studies and localized partially in membrane rafts in transfected HEK-293 cells. In these cells, membrane cholesterol depletion resulted in a shift of Ntcp localization into non-membrane rafts, which correlated with a 2.5-fold increase in taurocholate transport. Cholesterol repletion shifted back part of Ntcp into membrane rafts, and normalized taurocholate transport to values similar to control cells.Conclusion
Ntcp localizes in membrane rafts and its localization and function are regulated by membrane cholesterol content. This may serve as a novel regulatory mechanism of bile salt transport in liver. 相似文献3.
Raul CondeValéria S.C. Corrêa Fabio Carmona Silvia H.T. ContiniAna M.S. Pereira 《Phytomedicine》2011,18(14):1197-1201
Background
There is no universally accepted and effective prophylaxis of migraine headache episodes. Thus we aimed to investigate the effects of Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown, an herb with many effects on central nervous system, on pain frequency and intensity of migraine patients.Methods
Patients were enrolled in a prospective, phase 2, non-controlled cohort study to orally receive hydro-alcoholic extract of L. alba leaves. Headache intensity and frequency of episodes were recorded before and after 30-60 days of treatment. We also studied the chemical composition of its essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results
We described for the first time a particular L. alba chemotype with geranial and carvenone as major compounds. With treatment, both frequency and intensity of pain episodes significantly decreased from baseline to first reassessment date. More than 80% of patients experienced a minimum 50% reduction on pain intensity and frequency. No side effects were reported.Conclusions
Treatment with a geranial plus carvenone chemotype of L. alba hydro-alcoholic extract is a cheap, widely available, highly effective therapy to reduce both the intensity and the frequency of headache episodes of migraine patients with no side effects. 相似文献4.
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C. Nagant 《Journal of microbiological methods》2010,82(3):243-248
Aims
The purpose of this work was to study the initial steps of formation of a biofilm using the BioFilm Ring Test® and the Crystal violet staining technique.Methods and results
Eight strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied. The two methods revealed that four strains formed a rapid biofilm. The biofilm formed by these strains was detected after only 45 min with the BioFilm Ring Test® and after 6 h with the Crystal violet method. The enumeration of bacteria of the PA01 strain confirmed that, after 30 min, a significant amount of bacteria had attached on the bottom of the culture wells. After 48 h the Crystal violet method detected a biofilm with all strains. The four strains which rapidly formed a biofilm did not differ from the slow-forming strains by their mucoid character or their swarming motility or their synthesis of rhamnose. They showed higher swimming mobility.Conclusions
Our results show that the BioFilm Ring Test® is a method specially suited for the study of the initial phase of the formation of a biofilm.Significance and impact of study
The BioFilm Ring Test® is an easy and rapid alternative to the Crystal violet staining and the enumeration methods. 相似文献7.
Purpose
This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong, a traditional Chinese medicine, on diabetic nephropathy in a rat model, and to explore the possible mechanism involved in a protective function.Materials
Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of 70 mg/kg of streptozotocin. One week later, 200 mg/kg/day of tetramethylpyrazine was administered intragastric gavage daily for 8 weeks. Renal functions and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor were examined at 4 and 8 weeks after tetramethylpyrazine administration.Results
Blood glucose and renal function were significantly improved in the tetramethylpyrazine-treated group compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Diabetic nephropathy resulted in an increase in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, while tetramethylpyrazine administration greatly decreased the expression.Conclusions
Our results suggest that administration of tetramethylpyrazine may reduce kidney damage caused by diabetes. This protective effect may be mediated, in part, by downregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the kidney. 相似文献8.
G.N. TekeJ-R. Kuiate V. KuetéR.B. Teponno L.A. TapondjouP. Tane G. GiacintiG. Vilarem 《South African Journal of Botany》2011,77(2):319-327
Aim
This study describes the activity-guided isolation of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents from Trilepisium madagascariense stem bark.Methods
The methanol crude extract of T. madagascariense was partitioned sequentially into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and the residual aqueous fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to column chromatography and the structures of isolated compounds were elucidated using GC-MS and/or NMR data by comparing with those reported in the literature. Antimicrobial activity was assayed by agar well diffusion and broth microdilution techniques on 8 bacteria and 10 yeasts. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging method.Results
The bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude methanol extract of T. madagascariense afforded two known compounds [vanillic acid () and isoliquiritigenin ()] and two mixtures of fatty acids (n-hexane fraction and first column fraction of ethyl acetate fraction, F1). The fractionation of the crude methanol extract enhanced the antimicrobial activity. Compound 2 was generally more active than compound 1. For all the tested samples, the most sensitive microbes were Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 10541 (MIC range of 60-780 μg/ml) for bacteria and Candida guillermondi (MIC range of 0.01-190 μg/ml) for yeasts. The DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSa) of compound 2 (RSa50 = 28.73 μg/ml) was comparable to that of the crude methanol extract (RSa50 = 29.92 μg/ml).Conclusion
The antimicrobial activities and the antioxidant properties of the methanol crude extract, fractions and compounds 1 and 2 from the stem bark of T. madagascariense are being reported for the first time. These results may justify the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 相似文献9.
Introduction
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease, caused by mutations in the FMF gene MEFV (MEditerranean FeVer). It has a large phenotypic diversity even in patients with similar genotypes. Despite evidence that environmental factors (EFs) and genetic factors, including MEFV mutations (such as M694V, E148Q) and background modifier genes (MGs), affect the clinical manifestations of FMF, the relative contribution of each remains unknown.Methods
To investigate the relative contribution of environmental and genetic factors to the phenotype of FMF, we compared the intra-pair clinical concordance of 10 mono and 7 dizygotic twins with FMF. The part played by EFs was determined by the phenotypic discordance of the monozygous twins, and the MGs effect was determined by deducing the environmental effect, computed for MZ twins, from the phenotypic discordance of the dizygous twins.Results
The mean ± SD of intra-pair concordance was higher in the MZ than in DZ twin group (88.1 ± 13.2 vs. 70.7 ± 14.1 respectively, P value < 0.05). Based on the concordance in clinical manifestations in MZ and DZ twins, the environmental effect on the phenotype of FMF is estimated as 11.9% ± 6.6% and the MGs effect as 17.4% ± 15.5% in average.Conclusions
In FMF the phenotype is affected by MEFV mutations, MGs and EFs in an estimated ratio of about 6:1.5:1 respectively. 相似文献10.
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P. Lenfant L. RavasiG. Petyt R. LeboucS. Henry A. PallardyM. Genty G. PetytC. Foucher F. PasquierF. Semah F. Lejeune 《Médecine Nucléaire》2011,35(3):136-145
Introduction
In younger patients, the in vivo clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of the frontotemporal type (FTD) may be cumbersome. The gold standard diagnostic proof is currently still based upon pathology examination. It is crucial to find reliable techniques to make an accurate in vivo diagnosis and to differentiate the etiology of the dementia.Patients and method
Twenty-four patients bearing clinically diagnosed AD (n = 16) and FTD (n = 8) underwent [18F] FDG-PET/CT brain scan. Four nuclear medicine physicians with varying expertise in neuroimaging read each scan according to: visual analysis; automated analysis computed by BRASS® Hermes® software; automated analysis computed by Cortex ID® General Electric® software. Interpretation aimed at assessing the global scan aspect, the cerebral metabolism per hemisphere (in five relevant regions) and the diagnostic degree of confidence. Diagnostic interpretations derived from visual and automated analyses were compared to clinical diagnosis. Inter-observer agreement and Kappa scores were calculated.Results
Kappa analyses showed a gain in diagnostic accuracy for a nonexpert physician, a gain in diagnostic confidence with Cortex ID® and a gain in interobserver diagnostic agreement with BRASS®.Conclusion
Using automated software such as Cortex ID® or BRASS® helps standardizing the interpretation of [18F] FDG distribution pattern in AD or FTD. 相似文献12.
Jia-feng Wang Man-li Yu Guang Yu Jin-jun Bian Xiao-jian Wan 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2010,394(1):184-188
Objective
Current biomarkers cannot completely distinguish sepsis from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by other non-infectious diseases. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for several diseases, but their correlation with sepsis is not totally clarified.Methods
Seven miRNAs related to inflammation or infection were included in the present study. Serum miRNA expression was investigated in 50 patients diagnosed with sepsis, 30 patients with SIRS and 20 healthy controls to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value. Expression levels of serum miRNAs were determined by quantitative PCR using the Qiagen miScript system. Serum CRP and IL-6 levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results
Serum miR-146a and miR-223 were significantly reduced in septic patients compared with SIRS patients and healthy controls. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of miR-146a, miR-223 and IL-6 were 0.858, 0.804 and 0.785, respectively.Conclusion
Serum miR-146a and miR-223 might serve as new biomarkers for sepsis with high specificity and sensitivity. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00862290.) 相似文献13.
Background
It is well-known that tumor exerts nonmetastatic systemic effect on organism caused the development of paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS). Recent findings point to relationships between development of PNS and tumor-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Aim
Comparative study of PNS manifestations in mice with transplanted two variants of Lewis lung carcinoma with different angiogenic potential.Methods
Plasma VEGF level was determined by immunoenzyme method, hematological indices were estimated with the use of hematological analyzer, the weight and cellularity of spleen and thymus were registered and histological analysis of tissue section of these organs was performed.Results
Manifestations of anemia, extramedullary hemopoiesis and tumor-associated inflammatory disease was observed in animals with high angiogenic LLC/R9 variant and was not registered in low angiogenic LLC. The emergence of PNS symptoms correlated with elevated level of circulating VEGF at the early stages of LLC/R9 growth.Conclusion
Manifestation of the paraneoplastic hematological syndrome most likely is conditioned on the ability of cancer cell to secrete VEGF in a high rate. 相似文献14.
P.-Y. Le Roux A. Delluc R. Abgral A. ReffadJ.-C. Cornily S. Querellou F. Couturaud G. Le Gal P.-Y. Salaun 《Médecine Nucléaire》2011,35(4):179-185
Purpose
Association of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and inflammation reported in the literature may allow the use of FDG PET/CT in the detection of thrombotic process. Published studies remain limited and contradictory. The aim was, therefore, to evaluate the performance of FDG PET/CT for the detection of VTE.Patients and methods
Patients included in a prospective study evaluating FDG PET/CT for the detection of malignancy in patients with idiopathic VTE were analysed (MVTEP, PHRC 2008). PET/CT images were interpreted initially without and then retrospectively with knowledge of VTE locations.Results
Hundred and fourteen patients were included in MVTEP study from March 13th 2009 to July 1st 2010. Forty-six patients (median age: 74 years [20-87], 27 males, 19 females) were analysed. No abnormal uptake was initially reported in pulmonary vessels. The retrospective analysis of pulmonary embolism locations did not demonstrate any significant difference in FDG uptake between embolic sites and controlateral vessels (P = 0.883). Initial analysis of lower limbs vessels demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) diagnosis of 15 and 99%. The metabolic activity of DVT was significantly higher than the activity of controlateral vessels (P < 0.005) but without showing any significant SUV threshold for DVT diagnosis.Conclusion
In conclusion, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that FDG PET/CT could be accurate in detection of VTE. These results need to be completed in a larger study with shorter delay between VTE and FDG PET/CT. 相似文献15.
Changes in iron-regulatory gene expression occur in human cell culture models of Parkinson's disease
Carroll CB Zeissler ML Chadborn N Gibson K Williams G Zajicek JP Morrison KE Hanemann CO 《Neurochemistry international》2011,59(1):73-80
Background
Neuronal iron accumulation is thought to be relevant to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), although the mechanism remains elusive. We hypothesized that neuronal iron uptake may be stimulated by functional mitochondrial iron deficiency.Objective
To determine firstly whether the mitochondrial toxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+), results in upregulation of iron-import proteins and transporters of iron into the mitochondria, and secondly whether similar changes in expression are induced by toxins with different mechanisms of action.Methods
We used quantitative PCR and Western blotting to investigate expression of the iron importers, divalent metal transporter, transferrin receptor 1 and 2 (TfR1 and TfR2) and mitoferrin-2 and the iron exporter ferroportin in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells exposed to three different toxins relevant to PD, MPP+, paraquat (a free radical generator) and lactacystin (an inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)).Results
MPP+ resulted in increased mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in cellular iron import and transport into the mitochondria. Similar changes occurred following exposure to paraquat, another inducer of oxidative stress. Lactacystin also resulted in increased TfR1 mRNA levels, although the other changes were not found.Conclusion
Our results support the hypothesis of a functional mitochondrial iron deficit driving neuronal iron uptake but also suggest that differences exist in neuronal iron handling induced by different toxins. 相似文献16.
Gupta V Gupta A Jafar T Gupta V Agrawal S Srivastava N Kumar S Singh AK Natu SM Agarwal CG Agarwal GG 《Cytokine》2012,57(1):32-36
Background
Tumour necrosis factor alpha is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and obesity. Aim of this study is to investigate in a North Indian female population the impact of the G-308A TNF-α variant on various components of the metabolic syndrome, Insulin Resistance, serum TNF-α and Leptin levels.Methods
The G-308A TNF-α polymorphism has been studied in 269 females with metabolic syndrome (NCEP ATP III criteria) (age 31.91 ± 6.05) and 272 healthy females without metabolic syndrome (age 30.96 ± 7.01). The G-308A variant was detected by PCR amplification and Nco-1 digestion.Results
Homozygous mutant genotype (AA) (p = <0.001: OR = 3.24: 95% CI = 2.15-4.89) and mutant allele (A) (p = <0.001: OR = 3.04: 95% CI = 2.08-4.43) of TNF-α was significantly less frequently observed in the control population as compared to study group. Furthermore, on dividing the subjects into two groups according to the absence (TNF-1 allele) or presence of the mutant A (TNF-2) allele, significant results were obtained in most of the metabolic risk factors.Conclusions
Our results suggest that the G-308A polymorphism of the TNF-α gene may be independently associated with hypertension, leptin level and hypercholesterolemia leading to metabolic syndrome independent of Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. 相似文献17.
Introduction
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is expressed in the normal human adrenal gland, however, no study has been performed to evaluate the separate expression of α- and β-isoforms (GRα and GRβ) in normal human adrenals and in adrenocortical adenomas.Experimental
GRα and GRβ mRNA expression was examined by quantitative real-time PCR in 31 adrenal tissues including 19 non-functioning adenomas (NFA), 6 cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA) and 6 normal adrenocortical tissues. In addition, the presence and cellular localization of GRα and GRβ proteins in adrenal tissues were studied by immunohistochemistry.Results
Compared to normal adrenocortical tissues, both GRα and GRβ mRNAs were significantly increased in CPA but not in NFA. Using anti-GRα antibody a strong nuclear staining was observed in NFA and CPA, and a less remarkable immunoreactivity was detected in some nuclei of normal adrenocortical cells. GRβ immunostaining was absent in normal adrenal tissues and NFA, while a strong cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreaction was found in CPA.Conclusions
Altered expression of GRα and GRβ in CPA raises their possible role in the pathophysiology of these adrenal tumors, although further studies are needed to elucidate the potential significance of these findings. 相似文献18.
Jesús Fortuño Godes Jordi Romea ViñetsMyriam Guerra Balic Gregorio Sainz PardoJosep Queralt Zueras 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2011,46(3):147
Introduction
This pre-experimental study analyses the Functional Capacity (FC), Body Mass Index (BMI), Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Health Capital Stock (HCS) of elderly people participating in a Walking program in Granollers (Barcelona).Material and methods
One hundred and seventy-three participants were invited to participate. One hundred and one of them were users of the Municipal Program for Elderly People, and 72 received information by the communication media. One hundred and thirty-one (76.3%) of the participants completed the Program.The intervention consisted of a 6-month program, supervised by a specialist instructor once a week and controlled daily by a pedometer.The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was analysed for the FC, and the EuroQoL for the HRQoL. The preferences derived from the EuroQoL scores and the Life Expectancy were used to calculate the FC. The monetary data were obtained using a fixed value.Results
An increase in the average number of steps was observed after the program, especially in men. The results also showed a decrease in the BMI. The participants showed a improvement in overall health perception at the end of the program. The HCS scores confirmed the improvement in the HRQoL in men.Conclusions
The Program was positive for increasing the number of steps and improving physical condition and health. The usefulness of the pedometer as a motivational tool of physical exercise is discussed. 相似文献19.
Dendana M Hizem S Magddoud K Messaoudi S Zammiti W Nouira M Almawi WY Mahjoub T 《Gene》2012,495(1):72-75
Background
To investigate possible associations of P-selectin polymorphisms with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).Methods
Study subjects comprised 270 consecutive RPL cases attending outpatient maternity services, and 322 multi-parous control women. P-selectin genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP and PCR-ASA methods.Results
The P-selectin variants rs1800807, rs1800805, and rs6127, were in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, and low linkage disequilibrium was noted between the three studied SNPs. The frequency of rs6127 A allele (P < 0.001I), but not rs1800807 C allele (P = 0.957) or rs1800805 A allele (P = 0.760), was higher in RPL cases than in control women. Significant differences in the distribution of rs6127 (P < 0.001), but not rs1800807 (P = 0.444) or rs1800805 (P = 0.391) genotypes were seen between cases and controls, and only rs6127 showed a significant association with RPL, with increments of 2.65 and 4.96 in disease risk seen for heterozygous and homozygous carriers, respectively. Among the 8 three-locus Pselectin haplotypes constructed (rs1800807/rs1800805/rs6127), increased frequency of GGG (Pc = 0.0249), CGG (Pc = 0.0256), and CAG (Pc = 0.0174) haplotypes, and lower frequency of CGA haplotype (Pc = 0.0091) were seen in RPL cases, thus conferring disease susceptibility and protective nature to these haplotypes, respectively.Conclusions
P-selectin gene polymorphisms and haplotypes contribute to RPL development. 相似文献20.