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1.
Female spawning strategy in Rhinogobius sp. OR: how do females deposit their eggs in the nest? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We tried to elucidate how females of a paternal nest brooding goby Rhinogohius sp. OR deposit their eggs in a nest, using a marking technique for live eggs under laboratory conditions in which male somatic
condition, nest space, and mating pattern (monogamous or bigamous) were controlled. Whether females rejected mating was independent
of either male quality, such as body size and somatic condition, or nest space. In a situation in which two females were allowed
to spawn sequentially with a male, however, females rejected mating at a higher rate when they were the first to spawn than
when they were the second to spawn; this is because eggs from first females were more vulnerable to cannibalism by parental
males and second females. Even when nest space was limited and thus was occupied by eggs from the first females, second females
could deposit all their eggs in the nest by using the minute interspace of existing eggs. In the presence of the parental
male, such a female seemed less likely to suffer a cost from increased egg mortality due to crowdedness, still holding the
advantage of being the second spawner. Finally, we extrapolated the field breeding ecology of this fish from the laboratory
data. It was suggested that a single monolayer brood of the same age usually consisted of eggs from multiple females and thus
the mating pattern would be more polygynous than previously expected.
Received: March 6, 2002 / Revised: July 11, 2002 / Accepted: August 14, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" Present address: Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
(e-mail: nokuda@sci.ehime-u.ac.jp)
Acknowledgments I am grateful to S. Sone and D. Takahashi for giving us useful information and to M. Inoue and H. Miyatake for their field
assistance. This study was financially supported by Research Fellowships of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
for Young Scientists.
Correspondence to:Noboru Okuda 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
Yuko Tsuhako Atsushi Ishimatsu Tatsusuke Takeda Khoo Khay Huat Katsunori Tachihara 《Ichthyological Research》2003,50(2):178-181
Eggs of the giant mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri were collected from a burrow in Penang, Malaysia, in November 1998, and hatched larvae were reared in the laboratory. The
eggs were demersal with adhesive filaments and elliptical in shape (0.83–1.43 mm in long-axis diameter). Newly hatched larvae
(2.1–2.6 mm in notochord length) possessed a yolk sac. The number of myomeres was 10 + 17 = 27. The mouth and anus were already
opened. The larvae started feeding one day after hatching and completely absorbed the yolk by the third day at a water temperature
of 24.5–28.0°C.
Received: April 9, 2002 / Revised: October 25, 2002 / Accepted: December 10, 2002 相似文献
5.
6.
The spawning season, spawning grounds, and migration of the myctophid fish Diaphus theta were studied in the western North Pacific, based on seasonal sampling and estimation of hatching dates. The peak abundance
of larvae was observed in July in the transition waters between the Oyashio and Kuroshio fronts. The spawning season ranged
from late March to early September, with a peak from May to July. Larvae and juveniles <40 mm in standard length were distributed
in the transition waters, whereas larger individuals were collected in the Oyashio and the Western Subarctic waters. These
results indicate that this species undergoes a horizontal spawning migration from the Oyashio and Western Subarctic waters
into the transition waters crossing the Oyashio front.
Received: July 11, 2002 / Revised: October 2, 2002 / Accepted: October 15, 2002
Acknowledgments We are grateful to the captains, officers, and crew of FRV Hokko-Maru, FRV Tankai-Maru, and RV Hakuho-Maru for their assistance at sea. We thank Dr. H. Saito and Mr. H. Kasai for their cooperation in field sampling, and Dr. C. Sassa
for his assistance with larval fish taxonomy.
Correspondence to:Masatoshi Moku 相似文献
7.
Youichi Tsukamoto 《Ichthyological Research》2002,49(3):267-269
Pterothrissus
gissu is a rare albulid fish that is distributed in deep water off Japan. This fish is known to pass through a leptocephalus larval
stage, but only metamorphosed (after reaching the fully grown stage) specimens have been available. In this study, the premetamorphosis
(before fully grown stage) leptocephalus larva of P. gissu is first described from 45 specimens (117.2–194.5 mm SL) collected by a pelagic otter trawl in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition
region of the western North Pacific in May 1995. Premetamorphosis leptocephalus larvae are characterized by having poorly
developed fin rays except for the caudal fin, a translucent body, branched melanophores beneath the eye, and punctuate melanophores
on the dorsal edge of the gut from the throat to the anus. Previously fully grown leptocephali were estimated to reach about
130 mm SL based on the size distributions of metamorphosing specimens. However, the present specimens show that fully grown
leptocephali of P. gissu exceed 180 mm SL.
Received: March 21, 2001 / Revised: March 19, 2002 / Accepted: April 15, 2002 相似文献
8.
《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2013,88(4):280-287
AbstractMost natural and synthetic dyes currently used for microbial fluorescent staining are toxic or carcinogenic and are harmful to animals, humans and the environment. A food dye for microbial staining, brilliant blue FCF, was used as an alternative to lactofuchsin and lactophenol blue. Brilliant blue FCF shows pronounced microbial cell fluorescence staining of an array of pathogenic/toxigenic (Fusarium granunearum 3- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotypes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7) and beneficial fungi and bacteria (Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis). Brilliant blue FCF has no toxic effects on the microbes tested and is inexpensive. 相似文献
9.
Lyubov A. Shakina Vladimir N. Pasiuga Olexandr M. Dumin Yuriy G. Shckorbatov 《Central European Journal of Biology》2011,6(4):524-530
The influence of electromagnetic field exposure on puffing pattern of salivary gland polythene chromosomes, viability and
fertility of Drosophila melanogaster of the wild type Canton-S line was studied. Experimental conditions: Electromagnetic field characteristics: frequency — 36.64 GHz, power density — 0.4 W/m2, exposure time −10 seconds. Electromagnetic field exposure was conducted on the egg stage. Results: in larvae developed from the exposed eggs 3 of 8 chromosomal puffs tested (71CE, 82EF, and 83E) had significantly smaller
dimensions than these in control at the prepupal stage. Viability of Drosophila estimated by the number of adult flies hatched from exposed eggs decreased, while the number of dominant lethal mutations
increased. Conclusion: the exposure to a low-level microwave irradiation suppressed puffing activity at ecdysone-inducible loci of Drosophila polythene chromosomes, increased frequency of dominant lethal mutations and decreased Drosophila viability but did not influence Drosophila fertility. 相似文献
10.
A pelagic juvenile (43.0 mm standard length) of the deep-sea gadiform fish Halargyreus johnsonii was collected by a larva net towed at depths from 200 m to 90 m at Suruga Bay, Japan. The specimen had an elongate body,
eyes located dorsally on the head, a depressed anal fin, small bony tubercles on the lower jaw symphysis, elongate pelvic
fin rays, and a pointed caudal fin. The body was silver with numerous small black spots. The gut was filled with a copepod,
Pareuchaeta russelli, that is characterized by a surface to mesopelagic distribution.
Received: May 30, 2002 / Revised: December 16, 2002 / Accepted: December 24, 2002 相似文献
11.
A new acropomatid fish, Acropoma
argentistigma, is described on the basis of six specimens (59.0–107.5 mm in standard length) from the Andaman Sea, off southern Thailand
(Phuket Island). The new species is distinguished from all other congeners by the combination of the following characters:
a short U-shaped luminous gland, 16–18 gill rakers, anus situated about midway along depressed pelvic fin, proximal radial
of first anal fin pterygiophore with a trough, a single row of well-developed conical teeth on the lower jaw, and head length
40.0–41.1% of standard length.
Received: April 17, 2001 / Revised: April 15, 2002 / Accepted: May 7, 2002 相似文献
12.
长江口水域夏季鱼卵和仔稚鱼年间变化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
基于2005年、2008年、2009年和2011年8月(夏季)在长江口水域(30°30'—31°45'N,121°15'—123°10'E)4个航次的浮游生物拖网资料,分析了长江口水域鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布特征及其年间变化。结果表明:4个航次采集的鱼卵和仔稚鱼鉴定到种的种类有17种,隶属于8目13科,以鲈形目种类最多,11种,其次是鲱形目,5种,其他各目种类均小于5种;种类数存在明显年间差异,2005年种类数最多(鱼卵3种,仔稚鱼8种),其次是2009年和2011年,2008年种类数最少(鱼卵1种,仔稚鱼5种)。优势种年间更替明显,长蛇鲻(Saurida elongata)、虾虎鱼(Gobiidae spp.)和中华小公鱼(Stolephorus chinensis)在2005年是优势种,2008年优势种为鳀鱼(Engraulis japonicus),2009年优势种为鳀鱼、寡鳞飘鱼(Pseudolaubuca engraulis)、虾虎鱼等,2011年虾虎鱼和小公鱼(包括小公鱼属未定种Stolephorus spp.和中华小公鱼Stolephorus chinensis)成为优势种。2005年鱼卵和仔稚鱼数量分布的密集区在嵊泗列岛附近水域,2008年鱼卵和仔稚鱼出现较少,未出现明显的数量密集区;2009年鱼卵数量较少,仔稚鱼数量较多,密集区主要分布在在长江口以外123°E附近水域;2011年鱼卵主要分布在在长江北支口门外附近水域,仔稚鱼在调查区内分布相对均匀。 相似文献
13.
Specimens of the Cottus pollux species' group collected from the upper part of the Honmyo River, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, were subjected to morphological
and allozyme analyses to place them into one of the recognized valid taxa, viz. small-egg type (SE type), middle-egg type
(ME type), or large-egg type (LE type). They were identified as ME type on the basis of specific morphological characteristics,
such as laterally depressed cross-sectional shape at posterior half of the body and deep caudal peduncle, and by having a
diagnostic allozyme allele (MEP
*
54). This ME-type population is the first recorded from Kyushu Island, Japan. An ecological survey of the population revealed
that females spawned larger eggs (2.8–3.2 mm in diameter) than those of other amphidromous populations, from which well-developed
yolk-sac larvae of about 8.0 mm TL were hatched out. In addition, ME-type specimens collected on 25 and 26 May 2001 included
15 sex-unknown juveniles ranging from 18.8 to 30.2 mm SL, suggesting that they represented larvae hatched out on a nearby
spawning ground, with no experience of downstream migration into Isahaya Bay. This observation strongly suggests that the
ME-type population in the Honmyo River has a fluvial lifestyle, being different from other amphidromous populations. The former
population may have arisen from an amphidromous ancestor through changes in egg size and early ontogenetic development.
Received: February 25, 2002 / Revised: May 21, 2002 / Accepted: June 17, 2002
Acknowledgments We thank Professor M. Azuma, Nagasaki University, for his kind guidance of our field survey in the Honmyo River and Dr. G.S.
Hardy, Thames, New Zealand, for correcting the English. Thanks are also offered to Mrs. Y. Miyajima and Y. Masaoka, Kyushu
Branch of Construction and Technology Institute Co., for their helpful cooperation in the field survey. Drs. H. Sakai, National
Fisheries University and Y. Yamazaki, Toyama University, and Mrs. N. Okabe and Y. Suzuki of Yamagata Prefecture are thanked
for their help in sample collection. This work was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid (No. 13660171) from the Japan Ministry
of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to A. Goto.
Correspondence to:Akira Goto 相似文献
14.
The initiation of sperm motility in a noncopulatory marine cottid fish, Gymnocanthus
herzensteini, was examined. The spermatozoa, which were immotile in seminal plasma, initiated motility at osmolalities of more than 500 mOsm kg−1 in NaCl solution and 400 mOsm kg−1 in KCl and mannitol solutions, indicating that the initiation of sperm motility depends on changes in external osmolality,
in contrast with that of the sperm of other marine cottid fish, which are motile in seminal plasma. This study revealed that
there are plural manner of initiation of sperm motility in marine cottid fish, which are oviparous but include both copulatory
and noncopulatory modes.
Received: May 24, 2001 / Revised: December 19, 2001 / Accepted: January 8, 2002 相似文献
15.
Branched chain amino acids as source of specific branched chain volatile fatty acids during the fermentation process of fish sauce 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Summary. The source of the formation of branched chain volatile fatty acids (VFA) in fish sauce was investigated. Certain branched
VFA were derived from the degradation of specific amino acids as iso-butyric acid from valine and iso-valeric acid from leucine. Short and long straight chain VFA were significantly higher in the linoleic acid added sample
than in the control but did not significantly bring changes to the branched chain VFA. It is suggested that straight chain
VFA developed from fish fats. Alanine and isoleucine did not have a clear influence on the production of volatile fatty acids.
Received November 23, 2001 Accepted June 20, 2002 Published online December 18, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" Part of this paper was presented in the 7th International Congress on Amino Acids and Proteins in Vienna, Austria from
August 6–10, 2001.
Authors' address: Norlita G. Sanceda, Ph.D., Institute of Environmental Science for Human Life, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112, Japan,
Fax: + 81-3-5978-5805, E-mail: lita@cc.ocha.ac.jp 相似文献
16.
During the R/V Hakuho-maru Cruise KH-95-2, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, from Tokyo, Japan to the South Pacific east of Australia (22°
N–30° S; 126° E–176° E) from June to September, 1995, 77 unidentified gonostomatid larvae (5.5–20.0 mm SL) were collected
south of 20° S with an IKMT net. They subsequently were identified as Sigmops longipinnis (Mukhacheva), and its ontogeny during the latter part of the larval stage (body form and proportions, photophores, pigmentation,
and meristics) is described here. The larvae develop a species-specific row of melanophores along the midlateral line anterior
to the caudal peduncle and another along the middorsal line from before the dorsal fin to just before the caudal fin.
Received: June 24, 2002 / Revised: November 2, 2002 / Accepted: January 31, 2003 相似文献
17.
Yoshie Matsuda Genqing Liang Yali Zhu Fengshan Ma Richard S. Nelson Biao Ding 《Protoplasma》2002,220(1-2):0051-0058
Summary. Previous work has demonstrated that some endogenous plant gene promoters are active in selective companion cells of the phloem,
depending on organ types and developmental stages. Here we report that the Commelina yellow mottle virus (CoYMV) promoter
is active in the companion cells of leaves, stems and roots of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi NN, using β-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter. Thus, the CoYMV promoter has a broad organ specificity. This promoter
can be useful in molecular studies on the functions of companion cells in many aspects of phloem biology, such as regulation
of long-distance transport, macromolecular traffic, plant development and interaction with pathogens. It may also be useful
in engineering crops that produce specific gene products in the companion cells to block long-distance movement of pathogens.
Received February 5, 2002; accepted March 27, 2002; published online July 4, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" Correspondence and reprints: Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Center, 207 Rightmire Hall, Ohio State
University, 1060 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A. 相似文献
18.
The development of Gryllus argentinus Sauss. was studied under stable laboratory conditions: the temperature of 26°C, the air humidity of 60%, and the photoperiod
of 12h light: 12 h dark. The life cycle of Gryllus argentinus includes four stages: egg, pronymph, nymph, and adult. The duration of embryonic development is 18 days. The depth of egg
bedding in the peat is 9.63 ± 0.12 mm (n =145), the clutch containing 2–4 eggs. A female can lay over 1100 viable eggs during the entire oviposition period. Nymphal
development includes 9 instars and lasts 97 days. The duration of nymphal instars (days) is: I—5; II—6; III—6; IV—6; V—8;
VI—10; VII—13; VIII—14; IX—29. The duration of the adult life is 51 days in males and 69 days, in females. In the imaginal
ontogenesis of males and females, three periods can be distinguished: pre-reproductive, reproductive, and postreproductive.
Males start to emit the aggressive signal on the 6th (5–8th) day (the pre-reproductive period). They enter the reproductive
period (start to emit the calling song) on the 9th (8–13th) day. Females enter the reproductive period (become capable of
responding to the calling song and of copulation) on the 9th (8–10th) day. Oviposition starts on the day after the first copulation.
The reproductive period lasts about 40 (15–59) days in males and 58 (21–70) days in females. The post-reproductive period
starts in females at the moment of finishing the egg laying period and in males, with disappearance of reproductive behavior.
The period ends in the animal’s death. 相似文献
19.
Summary. 2H-Pyran-2-ones 1 were transformed with various hydrazines into (E)- or (Z)-α,β-didehydro-α-amino acid (DDAA) derivatives 4 (and 7) containing a highly substituted pyrazolyl moiety attached at the β-position. With heterocyclic hydrazines, the products 4 were accompanied also by decarboxylated enamines E-6. In order to separate (E/Z)-mixtures of acids, they were transformed to the corresponding methyl esters 9 and 10 by the application of diazomethane. Catalytic hydrogenation under high pressures with Pd/C as a catalyst resulted in the formation
of racemic alanine derivatives 11.
Received January 29, 2002 Accepted May 27, 2002 Published online December 18, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" Dedicated with deep respect to Professor Waldemar Adam on the occasion of his 65th birthday.
Acknowledgements We thank the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport of the Republic of Slovenia for the financial support (P0-0503-103).
Dr. B. Kralj and Dr. D. Žigon (Center for Mass Spectroscopy, “Jožef Stefan” Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia) are gratefully
acknowledged for the mass measurements.
Authors' address: Prof. Marijan Kočevar, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenia, E-mail: marijan.kocevar@uni-lj.si 相似文献
20.
Akihisa Torii Antony S. Harold Takakazu Ozawa Yukio Iwatsuki 《Ichthyological Research》2003,50(2):129-139
This study redescribes Bregmaceros mcclellandi Thompson, 1840, based on one specimen (74.4 mm SL) from the Bay of Bengal and 66 specimens (30.0–84.7 mm SL) from Mumbai
(Bombay), India, because the type specimens have apparently been lost. The present specimens are characterized by having black
dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins and show the following morphology: caudal fin slightly forked; body chromatophores present
mainly at the dorsal part; no scales on cheek; vertebrae 52–55 (13–15 + 38–41); dorsal rays 52–59; anal rays 54–60; pectoral
rays 18–20; caudal rays 27–31 (principal rays 14); transverse scales 14–15. In the 66 Mumbai specimens, it was confirmed that
the distinctive black fin pigmentation developed sequentially with growth, with complete pigmentation first on the anterior
lobe of the dorsal fin, then simultaneously on the posterior lobe of the dorsal fin, the caudal fin, and the pectoral fin,
and last, on the anal fin. This species is known only from the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Gulf of Thailand. A review
of 16 nominal Bregmaceros species indicates that, besides B. mcclellandi, the distinctive dark fin pigmentation is found in B. atripinnis (Tickell), B. atlanticus Goode and Bean, B. japonicus Tanaka, and B. lanceolatus Shen. B. atripinnis is considered a junior synonym of B. mcclellandi, and the others are clearly distinct from B. mcclellandi. Comments are made on some of the characters to more fully characterize the species and for reference in future revisionary
and phylogenetic studies.
Received: June 17, 2002 / Revised: December 2, 2002 / Accepted: December 24, 2002 相似文献