基质金属蛋白酶-2/9敏感型可跨膜融合抗氧化酶的表达、纯化和表征北大核心CSCD

融合了跨膜肽的抗氧化酶可进入细胞,保护细胞免受放射损伤。然而跨膜肽的跨膜能力没有靶向性,其也可把抗氧化酶带入肿瘤细胞进而保护肿瘤细胞,降低放疗的效果。为此,根据多数肿瘤细胞微环境中存在活性基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMP)-2或MMP-9的特点,在细胞跨膜肽R9与人铜、锌超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase 1,SOD1)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)之间融合MMP-2/9的底物肽X,设计了融合蛋白GST-SOD1-X-R9。该蛋白在肿瘤微环境中可因MMP-2/9酶切底物肽X而失去跨膜肽,从而无法进入肿瘤细胞,进而只能进入正常细胞。全基因合成SOD1-X-R9序列,并将其插入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,得到表达质粒,并实现了GST-SOD1-X-R9融合蛋白的可溶表达。GST-SOD1-X-R9经硫酸铵沉淀和GST亲和层析纯化,分子量约为47 kDa,与理论值一致。纯化的融合蛋白的SOD活性和GST活性分别为2954 U/mg和328 U/mg。GST-SOD1-X-R9的SOD活性或GST活性在生理条件下几乎没有变化。该融合蛋白在溶液中可被胶原酶Ⅳ部分水解。分别建立了2D和3D培养的HepG2细胞模型来检验肿瘤微环境中的MMP-2活力对该蛋白跨膜能力的影响。在2D培养模型中,HepG2的MMP-2活力极低,但在3D培养模型中,随着培养时间的增加,HepG2肿瘤球的体积变大,其胞外MMP-2活力也随之增强。GST-SOD1-X-R9在2D培养的HepG2细胞中具有和GST-SOD1-R9蛋白一样的跨膜效率,但在3D培养的HepG2细胞球中的跨膜能力大大降低。本研究为后续深入研究GST-SOD1-X-R9靶向防护正常细胞的氧化损伤效应奠定了基础。     

全长SOD2重组蛋白的可溶表达、纯化、稳定性与跨膜效应

超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)家族是保护细胞免受正常代谢过程中产生的活性氧(ROS)毒性所必需的,含Mn2+离子的超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD,SOD2)是其中最重要的一种。本研究合成了人源SOD2全基因序列,并将其插入带有GST的原核表达载体p GEX-4T-1中,成功构建了GST-SOD2融合蛋白表达质粒。然后,将重组质粒p GEX-4T-1-SOD2转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),用IPTG在25℃下诱导表达融合蛋白,得到可溶性GST-SOD2融合蛋白,经GST亲和树脂纯化得到比活为1 788 U/mg的纯蛋白,分子量约为46 k Da。利用凝血酶切去GST标签后经肝素亲和柱纯化得到了电泳纯的SOD2重组蛋白,该蛋白分子量约为25 k Da,与SOD2全长序列的理论分子量相符,比活为2 000 U/mg。两种重组SOD2蛋白在生理条件下都具有良好的SOD活性,且都具有显著的跨膜能力(P0.05)。这些工作为深入研究两种全长重组SOD2蛋白的结构与生物效应建立了基础。     

小鼠PC-1基因在大肠杆菌中的表达和纯化

利用PCR和基因重组技术构建了小嫌PC－1基因全长cDNA及其N端45个氨基酸残基的表达质粒pGEX-4T-1-mPC-1和pGEX-4T-1-mPC-1-45。经IPTG诱导后,在大肠杆菌DH5α中,GST－mPC-1和GST－mPC-1-45两个融合蛋白都获得了可溶性高表达。经谷胱甘肽Sepharose-4B亲和柱层析纯化后,获得了纯的GST－mPC-1和GST－mPC-1-45蛋白。     

GST—talinl融合蛋白的原核表达及纯化

应用PCR方法扩增talinl的cDNA,并将其重组入谷胱甘肽转硫酶融合基因表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,获取人源的GST—talinl融合蛋白,为下阶段深入的研究talinl的结构、功能、及其与之相互作用的蛋白打下基础。经酶切、序列鉴定．选择正确重组子,将其质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导表达,用Glutathione Sepharose 4B柱纯化,western blot鉴定。克隆得到了一个2400bp的talinl的cDNA片断,重组质粒目的DNA测序正确,纯化出分子量约为121、6kD的融合蛋白。用基因工程方法使GST—talinl重组质粒在原核细胞表达并成功纯化出GST—talinl融合蛋白。     

GST/ AEP 融合蛋白原核表达载体的构建、表达及鉴定

目的：为进一步研究抗癫痫肽（And—epilepsy peptide,AEP）的抗痫机制及筛选其相关作用蛋白,进行GST／AEP融合蛋白原核表达载体的构建及融合蛋白的表达。方法：通过PCR基因扩增对AEP基因进行扩增,并将其克隆于谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）融合蛋白表达质粒pGEX-4T-1中,经酶切、序列鉴定分析后,用该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌B121（DE3）,经IPTG诱导获得表达,并采用Western Blot进行检测。结果：成功构建了AEP原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌B121中获得表达。结论：成功构建了GST／AEP原核表达载体,并表达了GST／AEP融合蛋白。     

重组原核质粒GST-hTudor-SN-SN（1～4）的构建及表达

目的 将人类Tudor-SN（tudor staphylococcal nuelease）蛋白SN（1～4）基因片段分别定向连入pGEX-4T-1质粒,使Tudor-SN蛋白sN各功能片段与（;＂蛋白在大肠埃希菌BL21细胞内融合表达.方法 以重组质粒pSG5-Tudor-SN-flag为模板,PCR法扩增出目的 基因,利用EcoR Ⅰ和Sal Ⅰ双酶切法将目的 片段连接纠pGEX-4T-1载体卜,再将构建成功的GST-hTudor-SN-SN（1～4）重组质粒转化人大肠埃希菌BL-21内,IPTG诱导表达后再以考马斯亮蓝染色法检测GST融合蛋白的表达.结果 以单/双酶切和基因测序法鉴定构建的重组质粒均无误,考马斯亮监染色法观察到GST融合蛋白的正确表达.结论 重组原核GST.hTudor-SN-SN（1-4）质粒成功构建和表达.     

幽门杆菌Catalase/GST融合蛋白的表达、标签切除及鉴定

旨在利用GST融合基因表达系统表达幽门螺杆菌Catalase融合蛋白,并利用凝血酶切除GST标签.将重组质粒Catalase/pGEX-4T-1转化大肠杆菌BL21( DE3)感受态中,用IPTG进行诱导表达,菌体经反复冻融、溶菌酶裂解及超声破菌后,Catalase/GST融合蛋白以部分可溶性的形式表达在上清中.采用谷胱甘肽琼脂糖树脂Glutathione Sepharose 4B对其进行纯化,得到Catalase/GST融合蛋白,再用凝血酶进行GST标签的切除,所得产物进行Western blotting鉴定.高效表达出Catalase/GST融合蛋白的相对分子质量约85 kD,凝血酶成功地切除了GST标签,Western blotting证实Catalase蛋白能被鼠抗Catalase单克隆抗体识别.     

GST-Ets-1融合蛋白的表达与纯化

[目的]旨在原核表达Ets-1基因,纯化获得GST-Ets-1融合蛋白。[方法]以SD大鼠脑垂体cDNA为模板,利用PCR扩增含有Bam HI和Not I酶切位点的Ets-1基因;然后将其克隆到pGEX-4T-1原核表达载体中,将正确的重组载体转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3);用IPTG诱导表达,再利用Magne GST particles亲和纯化GST-Ets-1融合蛋白;最后通过Western blot鉴定此融合蛋白。[结果]成功构建pGEX-4T-1-Ets-1原核表达载体;30℃条件下,0.2 mmol/L的IPTG能诱导出大量的可溶性GST-Ets-1蛋白;经Magne GST particles纯化的GST-Ets-1蛋白可被识别ETS-1的抗体特异识别。[结论]纯化的GST-Ets-1蛋白可用于后续的生物学研究。     

富亮氨酸重复超家族新成员LRRC4的IgC2结构域蛋白的原核表达和纯化

富亮氨酸重复超家族新成员LRRC4基因是新克隆的脑瘤相关基因,采用多聚酶链式反应（PCR）方法获得长约500bp含IgC2结构域的DNA序列,扩增产物克隆至pGEX-4T-2质粒中,构建GST融合表达质粒,在大肠杆菌中诱导表达融合蛋白,经包涵体沉淀,溶解,Glutathione-Sepharose亲和层析纯化获得融合蛋白,并以Western blot鉴定证实,通过IgC2结构域蛋白的纯化分离该结构域,为进一步研究该结构域及LRRC4基因的结构和功能奠定了基础。     

pGEX-4T-1/Tα1-TP5原核表达载体的构建及表达

旨在构建胸腺融合肽Tα1-TP5原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中表达.化学合成Tα1-TP5基因,与原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1融合并转化至E.coli BL21 (DE3),IPTG诱导表达,用SDS-PAGE电泳和AlphaEase凝胶电泳图像分析系统对工程茵表达的蛋白进行分析鉴定.表达的GST融合蛋白经GST琼脂糖...     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.