应用双荧光报告系统检测斑马鱼microRNA的动态表达

microRNA(miRNA)是一类细胞内源表达的小分子非编码RNA, 主要通过降解靶基因的mRNA或者抑制靶基因的翻译, 在动植物的发育以及其他重要的生理过程中起调控作用。miRNA的功能跟它的表达位置与时间密切相关, 但是目前尚缺乏一个能够在活体与个体水平稳定、持续地实时观察miRNA动态表达的方法。文章以斑马鱼为模式, 建立了一个双荧光报告系统(我们称之为miRNA Tracer), 用于在斑马鱼整体胚胎中追踪特定miRNA的表达谱及动态变化过程。该系统以Tol2转座子为基础, 采用来自斑马鱼hsp70基因的热激启动子分别驱动eGFP和mRFP1荧光报告基因, 同时在其中一个报告基因的3′-UTR区连接待测miRNA的互补序列, 构成Tracer质粒。该互补序列与斑马鱼胚胎中相应的内源miRNA结合后能够使对应报告基因的荧光信号强度减弱, 通过比较两个报告基因在表达谱上的差异辨别miRNA的表达区域, 检测斑马鱼胚胎中miRNA起作用的位置和时间。文章选择在肌肉系统特异表达的miR-206以及在神经系统特异表达的miR-219, 分别在显微注射瞬时表达和转基因稳定整合等两个层次上验证了上述Tracer系统。结果表明, 所用的方法能够如实地在单细胞水平和整体水平检测到目标miRNA的时空表达动态变化。miRNA Tracer系统为在斑马鱼发育过程中对miRNA进行活体、实时的时空定位提供了一个独特而有效的方法, 也为对miRNA进行功能与作用机制等更深入的研究奠定了基础。

补充资料

s219mRFP1-dF转基因胚胎的3-D图像 [视频]     

2012年第9期《遗传》封面说明

microRNA(又称miRNA)作为细胞内源表达的一类小分子非编码RNA,主要通过降解mRNA或抑制翻译调控靶基因表达。miRNA在个体发育中具有特异的时空表达模式,其功能跟它的表达位置和时间密切相关。但是目前缺乏在活体与个体水平稳定、持续地实时观察miRNA动态表达的方法。斑马鱼体外发育且胚胎透明,非常适于观察荧光蛋白的表达。本研究建立了一个称为"miRNA Tracer"的双荧光报告系统,用于在斑马鱼活体胚胎中追踪miRNA的表达及动     

2012年《遗传》第12期封面说明

蝗虫材料易得,染色体大,染色体数目相对较少,双线期和终变期交叉明显,可以用于分析染色体交叉的结构、分布和频率,是观察减数分裂过程中染色体动态变化的理想材料。在蝗虫的曲细精管中同时存在精子发生的3个过程,即精原细胞有丝分裂,初/次级精母细胞减数分裂及精子形成。     

2012年第4期《遗传》封面说明

七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)属无颌类脊椎动物,是现存脊椎动物中最古老、最原始的物种之一。其化石记录可以追溯到志留纪及寒武纪,有现存的"活化石"之称,它印记了从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物的进化历史,同时作为脊椎动物的祖     

2012年第8期《遗传》封面说明

水稻的开花时间、花序和花器官的形态结构对它们的产量和品质构成重要的影响。多少年来,水稻颖花发育的过程和机理,一直是人们很想揭开的奥秘。这不仅是因为水稻颖花在生长发育中处于中心位置,而且其花器官发育过程也为研究基因的表达调控与器官形态特征之间关系,提供了一个极其独特的思路。因此,阐明水稻颖花发育的遗传机制不     

2012年第6期《遗传》封面说明

表观遗传是指非DNA突变的可遗传表型。从分子水平上来说,表观遗传是因染色质的修饰或构象变化而引起的基因表达变化。SWI/SNF染色质重塑复合体即是表观遗传分子机制中的重要一员;SWI/SNF复合体依赖ATP水解的能量打开核小体结构,使转录因子可以接近DNA,从而有利于转录调节。SWI/SNF复合体核心组分INI1/hSNF5负责与多种转录调节蛋白结合。这些转录调节因子有些是重要的原癌蛋白,如c-myc、ALL1、核抗原2和GADD43等;也有重要     

2012年第1期《遗传》封面说明

株高是水稻重要的株型组成因子,水稻矮秆基因是株型改良的重要遗传基础,其大多参与植物内源激素赤霉素和油菜素内酯的合成或信号传导途径,一般具有"一因多效"的遗传性状表现,造成植株矮化的同时也会改变其他性状。通过对所构建的水稻突变体库进行大规模筛选,我们获得一个稳定遗传的矮秆突变体dtl1。与野生型相比,dtl1表现为     

2012年第10期《遗传》封面说明

近年来,随着牛全基因组高密度SNP芯片的出现,基于牛全基因组信息的研究迅速成为了热点。2008年,中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所牛遗传育种研究室在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟乌拉盖管理区建立资源群体,截止2012年已收集     

2012年第2期《遗传》封面说明

盐碱胁迫是影响植物生长、发育的重要环境限制因素,严重影响作物的产量和品质。应用分子生物学和基因工程技术手段培育耐盐碱的作物品种,为开发利用盐碱地资源、增加耕地面积,展示了美好的前景。而挖掘盐碱胁迫相关的新基因,阐明其调控植物耐盐碱的分子机理,是实现上述目标的重要前提条件。本研究从前期的野生大豆(Glycine soja     

2012年第5期《遗传》封面说明

植物雄性不育是指植物不能产生具有正常生殖功能的雄配子,而雌性生殖器官正常可育的现象。雄性核不育在植物界中普遍存在,但基本上都是隐性的,显性核不育非常少见,迄今仅在10余种作物中发现了24例显性核不育材料。水稻中已发现5份显性核不育材料,其中只有"三明"显性核不育材料遗传稳定,基本不受环境影响。本研究利用一个     

Heat shock elements are involved in heat shock promoter activation during tobacco seed maturation

The soybean Gmhsp17.3-B heat shock promoter is developmentally regulated in transgenic tobacco, as indicated by the constitutive expression of a -glucuronidase reporter in seeds [16]. In this paper, we show that both the heat shock promoter-driven -glucuronidase activity and the mRNA of the endogenous Nthsp18P gene accumulate coincident with the onset of seed desiccation. Deletions of the soybean Gmhsp17.3-B promoter, encompassing the heat shock element (HSE)-containing regions, revealed a co-localization of sequences responsible for heat induction and developmental expression. Moreover, synthetic HSEs fused to a TATA box sequence had the potential to stimulate the developmental expression of a GUS reporter gene in seeds of transgenic plants.     

Heat Shock Proteins: Functions and Role in Adaptation to Hyperthermia

The results are generalized of many-year studies into the adaptive role of heat shock proteins in different animals, including the representatives of cold- and warm-blooded species that inhabit regions with different thermal conditions. Adaptive evolution of the response to hyperthermia can lead to different results depending on the species. The thermal threshold of induction of the heat shock proteins in desert thermophylic species is, as a rule, higher than in the moderate climate species. In addition, thermoresistant species are often characterized by a certain level of heat shock proteins in cells even at a physiologically normal temperature. Although adaptation to hyperthermia is achieved in most cases without changes in the number of heat shock genes, they can be amplified in some cases in termophylic species. The role of mobile elements in evolution of the heat shock genes was shown and approach was developed for directional introduction of mutations in the promoter regions of these genes.__________Translated from Ontogenez, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2005, pp. 265–273.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Evgen’ev, Garbuz, Zatsepina.     

Pax2/8 proteins coordinate sequential induction of otic and epibranchial placodes through differential regulation of foxi1, sox3 and fgf24

Vertebrate cranial placodes contribute vitally to development of sensory structures of the head. Amongst posterior placodes, the otic placode forms the inner ear whereas nearby epibranchial placodes produce sensory ganglia within branchial clefts. Though diverse in fate, these placodes show striking similarities in their early regulation. In zebrafish, both are initiated by localized Fgf signaling plus the ubiquitous competence factor Foxi1, and both express pax8 and sox3 in response. It has been suggested that Fgf initially induces a common otic/epibranchial field, which later subdivides in response to other signals. However, we find that otic and epibranchial placodes form at different times and by distinct mechanisms. Initially, Fgf from surrounding tissues induces otic expression of pax8 and sox3, which cooperate synergistically to establish otic fate. Subsequently, pax8 works with related genes pax2a/pax2b to downregulate otic expression of foxi1, a necessary step for further otic development. Additionally, pax2/8 activate otic expression of fgf24, which induces epibranchial expression of sox3. Knockdown of fgf24 or sox3 causes severe epibranchial deficiencies but has little effect on otic development. These findings clarify the roles of pax8 and sox3 and support a model whereby the otic placode forms first and induces epibranchial placodes through an Fgf-relay.     

嗜麦芽假单胞菌热休克基因dnaK启动子的亚克隆及其在大肠杆菌中功能的研究

通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）得到了嗜麦芽假单胞菌（Pseudomonas maltophilia)热休克基因dnaK启动子的DNA片段dnaKp,将dnaKp的PCR的产物亚克隆在报道载体质粒pUCD615的LuxCDABE基因上游,成重组的具有启动子的质粒融合体pUCD615p。转化到大肠杆菌的pUCD615p启动子对热、有机化合物和重金属的诱导响应快速灵敏,表现出强的启动子功能,能启动LuxCDABE基因表达,使荧光酶活性提高。借助荧光敏活性的变化,可检测系统中一些有机物和重金属的存在,作为一种灵敏的环境污染生物检测工具。     

Temporal and spatial control of transgene expression using a heat-inducible promoter in transgenic wheat

Constitutive promoters are widely used to functionally characterise plant genes in transgenic plants, but their lack of specificity and poor control over protein expression can be a major disadvantage. On the other hand, promoters that provide precise regulation of temporal or spatial transgene expression facilitate such studies by targeting over-expression or knockdown of target genes to specific tissues and/or at particular developmental stages. Here, we used the uidA (beta-glucuronidase, GUS) reporter gene to demonstrate that the barley Hvhsp17 gene promoter can be induced by heat treatment of 38-40 °C for 1-2 h in transgenic wheat. The GUS enzyme was expressed only in those tissues directly exposed to heat and not in neighbouring leaf tissues. The induction of HSP::GUS was demonstrated in all organs and tissues tested, but expression in older tissues was lower. Generally, proximal root sections showed less GUS activity than in root tips. This heat-inducible promoter provides the ability to investigate the function of candidate genes by overexpression or by down-regulation of target gene expression (for example by RNAi) in selected tissues or developmental stages of a transgenic plant, limited only by the ability to apply a heat shock to the selected tissues. It also allows the investigation of genes that would be lethal or reduce fertility if expressed constitutively.     

报告基因法比较两种放线菌启动子的活性

摘要：【目的】比较启动子Psf与红霉素抗性基因启动子（PermE*）在链霉菌中的表达强度差异。【方法】本文利用卡那霉素抗性梯度以及邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶显色系统,比较了两个启动子的表达差异。【结果】两个启动子在棒状链霉菌(Streptomyces clavuligerus) NRRL3585、天蓝色链霉菌（Streptomyces coelicolor）M145,委内瑞拉链霉菌（Streptomyces venezuelae）ISP5230及变铅青链霉菌（Streptomyces lividans TK