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生态认知视角下的校园雨水花园设计旨在探讨生态语境下校园景观的教育作用。环境教育中的无意识教育方式是通过环境的感染力潜移默化影响受育者,无意识教育方式为受育者提供的开放性、自主性和互动性的教育途径更能深刻影响受育者的认知。基于生态认知的校园雨水花园设计以无意识环境教育思想为指导,运用生态显露设计,以可视化雨水路径刻画雨水生态特征,以满足花园功能、技术和艺术要求且实现可视化雨水路径的空间设计与艺术品质,创造雨水花园的张力场效应和感染力,如空间秩序、材质对比、色彩运用以及空间的愉悦体验等,以促进生态的无意识教育 相似文献
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雨洪径流失控引发的负面问题已经影响到城市居民的正常生活。雨水花园作为典型的用于雨洪治理的生态基础设施,是进行城市水管理的重要手段。为提升雨水花园以径流控制为主的生态系统服务能力,研究团队基于物联网技术在中科院城市所内建成一座带有径流控制效益监测系统的雨水花园研究示范样地。景感学作为研究生态系统服务和可持续发展的有效途径,基于其理论分析雨水花园样地这一景感的营造途径、原则、生态系统服务能力,有助于使人-生态基础设施-自然环境三者更和谐地相互融入和适应,进而为雨水花园这类生态基础设施的营造提供借鉴经验。经探究发现雨水花园样地营造遵循了愿景呈现的双向性、方位的顺脉性、营造过程的渐进性三项原则,它可从多方面提供调节服务、支持服务与文化服务,有利于改善区域人居环境。通过径流控制效益监测系统监测、分析得出样地具备显著的调节服务(径流削减)能力,且人们可通过视感、听感、触感感知并享受雨水花园样地供给的文化服务。由于物联网监测技术与居民对各部分生态系统服务的监测和感知能力各有侧重,本研究认为可结合物联网相关监测技术和人的物理感知对雨水花园这类生态基础设施的营造工作进行评估,进而指导这类生态基础设施的建设并提升其生态系统服务能力。 相似文献
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阐述了将7个采石场转变为南宁园博园采石场花园的设计过程,解读了每一个采石场设计的对策,设计与场地地貌和场所精神契合的方式、植被修复的手段、人工介入途径、游览体验的组织等。设计对废弃采石场的生态修复和利用具有一定的示范意义。 相似文献
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生态智慧是一种实践哲学,能够被广泛应用于风景园林设计之中。美国芝加哥的卢瑞花园(Lurie Garden)、谢德花园(Shedd Garden)、斯特恩矿坑公园(Stearns Quarry Park)作为优秀的公共绿地,不仅具有特色鲜明的植物群落结构及植物景观,而且已成为促进城市生态环境可持续发展的成功范例,为人们提供了一个理想的休闲活动场所,同时也充分体现了场地植物景观营造的生态智慧。根据3处绿地的植物种类特征,总结了植物群落构建的特点。在此基础上从植物塑造场地空间、植物景观的自然野趣、植物群落构建及其景观营造与城市生物多样性关联等方面探讨植物群落对场地生态系统的完善,对芝加哥城市公共绿地的植物群落构建及景观营造进行了生态智慧解读。 相似文献
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在对广州、深圳和珠海公园普遍踏查的基础上,选取9个海绵设施应用较多的公园作为调查样地,针对应用的海绵设施类型、结构、规模、植物景观等进行实地调查分析。结果表明,公园绿地应用较多的海绵设施类型以植草沟、雨水花园和旱溪为主;海绵设施应用的植物有87种,隶属49科79属,以禾本科、豆科种类居多;海绵设施不同种植区域选择植物时应根据积水情况综合考虑植物的耐涝性;从海绵设施应用的植物种类及配置景观来看,雨水花园和旱溪最为丰富;最后,针对公园绿地海绵设施应用普遍存在的问题,分别从植物选择、景观配置及后期维护等方面提出建议。 相似文献
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中国西北干旱城市建成环境绿地生境主要特征表现为破碎化、规模大、尺度小和生境多样化,但在现实中其设计方式单一,绿地空间和生境资源被浪费,亟待找到适宜的生态设计途径。以西安建筑科技大学2个生境花园的实践和实验研究为例,提出以1m×1m作为基本尺度单元的“生境营造+地被群落” 设计模式。“生境营造”以光照和水作为主导生境因子划分生境类型,并在场地设计时优化生境条件。“地被群落”设计可以师法西北地区多样化的自然草地群落原型,结合8种群落设计的基本模式,营造多样性、动态性的城市植物群落景观,降低管理维护成本,提高群落的生态效益和可持续性。 相似文献
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K. Ishimatsu K. Ito Y. Mitani Y. Tanaka T. Sugahara Y. Naka 《Landscape and Ecological Engineering》2017,13(1):205-212
Ecosystem services in urban areas have deteriorated year on year due to increased urbanization. As a consequence of increased urbanization, floods threaten inhabitants of various cities in Japan. Although a conventional way of treating urban flooding is to construct sewage systems, alternative approaches have to be developed because of their expense in the context of the current financial crisis, especially in local governments. Rain gardens, a type of low-impact development, have recently been recommended as a best management practice for the treatment of stormwater runoff in Northern European countries, the USA, etc. While demand for rain gardens has been increasing in Japan, there is a lack of knowledge about their functions and characteristics. The present study aims to explain the function of rain gardens through a verification experiment and field survey. This study shows that rain gardens are suitable for dealing with low flow volumes of rainwater, although their suitability could be slightly changed by soil properties and catchment area. Our field survey indicated that rain gardens must be connected to a sewage system. In addition, like other green infrastructure, rain gardens require maintenance. The most frequent type of maintenance is the disposal of garbage, as garbage can block channels running between a rain garden and a conventional sewage system. Moreover, garbage build up can lead to the retention of rain water for more than 36 h, and this water can become a habitat for mosquito larvae. 相似文献
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社区花园在欧美具有悠久历史,在健康城市建设和促进社区发展方面的功效已经得到证实。目前,已针对社区花园的功能、类型、经营和科普等开展研究,但对土地获取和设计相关的研究较少。西雅图的社区花园历史悠久,并获得政府支持,是美国发展社区花园的城市典范。通过对西雅图23个典型案例进行调研,对用地获取方式、功能类型、分区和元素组成进行分类总结,为设计建造具有中国特色的社区花园提供启示。 相似文献
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遗传学试题库的研制 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
利用FoxPro 2.5b设计了遗传学试题库。系统主要分为试题输入、试题查找与编辑、试卷生成、试卷管理、编辑打印、试卷分析、学生成绩管理等部分。系统将窗口设计和菜单式设计相结合,集多种功能于一个窗口之中,窗口之间可以相互调用,具有题型多,速度快,直观性强,操作灵活方便等特点。该题库现已输入1500多道试题,生成标准试卷16份。
Abstract:A computer system of genetics test question pool was designed with FoxPro 2.5b.This system includes mainly as follows:input,search,and edit of test questions,generation,management,edit,print and analysis of examination paper and student scored management,etc.The design mthod of window and menu style were used in this system.It collects multi-function in a window,and has some specialties such as calling each other among windows,many question styles,high speed,visualization and easy operation,etc.So far 1 500 test questions have been input into this system and 16 standard examination papers have been generated. 相似文献
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Hodkinson TR Waldren S Parnell JA Kelleher CT Salamin K Salamin N 《Journal of plant research》2007,120(1):17-29
The manipulation of DNA is routine practice in botanical research and has made a huge impact on plant breeding, biotechnology
and biodiversity evaluation. DNA is easy to extract from most plant tissues and can be stored for long periods in DNA banks.
Curation methods are well developed for other botanical resources such as herbaria, seed banks and botanic gardens, but procedures
for the establishment and maintenance of DNA banks have not been well documented. This paper reviews the curation of DNA banks
for the characterisation and utilisation of biodiversity and provides guidelines for DNA bank management. It surveys existing
DNA banks and outlines their operation. It includes a review of plant DNA collection, preservation, isolation, storage, database
management and exchange procedures. We stress that DNA banks require full integration with existing collections such as botanic
gardens, herbaria and seed banks, and information retrieval systems that link such facilities, bioinformatic resources and
other DNA banks. They also require efficient and well-regulated sample exchange procedures. Only with appropriate curation
will maximum utilisation of DNA collections be achieved. 相似文献
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西双版纳青梅林的群落学研究 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
本文对分布在西双版纳勐腊县南部以龙脑香科植物版纳青梅为标志树种的热带森林作了群落学分析,认为它具有热带雨林的结构和基本特征,在性质上属于热带季节雨林。由于分布海拔偏高和生境特殊,它的上层乔木几乎常绿,在外貌上与望天树林和本地区典型的季节雨林有一定差异,在区系组成上向山地雨林过渡,它表现为一种季节雨林向山地雨林过渡的类型,同时也是一种热带北缘地区季节雨林的海拔极限类型。 相似文献
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清代北京外城地区修建了大量的会馆,作为各地同乡或商业行会的聚会、住宿、祭祀场所,其中部分会馆设有专门的园林,园内营造用于宴饮的厅堂,布置亭轩楼台等建筑,并堆叠假山、开辟池沼、种植花木,形成一种独立的园林类型。通过文献考证和现场调查,对清代北京会馆园林的主要实例进行记述,并对其造园意匠做进一步的分析。总体而言,这些园林的格局较为方整,建筑形式以厅堂、亭、轩为主,假山多以青石叠置,水景简单,植物多为易于维护的品种,匾额、楹联富有文化寓意并反映其故乡特色。 相似文献
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螟蛉盘绒茧蜂是夜蛾科和螟蛾科多种害虫幼虫期内寄生性天敌 ,寄主范围包括水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花等作物的多种重要害虫。该文综述了国内外在螟蛉绒茧蜂的生理生态学、化学生态学、人工繁殖和引种利用等方面的研究进展。螟蛉盘绒茧蜂寄主范围广 ,发育历期短 ,成虫寿命长 ,田间种群数量大 ,人工繁殖简便 ,通过合理保护利用、人工繁殖释放可以有效控制一些重要害虫 ,在生物防治中的具有良好应用前景。 相似文献
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Fungus-growing termites originated in African rain forest 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fungus-growing termites (subfamily Macrotermitinae, Isoptera) cultivate fungal crops (genus Termitomyces, Basidiomycotina) in gardens inside their colonies. Those fungus gardens are continuously provided with plant substrates, whereas older parts that have been well decomposed by the fungus are consumed (cf.). Fungus-growing termites are found throughout the Old World tropics, in rain forests and savannas, but are ecologically dominant in savannas. Here, we reconstruct the ancestral habitat and geographical origin of fungus-growing termites. We used a statistical model of habitat switching repeated over all phylogenetic trees sampled in a Bayesian analysis of molecular data. Our reconstructions provide strong evidence that termite agriculture originated in African rain forest and that the main radiation leading to the extant genera occurred there. Because extant savanna species are found in most genera, this moreover suggests that the savanna has repeatedly been colonized by fungus-growing termites. Furthermore, at least four independent "out-of-Africa" migrations into Asia, and at least one independent migration to Madagascar, have occurred. Although fungus growing by termites is ecologically most successful under the variable, unfavorable conditions of the savanna, it seems to have evolved under the more constant and favorable conditions of the rain forest. 相似文献
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