腺病毒介导犬干扰素-γ基因的表达及其体外抗犬细小病毒的作用

[目的]构建含犬干扰素-γ(c IFN-γ)基因的重组腺病毒,并在培养的犬肾细胞MDCK中分析其抗犬细小病毒的活性.[方法]首先将cIFN-γcNDA基因克隆到腺病毒穿梭质粒中,构建成含cIFN-γ基因的腺病毒穿梭质粒pShuttle3-cIFN-γ.利用特异的酶切位点,通过直接连接法将cIFN-γ表达盒插入到腺病毒基因组质粒pAdeno-X中,构建成含cIFN-γ基因的腺病毒基因组质粒pAd-cIFN-γ.pAd-cIFN-γ质粒经酶切线性化后转染人胚胎肾细胞HEK293T,在细胞中拯救出含有cIFN-γ基因的复制缺陷型重组腺病毒.然后用该重组腺病毒处理(感染)培养的犬肾细胞MDCK,再用犬细小病毒感染重组腺病毒处理的细胞,分析重组腺病毒在体外抗犬细小病毒的活性.[结果]通过连接法构建了含cIFN-γ基因的重组腺病毒,构建的重组腺病毒能够介导cIFN-γ在MDCK细胞中进行分泌表达.用含cIFN-γ基因的重组腺病毒处理MDCK细胞,可明显地抑制犬细小病毒在细胞中的增殖,表明构建的重组腺病毒具有明显的抗犬细小病毒的活性.[结论]构建了含cIFN-γ基因的重组腺病毒,并证明该重组病毒在体外具有明显的抗犬细小病毒的活性.     

人CXCL9重组腺病毒的制备及其表达产物生物活性检测

目的构建携带人CXCL9基因的重组腺病毒,分析其表达产物的生物学活性。方法采用PCR法从pBLAST2-hCXCL9质粒上扩增出hCXCL9基因,再将其克隆至pENTR11载体上,构建pENTR11-hCXCL9质粒,通过同源重组将hCXCL9基因片段重组至pAd/CMV/V5-DEST上,最后在293A细胞内进行包装、扩增后得到携带hCX-CL9基因的重组腺病毒。用包装好的病毒感染Hela细胞,分析目的基因的表达及其生物学活性。结果成功地将hCXCL9基因片段克隆至重组腺病毒载体上,并经293A细胞包装出病毒颗粒。该病毒感染Hela细胞后,可在培养上清液中检测到显著表达的hCXCL9。通过趋化活性分析发现,该表达产物对T淋巴细胞具有明显的趋化活性。结论成功构建了hCXCL9重组腺病毒,并可在体外高效表达具有生物活性的目的产物。     

CELⅠ酶的粗提取及其活性检测

CEL I酶是第一个从真核生物中提取的用于高效特异切割DNA双链碱基错配和DNA扭曲的内切酶, 因而也是TILLING技术中用到的一种关键酶。文章对CELI酶的粗提取及其活性检测进行了研究。错配切割实验表明, CELI酶在包含有G→A点突变的杂合双链中, 能有效地在错配位点进行切割, 并可以通过ABI377测序仪获得直观的检测结果, 从而可以用于TILLING分析。     

表达轮状病毒nsp4基因重组腺病毒的构建与免疫评价

目的:应用非复制腺病毒表达系统构建表达人轮状病毒非结构蛋白4(NSP4)的重组腺病毒,初步评价其免疫保护效果。方法:构建含野生轮状病毒NSP4基因的穿梭质粒pshuttle-NSP4,与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdeasy经同源重组后在Ad-293细胞中包装获得pAd-NSP4重组腺病毒颗粒。电镜、RT-PCR、免疫荧光等方法鉴定病毒特征及在体外细胞中的表达。肌肉注射及滴鼻方式免疫小鼠,检测小鼠血清抗体效价及其中和保护效果。结果:获得了滴度为108.25CCID50/ml的重组腺病毒pAd-NSP4,免疫荧光检测到特异性目的蛋白的表达。二次免疫后肌肉注射和滴鼻小鼠的ELISA血清平均效价分别为1∶320和1∶1436.8;中和抗体效价1∶45.3和1∶71.8。结论:表达轮状病毒NSP4蛋白的非复制型重组腺病毒颗粒具有良好的免疫原性。滴鼻途径比肌肉注射可更加有效地诱导小鼠的免疫应答。     

EGFRvⅢ胞外区基因重组腺病毒的构建及单域抗体的制备北大核心CSCD

本研究旨在构建能够表达人表皮生长因子EGFRvⅢ胞外区基因的重组腺病毒,并通过免疫骆驼构建噬菌体单域抗体库,筛选和制备EGFRvⅢ胞外区特异性单域抗体并对其进行鉴定。从人前列腺癌细胞系PC-3细胞中提取总RNA,反转录为cDNA,以cDNA为模板扩增EGFRvⅢ胞外区基因,并连接pAdTrack-CMV质粒载体,转化含有pAdEasy-1的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BJ5183感受态细胞,获得同源重组质粒转染HEK293A细胞,得到表达EGFRvⅢ胞外区蛋白的重组腺病毒。利用重组腺病毒免疫双峰驼,构建EGFRvⅢ胞外区特异性噬菌体单域抗体库,并以EGFRvⅢ蛋白为筛选抗原,对其进行筛选,对筛选得到的单域抗体进行诱导表达、纯化及鉴定。结果表明获得了表达EGFRvⅢ胞外区基因的重组腺病毒。构建得到的EGFRvⅢ特异性噬菌体单域抗体库的库容为1.4×109;经过3轮富集和筛选,通过噬菌体ELISA筛选出31个与EGFRvⅢ胞外区蛋白结合的阳性克隆,并对OD450值较高的重组单域抗体E14进行了表达和纯化。经ELISA鉴定,重组单域抗体E14可与EGFRvⅢ胞外区蛋白产生抗原抗体结合反应,具有较高的亲和力。说明制备的EGFRvⅢ特异性噬菌体单域抗体库具有较高的库容和多样性,且筛选得到的单域抗体具有较高的抗原活性和免疫学反应性,为今后以EGFRvⅢ为靶点的恶性肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新的实验依据。     

MKK6重组腺病毒的构建与制备

构建腺病毒穿梭载体pAd RSV ,并将p3 8MAPK (mitogen activatedproteinkinase)的上游激酶MKK6(mitogen activatedproteinkinasekinase 6)及其持续激活和无活性的突变体基因亚克隆到该穿梭载体 .通过与腺病毒DNA(pJM17)在能够表达E1的HEK 2 93细胞同源重组生成了能够表达MKK6信号分子的重组腺病毒 .PCR结果表明 ,这些重组腺病毒DNA的插入片段大小是正确的 .而且 ,通过感染COS 7细胞 ,用免疫激酶活性测定证实这些重组的腺病毒能够表达具有功能的蛋白质 .     

单活性结构域T7核酸酶Ⅰ的制备及性质研究

T7核酸酶Ⅰ(T7EⅠ)是一种能特异识别并拆分重组中间体Holliday Junction(HJ)的多功能核酸酶,该酶不仅能特异识别和拆分HJ,而且能随机切刻双链DNA,特异识别并切割双链DNA中的切刻和单碱基错配位点.构建了两种原核表达载体用于表达MBP和His-tag融合的两种T7EⅠ突变体,MBP-T7EⅠ(E20K)和His6-T7EⅠ(E65K).每一种融合蛋白形成的同源二聚体不具有核酸酶活性,通过共表达或两种蛋白质共变性复性、双标签亲和纯化,最终获得具有单个活性结构域的T7EⅠ异源二聚体(T7EⅠ-SAD).以pUC(AT)和pUC19为底物测试T7EⅠ-SAD的HJ拆分活性、随机切刻活性和切刻位点切割活性,结果显示,T7EⅠ-SAD可特异识别并切刻HJ结构,但丧失了同时引入两个切刻位点的能力,其对pUC(AT)的特异切刻活力和对pUC19的随机切刻活力与野生酶相当.逐级变性梯度洗脱实验显示,T7EⅠ-SAD的稳定性与野生型酶接近,二聚体解离需要5.0～6.0mol/L尿素或1.75～2.0mol/L盐酸胍;凝胶阻滞实验表明T7EⅠ-SAD具备与HJ结构特异结合的能力.为具有细胞毒性蛋白的表达提供...     

cre基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及表达蛋白活性的检测

Cre重组酶来自噬菌体P1,可以识别特异的loxP位点的DNA序列,并进行专一性的剪切和拼接,利用PCR技术将cre基因克隆至原核表达载体pET-29a,在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）得到了高效表达,采用DEAE－52柱层析的方法对表达蛋白进行了纯化,体外生物学活性检测表明,表达蛋白对含有同向loxP位点的质粒有切割活性。     

沙蜇(Stomolophus meleagris)刺丝囊毒素生物活性的初步分析

从沙蜇触手提取刺丝囊细胞毒素,并对该毒素进行溶血活性、致死活性、SOD活性和抗肿瘤活性的研究。结果显示,沙蜇毒素具有明显的溶血活性,其半溶血率(HU50)约为10.5μg/ml;该毒素还对草鱼显示出较强的致死活性,半致死量(LD50)为50μg毒素/g鱼;同时该毒素具有明显的SOD活性和抗肿瘤活性,当毒素浓度为18μg/ml时其总SOD活性为161 U/mg,而毒素浓度为1 mg/ml时,该毒素对肝癌细胞Bel-7402表现出显著的抑制效果,其抑制率达到54.9%。因此,有必要对沙蜇毒素内的生物活性组分进行深入研究,为沙蜇毒素的开发利用提供依据。     

Lignans and neolignans as lead compounds

Many lignans and neolignans have served as lead compounds for the development of new drugs. Perhaps the best known example is podophyllotoxin, an antimitotic compound that binds to tubulin. Etoposide and teniposide are derived from podophyllotoxin, but their antitumoural activity is due to inhibition of topoisomerase II. Combination of both pharmacophores has led to compounds with a dual mechanism of action, such as azatoxin. Dihydrobenzofuran neolignans, based on the natural lead 3,4-di-O-methylcedrusin, have also been investigated as potential antitumoural agents; the dimerisation product of caffeic acid methyl ester was the most active compound. Here too, he cytotoxic activity was due to inhibition of tubulin polymerisation. In addition, the same compounds showed antiangiogenic activity. Podophyllotoxin, as well as other types of lignans, such as dibenzylbutyrolactones related to arctigenin, dibenzocyclooctadiene-type lignans, and dibenzylbutanes, have been explored as leads for antiviral agents (also including HIV). Synthetic 8.O.4-neolignans have been evaluated for their antileishmanial and antifungal properties. Detailed study of the antifungal properties of the phenylpropanoid moieties has resulted in the design of highly active arylpropanoid derivatives. Other examples where lignans have been used as lead compounds include enzyme inhibitors of phosphodiesterase IV and V, and 5-lipoxygenase, and for the development of hypolipidemic and antirheumatic agents.     

Volatile Nitrogenous Compounds from Bacteria: Source of Novel Bioactive Compounds

Bacteria can produce nitrogenous compounds via both primary and secondary metabolic processes. Many bacterial volatile nitrogenous compounds produced during the secondary metabolism have been identified and reported for their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, algicidal and antitumor activities. The production of these nitrogenous compounds depends on several factors, including the composition of culture media, growth conditions, and even the organic solvent used for their extraction, thus requiring their identification in specific conditions. In this review, we describe the volatile nitrogenous compounds produced by bacteria especially focusing on their antimicrobial activity. We concentrate on azo-compounds mainly pyrazines and pyrrolo-pyridines reported for their activity against several microorganisms. Whenever significant, extraction and identification methods of these compounds are also mentioned and discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is first review describing volatile nitrogenous compounds from bacteria focusing on their biological activity.     

Phenolic composition and antiparasitic activity of plants from the Brazilian Northeast “Cerrado”

This work describes the antiparasitic and cytotoxic activities of three plant species from the Cerrado biome, Northeastern Brazil. Significant antiparasitic inhibition was observed against Trypanosoma cruzi (63.86%), Leishmania brasiliensis (92.20%) and Leishmania infantum (95.23%) when using ethanol extract from leaves of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Malvaceae), at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. However, low levels of inhibition were observed when assessing leishmanicidal and trypanocidal (Clone CL-B5) activities of crude ethanol extracts from leaves and bast tissue of Luehea paniculata (Malvaceae) and leaves and bark of Prockia crucis (Salicaceae) at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. The extracts revealed the presence of phenolic acids such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid, as well as flavonoids such as rutin, luteolin, apigenin and quercetin – the latter detected only in G. ulmifolia. G. ulmifolia extract displayed higher leishmanicidal activity probably due to the presence of quercetin, a potent known leishmanicidal compound. A cytotoxicity test indicated values over 50% at the highest concentration (1000 μg/mL) for all natural products, which were considered cytotoxic. This points out the need for further tests to enable future in vivo trials, including antineoplastic activity on human tumor cells.     

Synthesis and evaluation of the antiplasmodial activity of novel indeno[2,1-c]quinoline derivatives

With the aim to explore the potentiality of new chemical scaffolds for the design of new antimalarials, a set of new indeno[2,1-c]quinolines bearing different basic heads has been synthesized and tested in vitro against chloroquine sensitive (CQ-S) and chloroquine resistant (CQ-R) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited a moderate antiplasmodial activity, inhibiting the growth of both CQ-S and CQ-R strains of P. falciparum with IC₅₀ ranging from 0.24 to 6.9 μM and with a very low resistance index. The most potent compounds (1.2–1.3-fold the CQ on the W-2 strain) can be considered as promising ‘lead compounds’ to be further optimized to improve efficacy and selectivity against Plasmodia.     

Analysis of anti-bacterial and anti oxidative activity of Azadirachta indica bark using various solvents extracts

Herbal medications have been used for relief of symptoms of disease. Regardless of the great advances observed in current medicine in recent decades, plants still make a significant contribution to health care. An alarming increase in bacterial strains resistant to a number of antimicrobial agents demands that a renewed effort be made to seek antibacterial agents effective against pathogenic bacteria resistant to or less sensitive to current antibiotics. Anti-bacterial activity of Azadirachta indica stem bark was tested against pathogenic Salmonella paratyphi and Salmonella typhi using various solvent extracts. The in vitro anti-bacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method and the results were expressed as the average diameter of zone of inhibition of bacterial growth around the well. The ethanol and methanol extracts showed better anti-bacterial activity with zone of inhibition (20–25 mm) when compared with other tested extracts and standard antibiotic Erythromycin (15 mcg) with zone of inhibition (13–14 mm). Using Fisher’s exact test of significance difference was found between two Salmonella strains sensitivity patterns against tested extracts (P ⩽ 0.035). Extracts of A. indica stem bark also exhibited significant antioxidant activity, thus establishing the extracts as an antioxidant. The results obtained in this study give some scientific support to the A. indica stem bark for further investigation of compounds and in future could be used as drug.     

In-vitro antioxidant,antimutagenic and cancer cell growth inhibition activities of Rhododendron arboreum leaves and flowers

In the current investigation, the active principles of the methanol extracts of Rhododendron arboreum leaves (MEL) and flowers (MEF) were investigated with the help of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), amino acid analyzer and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). UHPLC revealed different polyphenols present in the extracts. GC-MS identified 20 phytochemicals in leaves and 17 in the flowers, whereas, amino acid analyzer confirmed 11 amino acids in leaves and 10 in the flowers. The extracts were subjected to the investigation of biological activity through analysis of antioxidant activity in different in vitro assays, antimutagenic activity in Ames assay and cancer cell growth inhibition activity by MTT (3-4,5 dimethylthiazol-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. MEL showed higher antioxidant activity in lipid peroxidation inhibition assay (95.32 ± 0.37%) than MEF (77.09 ± 4.17%) with IC₅₀103.6 µg/ml for MEL and 271.17 µg/ml for MEF. In nitric oxide scavenging assay, an activity of 94.46 ± 0.32% (IC₅₀ 150.13) was observed in MEF followed by 83.71 ± 0.74% (IC₅₀ 179.52) in MEL. The antimutagenic activity of both the extracts was evaluated against sodium azide, 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine and 2-aminofluorene mutagens in TA-98 and TA-100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. The analysis was carried out using pre- and co-incubation modes. However, both extracts were observed to possess considerable antimutagenic activity against different known mutagens, flowers came out to be more effective than the leaves in terms of % inhibition. The extracts also exhibited significant cancer cell growth inhibition activity, when tested against 3 cancer cell lines namely, Human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), Breast cancer cell line (MCF7) and Lung cancer cell line (A549). In case of HeLa and A549, MEL showed higher activity of 64.62 ± 2.65 and 75.08 ± 1.68% as compared to 53.11 ± 2.84 and 45.92 ± 2.43% in MEL, respectively. The EC₅₀ values for MEL in HeLa and A549 were noted to be 232.76 and 155.38 µg/ml, respectively, whereas, MEF had EC₅₀ of 395.50 µg/ml in HeLa and 660.26 µg/ml in A549. Further, MEF showed higher cytotoxicity in MCF7 cell line (84.93 ± 1.17%) followed by the MEL (73.57 ± 1.27%) with EC₅₀ value of 95.16 µg/ml for MEF followed by 172.19 µg/ml for MEL. The biological activities of the extracts can be attributed to the phyto-constituents identified by sophisticated instruments.The biological activities of the extracts can be attributed to the active principles identified by sophisticated instruments.