厦门丽蝇科麻蝇科及家蝇料记录

作者于1954年11月即开始采集蝇类,旋即中断,仅得常见种7种。至1956年5月又重新开始,迄1957年5月,共得蝇类39种,分隶于丽蝇、麻蝇及家蝇3科,今记录如下:     

四川西部丽蝇科4蝇种昼夜活动节律的研究

首次记录四川西部雅安市丽蝇科(Calliphoridae)4蝇种昼夜活动节律的初步研究,结果表明,蝇类这一具有白昼活动、夜间蛰伏的生物生态特性的昆虫群体,对光照度和光照时间表现出异常敏感的行为反应;在地理生态环境中,对于影响蝇类行为活动诸因素如气温、光照、晴、阴、雨等气候现象,文中予以讨论。     

广州南沙港蝇类(双翅目:有瓣蝇类)调查

2007年7月至2009年6月自南沙港诱捕到有瓣蝇类46750头,包括蝇科、麻蝇科、丽蝇科、花蝇科25属45种,其中宽额丽蝇Calliphora latifrons Hough为我国新记录,红头丽蝇Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy和古铜黑蝇Ophyra aenescens Wiedemann为广东省新记录种.上述3种是近年来国外输入的蝇类.大头金蝇Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius为南沙港区优势种,发生高峰出现在9～10月,4～5月出现次高峰.     

基于28S rRNA基因序列的常见有瓣蝇类的系统发育

用中国产双翅目有瓣蝇类6科15种和GenBank中登录的5科6种有瓣蝇类昆虫的28SrDNA序列片段组合成7科21种,进行同源性比较。应用Mega3.0软件,探讨了28S rRNA基因在有瓣蝇类的分子进化机制;以黑腹果蝇Drosophilia melanogaster为外群,NJ和MP法构建了上述类群的分子系统树。研究结果表明:在获得的698bp的序列中,有126个变异位点,101个简约信息位点;A T含量平均为68.8%,存在较强的A T含量偏向性。分子系统树中,所有内群聚为一支,支持有瓣蝇类为一单系。内群分别聚为2大支:丽蝇科和麻蝇科关系较近于寄蝇科,组成较进化的狂蝇总科;蝇科与花蝇科聚合的类群为蝇总科,上述结果与现代形态分类系统相同。但粪蝇科和厕蝇科脱离蝇总科,与狂蝇总科聚为一支,与现代形态分类系统不一致。     

琅琊山蝶类资源调查初报

在安徽省滁州市琅琊山国家级森林公园采集到凤蝶科蝴蝶５属１０种、蛱蝶科１２属１７种、粉蝶科３属５种、眼蝶科３属４种、灰蝶科１０属１２种、喙蝶科１属１种、弄蝶科３属４种。其中,１种为我国特有珍稀蝶类,３１种为安徽省新记录,并记录各种蝴蝶的学名,寄主和区系组成。     

中国有瓣蝇类三新种：（双翅目：丽蝇科,蝇科）

本文报道采自中国四川的瓣蝇类丽蝇科蜗蝇属Ｍｅｌｉｎｄａ Ｒｏｂｉｎｅａｕ－Ｄｅｓｖｏｉｄｙ １新种：端钩蜗蜗Ｍｅｌｉｎｄａ ａｐｉｃｉｈａｍａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ;蝇科移属Ｃｏｅｎｏｓｉａ Ｍｅｉｇｅｎ２新种：黑杂移蝇Ｃｏｅｎｏｓｉａ ｎｉｇｒｉｍｉｘｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,黄杂移蝇Ｃｏｅｎｏｓｉａ ｆｌａｒｉｍｉｘｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。模式标本保存于沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所。     

陕西省的茎蝇科二新种(双翅目:无瓣蝇类)

茎蝇科(Psilidae) 为双翅目无瓣蝇类(Diptera,Acalyptratae) 中的一个小科,世界已知仅百余种、广布各大区。我国过去由Hendel(1913,1933),Henning(1940)等记载过5属10种,大多为台湾省的,有2种则分布于甘肃南部;陕西省此科无记录。我们近年开展了茎蝇科的分类研究,已记述了十多个种;本文根据北京农业大学的收藏又增加陕西省的二新种,模式标本均保存在我校的昆虫标本室。     

辽宁省植蝇属一新种(双翅目：花蝇科)

辽宁省植蝇属一新种（双翅目：花蝇科）张连富张大丽（辽宁省朝阳市卫生防疫站朝阳１２２０００）１９９５－０３－１５收稿,１９９６－０４－２６收修改稿·１０３·辽宁植蝇Ｌｅｕｃｏｐｈｏｒａｌｉａｏｎｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ新种（图１～４）雄性体长７．５ｍｍ。头眼裸...     

亚洲象体内寄生虫研究

１９８５－１９９０年,对石家庄市动物园喂养展览的４只亚洲象,选用“丙硫苯咪唑”、“丙硫咪唑”驱虫,２０－３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ一次性投服,效果满意。虫科鉴定共１４种：线虫８种,胃蝇蚴２种,吸虫４种（另文报道）。其中２种线虫,１种胃蝇蚴在我国亚洲象体内是首次发生。为国内新纪录;２种线虫在我国是首次发现。     

山东省潍坊市蝇类调查

为了掌握本市蝇类相及其主要种类的季节分布,以供开展灭蝇工作和蝇类区系工作参考,于1979年3月20日至1980年3月20日进行了调查,现将结果报告如下:方法:选择市区蔬菜店,东郊医学院内学生伙房附近及厕所内,每月10、20、30日分别放诱蝇笼一个,用臭鱼腐果诱捕1天;选取人民公园、白浪河畔、市肉品、水产两公司与诱捕日同天用网采捕半天。诱捕和网捕的蝇类分别用二二三和毒瓶处死,实验室鉴定并做有关记录。结果:共捕获有腋瓣蝇类33种,分属于4科、10亚科、21属。全年除11至2月份外,其他月份均有蝇类入笼。从3月份开始,5、6月份出现第一个高峰,9月份…     

The simple-septate basidiomycetes: a synopsis

The simple-septate basidiomycetes comprise more than 8,000 species that show a high morphological and ecological heterogeneity. To gain insight in the phylogenetic relationships within this group, we compared several ultrastructural features such as septal pore apparatus, form, and behavior of the spindle pole bodies, types of host–parasite interaction, presence or absence of colacosomes, symplechosomes, atractosomes, and cystosomes as well as nuclear rDNA sequences coding for small- and large-subunit rRNA. Based on our integrated analysis, we propose a new classification system for the simple-septate basidiomycetes with the subphylum Pucciniomycotina and the classes Agaricostilbomycetes, Atractiellomycetes, Classiculomycetes, Cryptomycocolacomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, Mixiomycetes, and Pucciniomycetes. We also propose the pucciniomycotinous taxa Cystobasidiales, Erythrobasidiales, Helicobasidiales, Mixiales, Naohideales, Pachnocybales, Spiculogloeales, and Kondoaceae and the new subphyla Agaricomycotina (equivalent to the current Hymenomycetes) and Ustilaginomycotina (equivalent to the current Ustilaginomycetes).     

Unusual metals as carcinogens

A review of the literature on unusual metals as carcinogens was carried out. The metals covered are some of the rare earths, copper, silver, gold, mercury, germanium, tin, antimony, lead, platinum, palladium, aluminum, titanium, niobium, manganese, scandium, yttrium, indium, rhodium, and gallium.     

Neutrino intergalactic communication,metal life,and viruses: Part 1 quo vadis ex machina

At one spectrum extreme, Astrobiology conjectures that for exoplanets with Goldilocks conditions, terrestrial-like life is inevitable. Moreover, it is envisaged that via panspermia, terrestrial-like life and its precursors are transferred among galaxies, stars, and within solar systems via transiting comets, asteroids, and planetoids. In addition, expelled stars, which have solar systems, it is inferred, transfer life as well. However, at the other extreme, we propose a paradigm shift that on some planets, subject to non- Goldilocks conditions, metal machine life could arise, ab initio, and evolve viruses, intelligence, and civilizations, conjointly. Accordingly, intelligent mechanized civilizations could readily and efficiently commence space exploration. Furthermore, as a counter paradigm shift, such civilizations could experiment and produce non-metallic life, based on carbon and other non-metal elements, under suitable conditions, related to Goldilocks life. Even a single example of validated interstellar or intergalactic communication received on the Earth would support the existence of life elsewhere. However, the communication platform should not be restricted to electromagnetic radiation. Other platforms should be included as well - one such example, which would require sophisticated technology, is neutrino communication. This is the case for any advanced civilization, be it metal-machine based, biological-based, and carbon-based. In sum, civilizations based on machine life, would be highly productive due to the longevity and hardiness of machine life. However, significant caveats are raised in this brief report, because possibly dissimilar psychologies and intelligence may lead to conflicts between metal machine life and biological life, inter-paradigm conflict.     

Molecular phylogeny of the gobioid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Gobioidei)

The phylogeny of groups within Gobioidei is examined with molecular sequence data. Gobioidei is a speciose, morphologically diverse group of teleost fishes, most of which are small, benthic, and marine. Efforts to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups have been hampered by the prevalence of reductive evolution among goby species; such reduction can make identification of informative morphological characters particularly difficult. Gobies have been variously grouped into two to nine families, several with included subfamilies, but most existing taxonomies are not phylogenetic and few cladistic hypotheses of relationships among goby groups have been advanced. In this study, representatives of eight of the nine gobioid familes (Eleotridae, Odontobutidae, Xenisthmidae, Gobiidae, Kraemeriidae, Schindleriidae, Microdesmidae, and Ptereleotridae), selected to sample broadly from the range of goby diversity, were examined. Complete sequence from the mitochondrial ND1, ND2, and COI genes (3573 bp) was used in a cladistic parsimony analysis to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups. A single most parsimonious topology was obtained, with decay indices indicating strong support for most nodes. Major phylogenetic conclusions include that Xenisthmidae is part of Eleotridae, and Eleotridae is paraphyletic with respect to a clade composed of Gobiidae, Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, Kraemeriidae, and Schindleriidae. Within this five-family clade, two clades are recovered. One includes Gobionellinae, which is paraphyletic with respect to Kraemeriidae, Sicydiinae, Oxudercinae, and Amblyopinae. The other contains Gobiinae, also paraphyletic, and including Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, and Schindleriidae. Previous morphological evidence for goby groupings is discussed; the phylogenetic hypothesis indicates that the morphological reduction observed in many goby species has been derived several times independently.     

Nicotinic Agonists, Antagonists, and Modulators From Natural Sources

1. Acetylcholine receptors were initially defined as nicotinic or muscarinic, based on selective activation by two natural products, nicotine and muscarine. Several further nicotinic agonists have been discovered from natural sources, including cytisine, anatoxin, ferruginine, anabaseine, epibatidine, and epiquinamide. These have provided lead structures for the design of a wide range of synthetic agents.2. Natural sources have also provided competitive nicotinic antagonists, such as the Erythrina alkaloids, the tubocurarines, and methyllycaconitine. Noncompetitive antagonists, such as the histrionicotoxins, various izidines, decahydroquinolines, spiropyrrolizidine oximes, pseudophrynamines, ibogaine, strychnine, cocaine, and sparteine have come from natural sources. Finally, galanthamine, codeine, and ivermectin represent positive modulators of nicotinic function, derived from natural sources.3. Clearly, research on acetylcholine receptors and functions has been dependent on key natural products and the synthetic agents that they inspired.     

Systematics and phylogeny of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia), with descriptions of a new genus and four new species from Indo-Pacific deep waters

The phylogenetic relationships of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are studied, based on the examination of the type species of all the genera previously described. The phylogenetic hypothesis supports that the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are a monophyletic group and the sister group of the clade formed by Astemnotus Ehrenberg, 1831 and Halgerda Bergh, 1880. Several genera previously considered as valid or regarded as uncertain are here synonymized: Peronodoris Bergh, 1904, Trippa Bergh, 1877, Phlegmodoris Bergh, 1878, Petelodoris Bergh, 1881, Kentrodoris Bergh, 1876, Audura Bergh, 1878, Centrodoris P. Fischer, 1883, Anisodoris Bergh, 1898, Awuka Er. Marcus, 1955, Rhabdochiia P. Fischer, 1883, Boreodoris Odhner, 1939, Dictyodoris Bergh, 1880, Gravieria Vayssiere, 1912, Aporodoris Ihering, 1886. The following genera are regarded as valid: Astemnotus, Atagema J.E. Gray, 1850, Jorunna Bergh, 1876, Platydoris Bergh, 1877, Diaulula Bergh, 1878, Rostanga Bergh, 1879, Halgerda Bergh, 1880, Baptodoris Bergh, 1884, Gargamella Bergh, 1894, Alloiodoris Bergh, 1904, Sclerodoris Eliot, 1904, Taringa Er. Marcus, 1955, Thorybopus Bouchet, 1977. The new genus Nophodoris is described based on two new species from New Caledonia deep waters. Two additional new species from New Caledonia belonging to the genera Atagema and Gargamella are also described. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are discussed, and several type species, neotypes and lectotypes are selected.     

Oxypred： Prediction and Classification of Oxygen-Binding Proteins

This study describes a method for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding pro- teins. Firstly, support vector machine (SVM) modules were developed using amino acid composition and dipeptide composition for predicting oxygen-binding pro- teins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 85.5% and 87.8%, respectively. Sec- ondly, an SVM module was developed based on amino acid composition, classify- ing the predicted oxygen-binding proteins into six classes with accuracy of 95.8%, 97.5%, 97.5%, 96.9%, 99.4%, and 96.0% for erythrocruorin, hemerythrin, hemo- cyanin, hemoglobin, leghemoglobin, and myoglobin proteins, respectively. Finally, an SVM module was developed using dipeptide composition for classifying the oxygen-binding proteins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 96.1%, 98.7%, 98.7%, 85.6%, 99.6%, and 93.3% for the above six classes, respectively. All modules were trained and tested by five-fold cross validation. Based on the above approach, a web server Oxypred was developed for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding proteins(available from http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/oxypred/).     

Foliar nutrient levels of broad-leaved tropical trees: A tabular review

Foliar nutrient levels (N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B), of about 40 tropical and subtropical broad-leaved trees, are listed and classified as deficient, low, intermediate, high, and toxic in each case according to the interpretation and evaluation of the reviewed author(s).     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.