La culture du Paléolithique dans la région de Jungwon en Corée

The Jungwon region is located in the central part of Korea and it is one of crucial regions for understanding of the Korean Paleolithic culture. Many Paleolithic sites have been discovered in this region, from the lower Paleolithic to the upper Paleolithic. It is of interest the remarkable variety of archeological remains such as human bones, stone tools, animal bones and paleoenvironmental artifacts. As a result, it permits us to reconstruct the subsistence of prehistoric men. This region has an important role for Korean prehistoric researches.     

老龙洞史前遗址初步研究

本文记述了老龙洞史前遗址研究初步成果．在对石、骨、角制品的一般性质论述基础上,指出这一组合具有自身的一些特点,并有着文化上的广泛联系;依遗物和哺乳动物化石对其年代也作了初步讨论。初步研究结果表明,它是中国西南地区,特别是云南近年来发现的一处重要的包括旧石器时代晚期文化层在内的史前洞穴遗址,为研究中国南方旧石器时代晚期文化类型的多样性提供了一个重要的地点和一批有意义的文化遗物。     

中国旧石器原料开发策略的研究进展

石料开发与获取是石器生产操作链的重要环节,也是史前人地关系研究的重要内容,能够反映史前人类的资源开发策略、环境认知与适应能力、移动模式和交流贸易网络等。相比于旧大陆西侧,东亚地区的燧石和黑曜岩等优质石料产地相对稀缺,中国许多旧石器考古遗址的石器原料主要来自遗址周边质量欠佳的脉石英、石英岩和一般燧石等,而相关的旧石器时代石料开发策略系统研究也相对较少。本文对中国目前已开展的旧石器时代石料开发策略研究进行系统梳理分析和总结发现,从旧石器时代早期到晚期末段,中国境内史前人类的石料开发策略存在明显的时空变化,主要体现在石料类型组成、产地选取和开发方式三个方面,可能主要受到史前人类流动性变化、石器技术演变和环境变化等因素的共同影响。综合而言,开展旧石器时代遗址的石料开发策略研究,对于理解中国境内史前人类的行为模式和交流迁徙等有重要意义。     

安徽巢湖地区2019年旧石器考古调查的新发现

2019年10月,安徽省文物考古研究所在巢湖地区开展旧石器考古野外调查,新发现16处旧石器地点、1处动物化石地点,并对20世纪80年代发现的望城岗地点群进行复查,共获得石制品939件,动物化石4件。石制品原料以石英岩砾石为主,类型可划分为剥片类、废片类、修理类和砸击品。石核开发利用程度较高,周身自然砾石面占比较低;废片类包括石片、断块和碎片,石片以V型和II型为主,存在一定数量长度大于10 cm的大石片,部分石片保留直接使用痕迹;修理类多为以石片为毛坯,类型以刮削器为主,同时存在少量大型切割工具。根据对张家湾地点OSL年代学测试结果推测,巢湖地区发现旧石器地点的绝对年代不晚于距今12.5万年。这些地点的石器技术的典型特点是早期人类从大型石核上剥取大石片,并以之为毛坯加工重型工具。本次发现对进一步讨论中更新世人类在长江下游地区的石器技术多样性及该地区阿舍利技术大石片存在状况等具有重要学术意义。     

关于百色石器研究——答林圣龙

We are greatly encouraged by the enthusiastic discussionssince the publication of our report on Science (vol. 287, no. 5458, p1622-1626, 2000) on the Bose Paleolithic study. These discussions are highly appreciated, as they are positive in promoting the development of Paleolithic science in Chi-na, and in clarifying some issues at Bose. Here, particular thanks are extended to Lin for his comments, which are briefly addressed as follows.
Most of the questions of Lin are centered on the relations of the tektites, stone artifacts and the stratigraphy. These had already been raised in the comments of Koeberl et al (vol.289, no. 5479, p507a, title :Tektites and the Age Paradox in Mid-Pleistocene China) and replied in detail in July 2000 in the same issue. Since then, further investigations have been carried out at Bose and there has not been any new evidence affecting our earlier interpretations, which are also supported by the lack of stone artifacts on the terraces younger than T4. It should be clarified that the stone tools discovered at the upper-most part of T4 at some localities are of Neolithic age, rather than Paleolithic. Thus, the statement of Lin about two possible generations of Paleolithic layers is not supported but should be further studied. Lin questioned in his past publications the existence of handaxe in the Paleolithic of China while typical handaxes in China have been internationally recognized by the majority of the Paleolithic community, such as those from the Dingcun, Lantian and Bose sites. The available ages of the Bose Paleolithic tools are naturally a contradiction to the “Movius line”.
Continuous investigation is being carried out at Bose, which is expected to provide further new ev- idence on the main issues.Discussion in the field would be greatly helpful for clarifying some of these issues. We cordially invite Lin to realize a first visit to Bose, and are looking forward to his contribution.
     

丹江口库区红石坎Ⅰ旧石器地点发掘简报

红石坎Ⅰ旧石器遗址是丹江口库区一处重要遗址,埋藏于汉江右岸第3级阶地。2008年发掘并揭露525m2,出土石制品136件,采集22件。石制品类型包括备料、人工石块、石锤、石核、石片、刮削器、砍砸器、手镐、凹缺刮器、碎片等,具有南、北方石器工业过渡的文化特征,时代应属于旧石器时代早期。     

蔚县盆地2019-2020年旧石器考古调查

作为广义泥河湾盆地的重要组成部分,蔚县盆地也曾是更新世期间古人类生存活动的重要地区。2019-2020年度在蔚县盆地开展了新一轮的旧石器考古调查工作,发现并确认18处旧石器和动物化石地点,获得35件石制品以及少量动物化石。从文化遗存的出露层位来看,泥河湾河湖相地层和黄土堆积是遗物埋藏的主要地貌部位。石制品类型包括石锤、石核(含细石核)、废片和工具;原料以火山岩、燧石和石英岩为主;石核剥片和工具修理均主要采用锤击法。技术类型总体上包含了简单石核石片技术和细石叶技术两套组合。结合相关地貌、地层对比资料以及石制品的类型特征,初步推测新地点的时代分别为中更新世和晚更新世,其中含细石叶技术制品地点的年代应为晚更新世晚期。     

Climatic conditions, settlement patterns and cultures in the Paleolithic: the example of the Garonne Valley (southwest France)

In this paper, we present a critical analysis of the distribution of Paleolithic sites between the Massif Central and the Pyrenees (southwestern France) to understand the settlement patterns during the last climatic deterioration of the Quaternary period. This analysis used recent stratigraphic and archaeological data from thousands of systematic test pits conducted for rescue archaeology in different geomorphological contexts. Our analysis addresses crucial questions about the role of the Garonne alluvial plain in this territory during the Upper Paleolithic. The implications are discussed in the context of this region of Europe, which was considered to be a favorable zone for human occupation during glacial periods. The conclusions reveal a division of this territory into two parts separated by a large unoccupied or rarely occupied zone. We discuss perspectives not only concerning the territoriality of the prehistoric groups who lived on the margins of this no man’s land, but also the cultural endemism that could have led to this geography, influenced by climatic conditions clearly more rigorous than previously recognized in this region.     

辽东半岛的旧石器文化

辽东半岛旧石器研究可追溯至20世纪30年代, 但较大的进展则在70年代以后所取得。迄今为止, 包括以庙后山石器工业和营口金牛山人类化石为代表的旧石器早期、以海城小孤山下层石器工业为代表的旧石器中期和以海城小孤山中层石器工业、骨角制品和前阳人类化石为代表的旧石器晚期组成的辽东旧石器文化发展序列已经初步建立起来。从古生态环境和石器技术、类型学而言, 辽东半岛旧石器文化和华北同期文化存在密切的联系。     

冉家路口旧石器遗址2005发掘报告

2005年度重庆市丰都县冉家路口旧石器时代遗址第三次发掘,出土石制品202件,可以鉴定为器物的标本31件,其中加工较为精细的制品6件。石制品原料来自当地砾石层,以石片类为主,经第二步加工的石器皆为砍砸器。利用摔碰法生产的石片、石核及以此为原材加工的器物共23件,是该类技术制品在三峡地区最早、最集中的发现。文章据此对"扬子技术"进行了界定和分析,并根据遗址地层探讨了华南网纹红土的成因。     

李家沟遗址的石器工业

本文介绍河南新密李家沟遗址发现的石制品, 并进行简要讨论。该遗址包含了从旧石器时代晚期一直到新石器时代多个文化阶段的遗存。石器工业在不同文化阶段表现出不同的特点。除了旧石器晚期较早阶段的石片石器组合和旧石器时代晚期之末的细石器组合之外, 还在新石器早期文化乃至裴李岗文化阶段的文化遗存中发现数量较多的打制石器。其中最值得关注的是与典型细石器共存的磨刃石锛与陶片。通过对石制品的初步观察可知, 打制石器并不只存在于旧石器时代, 而是延续到新石器早期甚至可能裴李岗文化时期, 打制石器仍然在继续使用。这种情况说明, 李家沟以及中原地区旧、新石器时代的石器工具的变化过渡是一种逐渐变化的过程。     

海南省昌江发现旧石器

2006年6月,在海南省大广坝水利工程的文物调查中,笔者等在昌江黎族自治县七差乡南阳溪第2级阶地里发现石制品。石制品共计4件;其中,3件出自阶地上部的黄色黏土层中,包括1件石核和2件砍砸器;另1件石核,采集于地表。根据阶地堆积物和器物类型初步判断,石制品的时代为旧石器时代晚期。     

王府井东方广场遗址石制品研究

王府井东方广场遗址出土石制品共计1098件,主要来自下文化层。除石锤、石砧和人工石块外,其他石制品的原料几乎全部为黑色燧石。石制品普遍较小,主要为小型和微型。石核数量很少,但石片占石制品总数的一半还多。碎屑在探方中的几个区域密集分布。石器加工精致,刃缘大部分都比较平齐且其上的修疤排列均匀、整齐,尤其表现在端刮器上。原料、类型与技术特点表明,东方广场遗址石制品组合属于中国旧石器时代晚期的以石片为主要特征的文化系列。这一文化系列与周口店北京猿人遗址、周口店第15地点、许家窑遗址等有较多的相似性,推测东方广场石制品组合是由中国旧石器时代早期和中期石器工业演变而来。     

Beyond Style and Function: A View from the Middle Paleolithic

Chipped stone artifacts are a significant, and often the only available, record of prehistoric hunter-gatherers. The assemblages from four Middle Paleolithic sites in the Iberian peninsula form the basis of a study that addresses the behavioral significance of the variability in these objects. Artifact edges form the primary focus of this analysis, and permit morphology to be quantitatively characterized. Variability is generally continuous for the morphological features examined. Additionally, both edge and tool morphology seem primarily a function of the intensity of edge use and rejuvenation, and whether edge use was linearly extensive or concentrated in small areas. This suggests that retouched artifacts are more the result of the extent and nature of the use of their various edges than preconceived tools. The implications of these results for the study of the Middle Paleolithic and for the interpretation of lithic variability in general are discussed.     

宁夏海原县南华山旧石器考古调查

2020年4-6月,宁夏文物考古研究所与海原县文管所组队对海原县南华山地区进行史前时期遗存专项考古调查。此次调查共发现旧石器地点27处,其中明确地层的有14处。从地层上看可大致分为18000 BP以后的马兰黄土堆积和24000-18000 BP马兰黄土下部河漫滩相堆积两期,分别以石叶-细石叶工业和小石片石器工业为代表。油坊院遗址第1地点和刘湾遗址断面上发现较厚的灰烬堆积,前者还发现有1处明显的火塘遗迹;测年数据显示,两者年代分别为22000 BP cal和11000 BP cal。此次海原县南华山地区旧石器的发现,为研究中国西北地区旧石器晚期文化提供了新的材料,为进一步探讨LGM阶段中国北方旧石器晚期的环境、文化与人群交流等问题提供了新的线索。     

河南淅川坑南遗址调查发现的石制品

河南淅川坑南遗址位于丹江口库区,丹江口库区是近年来旧石器考古发掘和研究的重点地区。2016年对坑南遗址发掘前,在周边调查发现旧石器时代石制品209件,石制品类型包括石核、石片、石叶和石器等。剥片方法有锤击法和砸击法。石器毛坯类型多为片状,少量为块状、砾石。石器修理方式以正向为主,其次为反向和复向。初步判断其时代最早能到旧石器时代中期。新发现对于探讨晚更新世南北旧石器过渡地带的特点,具有重要意义。     

Nouveaux sites paléolithiques de l’oasis de Djizak

The present paper is devoted to the study of Paleolithic settlements recently discovered in the territory of the Djizak Oasis. Some Paleolithic settlements such as Yangikichlak, Azimboulak, Gourdara 1, 2 and Shachmai-Doston were discovered at the roof of the Nourata mountain range in the Farich district. Their cultural layers are not conserved but the single discoveries testify to the presence of prehistoric human camps in the Upper Paleolithic period. The lithic assemblage from the sites of the Djizak Oasis has some similarities with the material coming from the Tachkent site complex and from the Samarkand drainage basin. The discovery of the settlements and their later studies fill gaps on the Paleolithic map of the region.     

河南舞阳贾湖遗址出土石器的微痕分析

石器作为人类物质文化的记录者,在史前人类的生产生活中占据着重要地位,对石器功能和使用方式的探讨是考古学关注的问题之一。目前国内石器研究的主要手段是从器物形态出发,进行类型学的研究,针对石器具体功能及使用方式的实证研究较为缺乏,对磨制石器的研究尤为不足。有鉴于此,本研究以中原地区舞阳贾湖遗址出土的磨制石器为研究对象,利用微痕分析和实验考古的方法,对石器的功能、使用方式及加工对象进行分析和判断。结果表明:石镰的主要功能是收割禾本科植物;石刀主要用于加工禾本科植物、木材和兽骨等;石斧的功能主要是加工木材,另外还可能承担加工兽皮和兽骨的工作;石锛的主要功能与木作有关;石凿在形态上有所区别,但其加工对象主要是木材;石铲的功能以掘土为主。微痕分析的结果使我们对贾湖聚落磨制石器的功能有了客观的认识,可以看出石器的功能并不单一,广泛存在着"一器多用"的现象。本研究从石器使用的角度,揭示了史前人类的生产活动和行为特点,同时也为研究先民的生业经济状况提供了重要材料。     

Interprétation paléogéographique des données palynologiques du site du Paléolithique supérieur de Mezhyrich (Ukraine)

The results of palynological study of the Upper Paleolithic Mezhyrich site in central Ukraine are presented. Four local pollen zones were identified. The results of the palynological investigations allow us to hypothesize that the plant cover during Upper Paleolithic had a mosaic structure. The pollen record shows the presence of a few tree species with the predominance of herbaceous plants. We suggest that the river valleys and other local favorable sites were natural refugia where forest elements could survive even during the Last Glacial Maximum. These favorable landscapes to the existence of prehistoric hunters may have persisted during the Last Pleniglacial.     

Évolution des caractères technologiques et typologiques des industries lithiques dans la stratigraphie de la Caune de l'Arago

The thick Quaternary deposits of the Caune de l’Arago (Pyrénées-Orientales, France) are dated to between 690 000 and 90 000 years old. At least fifteen different archeostratigraphical units have been identified within these deposits, each corresponding to distinct prehistoric occupations. Numerous stone tools made from several different rock types, have been discovered in each unit. The tools present specific characteristics concerning the choice of raw materials, the typology, and the technology used to produce them. Morpho-technological study of the different components of the assemblage contributes to a better understanding of the debitage methods used for their production. Each raw material is considered individually in order to ascertain its origin in the environment, its typological role and the technology applied during its exploitation. Defining production systems leads to the characterisation of the assemblages from each unit. When compared, they reveal common elements, as well as differences, suggesting evolutionary trends. Some observations are also made concerning the extent to which changing uses of the site may have influenced the general morphology of each assemblage, therefore taking into account exterior factors. Analysis of this rich stone tool assemblage helps to situate the Caune de l’Arago industry within the larger evolutionary context of the Lower Paleolithic in Mediterranean Europe.