鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒的胞嘧啶5-甲基转移酶基因结构及其序列分析

对鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒（infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus,ISKNV）的胞嘧啶5－甲基转移酶（MTase）基因的结构及序列进行了分析。序列比较分析表明,ISKNV MTase编码区全长684bp,编码长227个氨基酸的蛋白质,推测分子量为25855D。与一些细菌的MTase比较,ISKNV MTase也含有负责转移甲基的4个保守区,但缺乏识别靶序列的保守区。比较ISKNV与其它6种脊椎动物虹彩病毒的MTase序列并建立系统树,ISKNV显著不同于蛙病毒属和淋巴囊肿病毒属。7种脊椎动物虹彩病毒MTase具有高度保守区,可以此设计引物用PCR方法鉴定脊椎动物虹彩病毒。     

鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒主衣壳蛋白基因结构及序列分析

分析了鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒(infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus,ISKNV)的主衣壳蛋白(MCP)基因结构及其序列。对ISKNV DNA Kpn I L酶切片段的序列分析结果发现,该序列中含有完整的MCP基因。ISKNV MCP基因完整读码框为1362bp,比含量为56．24％,编码一个长为453aa、分子量为49．61kD、等电点为6．25的推定蛋白。结构分析发现,该基因具有启动子元件TATA框和CAAT基序。根据对虹彩病毒MCP系统进化树和脊椎动物虹彩病毒的生物学特性的分析比较发现,ISKNV、RSIV、SBIV、GIV和ALIV等在养殖海、淡水鱼类中引起其脾、肾、固有层和表皮细胞肿大的虹彩病毒,是独立于蛙病毒属和淋巴囊肿病毒属的又一新脊椎动物虹彩病毒类群。     

鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒主要衣壳蛋白基因的原核表达

根据鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒(Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, ISKNV)主要衣壳蛋白(Major Capsid protein, MCP)基因(mcp)序列设计引物,PCR扩增得到一长约1400bp的DNA片段, 将其克隆到pGEM-T Easy Vector.氨基酸亲水性分析表明,在150-250位氨基酸之间亲水性很高,可构成主要抗原决定簇及形成跨膜区.mcp基因经PCR改造后克隆至原核表达载体pBV220,构建表达MCP的大肠杆菌基因工程菌,该工程菌经42℃诱导,SDS-PAGE检测,在约50kDa处有一特异蛋白带,含量约为菌体总蛋白的23%.用纯化和复性后的蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备抗血清,Western-blotting分析显示,重组MCP制备的抗血清能与ISKNV MCP特异结合,说明表达产物具有与ISKNV MCP相似的抗原特性.     

鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒主要衣壳蛋白基因的原核表达

根据鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒(Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus,ISKNV)丰要衣壳蚩白(Major Capsid protein,MCP)基因(mcp)序列设计引物,PCR扩增得到一长约1400bp的DNA片段,将其克隆到pGEM-T Easy Vector。氨基酸亲水性分析表明,在150—250位氨基酸之间亲水性很高,可构成主要抗原决定簇及形成跨膜区。mcp基因经PCR改造后克隆至原核表达裁体pBV220,构建表达MCP的大肠杆菌基因工程菌,该工程菌经42℃诱导,SDS—PAGE检测,在约50kDa处有一特异蛋白带,含量约为菌体总蛋白的23％。用纯化和复性后的蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备抗血清,Western—blotting分忻显示,重组MCP制备的抗血清能与ISKNV MCP特异结合,说明表达产物具有与ISKNV MCP相似的抗原特性。     

传染性脾肾坏死病毒(ISKNV)感染途径、宿主范围及对温度敏感性的研究

传染性脾肾坏死病毒(ISKNV)无细菌滤液通过肌肉注射、划痕浸泡、腹腔注射和口服等四种感染途径,人工感染健康鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi),四种途径都能引起典型的传染性脾肾坏死病毒病.通过腹腔注射感染途径,病毒滤液在25～34 ℃条件下,能引起健康鳜鱼发病.另外,用病毒滤液感染尼罗非鲫(Oreochromis niloticus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、乌鳢(Ophiocephalus argus)、大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)和尖吻鲈(Lates calcarifer)五种鱼,大口黑鲈能够感染成功,为ISKNV的宿主,而其它鱼不能感染成功,不是ISKNV的宿主.     

传染性脾肾坏死病毒（ISKNV）感染途径,宿主范围及对温度敏感性的研究

传染性脾肾坏死病毒（ISKNV）无细菌滤液通过肌肉注射、划痕浸泡、腹腔注射和口服等四种感染途径,人工感染健康鳜鱼（Sinipercachuatsi）,四种途径都能引起典型的传染性脾肾坏死病毒病。通过腹腔注射感染途径,病毒滤液在25～34℃条件下,能引起健康鳜鱼发病。另外,用病毒滤液感染尼罗非鲫（Oreochromis。niloticus）、草鱼（Ctenopharyngodonidellus）、乌鳢（Ophiocephalusargus）、大口黑鲈（Micropterussalmoides）和尖吻鲈（Latescalcarifer）五种鱼,大口黑鲈能够感染成功,为ISKNV的宿主,而其它鱼不能感染成功,不是ISKNV的宿主。     

Mandarin Fish Caveolin 1 Interaction with Major Capsid Protein of Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus and Its Role in Early Stages of Infection

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is the type species of the genus Megalocytivirus from the family Iridoviridae. ISKNV is one of the major agents that cause mortality and economic losses to the freshwater fish culture industry in Asian countries, particularly for mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). In the present study, we report that the interaction of mandarin fish caveolin 1 (mCav-1) with the ISKNV major capsid protein (MCP) was detected by using a virus overlay assay and confirmed by pulldown assay and coimmunoprecipitation. This interaction was independent of the classic caveolin 1 scaffolding domain (CSD), which is responsible for interacting with several signaling proteins and receptors. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy showed that ISKNV MCP colocalized with mCav-1 in the perinuclear region of virus-infected mandarin fish fry (MFF-1) cells, which appeared as soon as 4 h postinfection. Subcellular fractionation analysis showed that ISKNV MCP was associated with caveolae in the early stages of viral infection. RNA interference silencing of mCav-1 did not change virus-cell binding but efficiently inhibited the entry of virions into the cell. Taken together, these results suggested that mCav-1 plays an important role in the early stages of ISKNV infection.     

鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒(ISKNV)PCR检测方法的建立及虹彩病毒新证据

利用真鲷虹彩病毒（ＲＳＩＶ）核苷酸还原酶小亚单位（ＲＮＲＳ）基因保守区设计的一对引物,建立了鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒（ＩＳＫＮＶ）特异的ＰＣＲ检测体系。运用该体系检测ＩＳＫＮＶ,具有简便、快速、敏感、特异等特点,为诊断与预防ＩＳＫＮＶ提供了一个重要的手段。通过对ＰＣＲ产物的克隆与序列分析,发现ＩＳＫＮＶ ＰＣＲ扩增产物与ＲＳＩＶ ＲＮＲＳ基因相应序列的同源性很高,达到９２．５％,进一步证明ＩＳＫＮＶ     

Deposition of Basement Membrane Proteins in Attachment and Neurite Formation of Cultured Murine C-1300 Neuroblastoma Cells

The deposition of the basement membrane glycoproteins, laminin, fibronectin, and type IV procollagen was studied by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy during the attachment and differentiation of murine C-1300 neuroblastoma cells. A typical cytoplasmic perinuclear staining for the basement membrane antigens was seen both in undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Freshly seeded suspended cells lacked surface fluorescence but in two hours after plating, distinct punctate laminin deposits became discernible on the ventral surface of the cells. Notably, in sparsely seeded undifferentiated cultures, the cell-associated extracellular laminin deposits could only be detected under the primary attaching cells, whereas daughter cells in clonal cell colonies lacked such fluorescence. In cultures induced to neurite formation with dibutyryl cyclic AMP, laminin deposition was also detected in association with the growing cytoplasmic extensions. No distinct differences were found between the secreted proteins of cultures of differentiated and nondifferentiated neuroblastoma cells, but the patterns of fucosylation of high-molecular weight proteins in the two cultures were markedly different. We conclude that cultured neuroblastoma cells both synthesize, secrete and deposit laminin. The distribution of laminin during neuroblastoma cell attachment and neurite extension suggests that this glycoprotein may be involved in cell–to–substratum interactions in C-1300 cell cultures.     

The Nucleocapsid Domain Is Responsible for the Ability of Spleen Necrosis Virus (SNV) Gag Polyprotein To Package both SNV and Murine Leukemia Virus RNA

Murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based vector RNA can be packaged and propagated by the proteins of spleen necrosis virus (SNV). We recently demonstrated that MLV proteins cannot support the replication of an SNV-based vector; RNA analysis revealed that MLV proteins cannot efficiently package SNV-based vector RNA. The domain in Gag responsible for the specificity of RNA packaging was identified using chimeric gag-pol expression constructs. A competitive packaging system was established by generating a cell line that expresses one viral vector RNA containing the MLV packaging signal (Psi) and another viral vector RNA containing the SNV packaging signal (E). The chimeric gag-pol expression constructs were introduced into the cells, and vector titers as well as the efficiency of RNA packaging were examined. Our data confirm that Gag is solely responsible for the selection of viral RNAs. Furthermore, the nucleocapsid (NC) domain in the SNV Gag is responsible for its ability to interact with both SNV E and MLV Psi. Replacement of the SNV NC with the MLV NC generated a chimeric Gag that could not package SNV RNA but retained its ability to package MLV RNA. A construct expressing SNV gag-MLV pol supported the replication of both MLV and SNV vectors, indicating that the gag and pol gene products from two different viruses can functionally cooperate to perform one cycle of retroviral replication. Viral titer data indicated that SNV cis-acting elements are not ideal substrates for MLV pol gene products since infectious viruses were generated at a lower efficiency. These results indicate that the nonreciprocal recognition between SNV and MLV extends beyond the Gag-RNA interaction and also includes interactions between Pol and other cis-acting elements.     

Expressed Sequence Tag Analysis of Kidney and Gill Tissues from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Infected with Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained from the kidney and gill tissues of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, infected with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). The results of single-pass sequencing of ESTs from 198 clones (AU081027–AU081192) from kidney complementary DNA and 45 clones (AU081193–AU081236) from gill cDNA are reported herein. Sequences of the cDNA clones were compared with sequences in the GenBank database. Fourteen clones (20%) appeared to be completely unknown and may represent newly described genes, whereas 158 clones (80%) were identified on the basis of matches to sequences in the database. Three of the unidentified sequences were isolated from both the kidney and the gill cDNA libraries. However, no sequences were identical between kidney and gill clones. Received December 7, 1999; accepted April 28, 2000.     

低温常压等离子体提高MDBK细胞中IBRV病毒滴度的作用与机制研究

加强病毒的繁殖可以帮助MDBK细胞生产更多的IBRV病毒用于生产灭活病毒疫苗。已证明低温常压等离子体（Cold atmospheric plasma,CAP）是一种依靠活性氧来实现MDBK细胞中病毒显著增殖的物理方法,可有效增强病毒的传播,其中牛鼻气管炎病毒（Infectious bovine rhinotrachieitis virus,IBRV）和牛肾细胞（Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney,MDBK）分别被用作模型所需病毒和细胞系。CAP被证明与病毒感染具有协同作用,可以在G2/M期阻止宿主细胞分裂增殖,降低细胞膜电位,增加细胞内钙离子水平并诱导细胞选择性自噬。通过检测免疫相关蛋白表达,CAP被证明可以抑制病毒触发的免疫原性信号传导。综上所述,我们证明了CAP触发了宿主资源对病毒繁殖的最大化,这有利于病毒疫苗的生产,并为在医疗和卫生领域应用CAP开辟了新的可能。