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对利用底物广泛的乙醇发酵菌株马克斯克鲁维(Kluyveromyces marxianus)DL1菌株与工业用乙醇发酵菌株酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)6525利用己糖(葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖)和戊糖(木糖、阿拉伯糖)的情况进行对比研究。结果发现:以己糖为底物时,K.marxianus DL1均表现出细胞生长快、乙醇得率高的特点;在不通气、糖20 g/L条件下,K.marxianus DL1的最大乙醇质量浓度均比S.cerevisiae 6525高出10%左右,细胞量及乙醇生产强度分别是S.cerevisiae 6525的近2和1.7倍。当以戊糖为底物时,K.marxianus DL1可以利用木糖和阿拉伯糖;在不通气、糖20g/L条件下,K.marxianus DL1利用木糖产木糖醇和乙醇,乙醇终质量浓度可达7.68 g/L,木糖醇质量浓度为9.12 g/L;以阿拉伯糖为发酵底物时,阿拉伯糖醇的产量可达6 g/L左右;而S.cerevisiae 6525不能利用戊糖。马克斯克鲁维酵母比酿酒酵母更适合纤维乙醇生产。 相似文献
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为获得菌株发酵菊芋生产燃料乙醇的最佳方案,首先选取实验室保存的重组菌株R32对其产酶条件进行优化,其最高产菊粉酶活性为298.8 U· mL-1,此时的最佳培养基配方为:YPG培养基为酵母粉1% (w/v),蛋白胨2% (w/v),甘油0.5% (v/v);YPM培养基为酵母粉1% (w/v),蛋白胨2% (w/v),甲醇1%(v/v);培养基pH为自然初始pH.然后选取酿酒酵母S.c和克鲁维酵母Klu,比较是否在添加重组菌株R32粗酶液条件下,两株酵母菌分别进行单独发酵和混合发酵时的产乙醇能力,以获得最佳的发酵组合.结果表明,酿酒酵母S.c和克鲁维酵母Klu在未添加重组菌株R32粗酶液时,混合一步发酵获得的乙醇含量较高,发酵84 h时乙醇含量为11.37%.添加重组菌株R32粗酶液进行两步发酵时,2株酵母菌混合发酵72 h时,乙醇含量为11.43%.2种发酵组合的最高乙醇含量以及各个发酵参数基本相同,虽然一步法发酵时间延长,但节省成本,操作简单,更适宜工业生产应用.最后对其进行正交试验优化,培养条件为菊粉浓度225 g· L-1,脲素浓度40 g·L-1,接种量15%,pH为5时,酿酒酵母菌S.c和克鲁维酵母Klu混合一步发酵法的最高乙醇体积比达11.82%. 相似文献
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植酸钠对酿酒酵母乙醇发酵的促进效应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文研究了植酸钠对酿酒酵母发酵乙醇生成量的促进效应。在酿酒酵母(AS2.431)的合成培养基中添加0.08%本室自制的植酸钠后,发现其乙醇生成量提高35.4%。植酸钠使该菌耐酒精能力增加,但对生物量影响不显著。植酸钠促进效应的有效成分为其植酸根。植酸钠对K酵母天然培养基发酵的乙醇生成量亦有极显著的促进效应,使其提高达87.9%。 相似文献
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以树干毕赤酵母和酿酒酵母为发酵菌株,酸性蒸汽爆破玉米秸秆预水解液和纯糖模拟液为C源,采用固定化酵母细胞的方法,研究了酸爆玉米秸秆预水解液初始pH、N源种类及其浓度、3种发酵模式对树干毕赤酵母戊糖发酵的影响。结果表明:玉米秸秆预水解液适合发酵的初始pH范围为6.0~7.0;1.0 g/L的(NH4)2SO4作为N源,在40 g/L葡萄糖和25 g/L木糖培养基中发酵24 h,糖利用率达到99.47%,乙醇质量浓度为24.72 g/L,优于尿素和蛋白胨作为N源;3种模式的发酵体系中,以游离树干毕赤酵母和固定化酿酒酵母发酵性能最好,糖利用率和乙醇得率分别为99.43%和96.39%。 相似文献
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燃料乙醇发酵过程中酿酒酵母细胞活性被高浓度乙醇严重抑制而导致发酵提前终止,生产强度严重降低,因此构建同时具有高耐受性、高发酵性能的菌株一直是发酵工业追求的目标。选取酿酒酵母细胞形态调节关键基因小GTP酶家族成员Rho1,构建易错PCR产物文库,以酿酒酵母S288c为出发菌株采取“富集-自然生长-复筛”的筛选策略,成功筛选得到两株乙醇胁迫耐受性与发酵性能均提高的突变株M2和M5。测序发现突变株过表达的Rho1序列出现了3~5个氨基酸的突变和大片段的缺失突变。以300 g/L起始葡萄糖进行乙醇发酵,72 h时,M2和M5的乙醇滴度比对照菌株分别提高了19.4%和22.3%,超高浓度乙醇发酵能力显著提高。本研究为利用蛋白定向进化方法改良酵母菌复杂表型提供了新的作用靶点。 相似文献
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In high gravity Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentations containing 300 g glucose l–1, daily addition of acetaldehyde to a total of 93 mM shortened the time required to ferment the first 250 g glucose l–1 from 790 h to 585 h. Acetaldehyde feeding had no effect on the ethanol yield but increased by 135%, 78% and 77% the final concentrations of 2,3-butanediol, 2-methylpropanol and acetate, while decreasing that of glycerol by 14%. Controlled acetaldehyde feeding has potential as a technique for accelerating high gravity fuel or industrial ethanol fermentations and may be useful in preventing incomplete fermentations. 相似文献
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在木质纤维素原料预处理过程中不可避免地形成抑制剂,包括糖降解产物(如5-羟甲基糠醛、糠醛)以及木质素降解的酚类化合物(如4-羟基苯甲酸、香兰素)等,这些化合物会降低发酵效率。【目的】提高酵母对纤维素水解液中的抑制物耐受性对工业生物质乙醇高效生产至关重要。【方法】采用浓度较高的糠醛和对羟基苯甲酸对模式菌株W303-1A进行梯度驯化,对比驯化菌株和出发菌株在不同抑制物浓度下的生长曲线及发酵乙醇性能;对驯化后菌株和出发菌株进行高通量基因组重测序,分析其糖代谢途径和耐药性相关的变异点基因,对与耐抑制物有关的变异点进行分析挖掘。【结果】在含有2.0 g/L糠醛的培养基中,F-2菌的乙醇产量为19.40 g/L,比原始菌株高2倍。在含有1.6 g/L糠醛和对羟基苯甲酸的培养基中,B-2菌的最高乙醇产量为20.22 g/L,是原始菌株的7.6倍。通过对出发菌株和驯化后菌株进行高通量基因组重测序发现,糖代谢途径中编码乙醇脱氢酶、果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶和丙酮酸脱氢酶的基因发生部分突变,而YAP1 (参与氧化应激反应和氧化还原稳态的转录激活剂)、PDR5 (耐多种化学物质的多效ABC外运载体)和RPN4(锌指蛋白)基因的部分突变对酿酒酵母的耐抑制物具有重要作用。【结论】研究结果为进一步优化和构建模式菌株提供更多的操作靶点。 相似文献
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【目的】在酿酒酵母体内设计代谢通路,使酿酒酵母能利用纤维素水解产物纤维二糖生产乙醇。【方法】首先,用大肠杆菌DH5α总DNA为模板克隆编码大肠杆菌乳糖透过酶的LacY基因。为过表达LacY基因,以质粒YEplac181作为载体,将酿酒酵母PGK1p强启动子加到LacY基因之前,CYC1t终止子加到LacY基因之后,构建质粒YEplac181-PGK1p-LacY-CYC1t。之后,将纤维二糖转运蛋白LacY表达质粒和β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-glucosidase,BGL)表达质粒pRS316-PGK1p-gh1-1-CYC1t依次转入野生型酿酒酵母W303-1A中,使野生型酿酒酵母W303-1A异源表达可转运纤维二糖的LacY蛋白和β-葡萄糖苷酶GH1-1,构建可利用纤维二糖的酿酒酵母工程菌W303-1A GL。最后,通过发酵测定酿酒酵母工程菌W303-1A GL的纤维二糖利用情况和乙醇产量,并对纤维二糖代谢通路中纤维二糖酶活力进行测定。【结果】本研究构建了纤维二糖转运蛋白LacY和β-葡萄糖苷酶GH1-1协同表达的酿酒酵母工程菌W303-1AGL。W303-1AGL可以有效利用纤维二糖发酵生产乙醇,W303-1A GL发酵24 h时乙醇产量达到3.25 g/L,得率为0.325 g乙醇/g纤维二糖,利用葡萄糖产乙醇理论得率为0.511 g乙醇/g纤维二糖,达到葡萄糖产乙醇理论得率的64%,细胞密度最高在第54 h达到OD600=10.84,胞内β-葡萄糖苷酶的酶活在72 h最高,可达到0.51 U/mg。【结论】本研究成功构建了能有效利用纤维二糖的重组酿酒酵母工程菌W303-1A GL,为提高纤维素乙醇生产效率、降低纤维素乙醇生产成本提供了新思路。 相似文献
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【目的】本论文研究酿酒酵母srp4039突变基因对酵母细胞异丁醇耐受性的影响。【方法】首先,以酿酒酵母野生型W303-1A和突变株EMS39染色体DNA为模板克隆野生型SRP40基因和srp4039突变基因;然后,将野生型SRP40基因和srp4039突变基因分别连接到质粒YCplac22上,构建质粒YCplac22-SRP40和YCplac22-srp4039。将质粒YCplac22-SRP40、YCplac22-srp4039以及YCplac22空质粒分别转化入野生型酿酒酵母W303-1A中,分别得到W303-1A-SRP40工程菌、W303-1A-srp4039工程菌和W303-1A-control工程菌。将3株工程菌分别置于含1.0%异丁醇、1.3%异丁醇、8.0%乙醇和0.5%异戊醇的CM培养基中进行发酵,测定细胞密度(OD600)和生长情况,并计算2–10 h的比生长速率(μ)。将3株工程菌于55°C热激4 min后做稀释... 相似文献
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Development of novel carrier using natural zeolite and continuous ethanol fermentation with immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a bioreactor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sho Shindo Susumu Takata Haruo Taguchi Noboru Yoshimura 《Biotechnology letters》2001,23(24):2001-2004
A natural zeolite, easily vitrified and blown at 1300 °C with a high porosity and diam. of 5–100 m, was used to immobilize Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 3.6 × 108 cells ml–1 carrier. When the abilities of natural zeolite carrier were compared with glass beads, the capacity for immobilization and alcohol fermentation activity were, respectively, 2-fold higher and 1.2-fold higher than that of glass beads. Continuous alcohol fermentation was stable for over 21 d without breakage of the carrier. 相似文献
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Facts,myths and legends on the prime industrial microorganism 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Ann Vaughan-Martini Alessandro Martini 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1995,14(6):514-522
Summary Archaic speculations and firmly established legends regarding the origin of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae and related species are revisited in light of past and recent ecological evidence pointing to a strict association with artificial, man-made environments such as wineries and fermentation plants. The nomenclature within this industrially important group is also discussed in view of the modifications imposed from application of molecular techniques to classification.This paper is dedicated to Professor Herman Jan Phaff in honor of his 50 years of active research which still continues. 相似文献
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Novel additives that act as substratum for attachment of the yeast cells, increased ethanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The addition of 2 g rice husk, straw, wood shavings, plastic pieces or silica gel to 100 ml medium enhanced ethanol production by 30–40 (v/v). Six distillery strains showed an average enhancement of 34 from 4.1 (v/v) in control to 5.5 (v/v) on addition of rice husk. The cell wall bound glycogen increased by 40–50 mg g –1 dry yeast while intracellular glycogen decreased by 10–12 mg g–1 dry yeast in cells grown in presence of substratum 相似文献
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S S Win A Impoolsup A Noomhorm 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1996,16(2):117-123
Growth kinetics ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae in glucose syrup from cassava starch and sugarcane molasses were studied using batch and fed-batch cultivation. The optimum temperature and pH required for growth were 30°C and pH 5.5, respectively. In batch culture the productivity and overall cell yield were 0.31 g L–1 h–1 and 0.23 g cells g–1 sugar, respectively, on glucose syrup and 0.22 g L–1 h–1 and 0.18 g cells g–1 sugar, respectively, on molasses. In fed-batch cultivation, a productivity of 3.12 g L–1 h–1 and an overall cell yield of 0.52 g cells g–1 sugar in glucose syrup cultivation and a productivity of 2.33 g L–1 h–1 and an overall cell yield of 0.46 g cells g–1 sugar were achieved in molasses cultivation by controlling the reducing sugar concentration at its optimum level obtained from the fermentation model. By using an on-line ethanol sensor combined with a porous Teflon® tubing method in automating the feeding of substrate in the fed-batch culture, a productivity of 2.15 g L–1 h–1 with a yield of 0.47 g cells g–1 sugar was achieved using glucose syrup as substrate when ethanol concentration was kept at a constant level by automatic control. 相似文献
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During the oscillatory phase of an undisturbed continuous ethanol fermentation of sugar-cane blackstrap molasses, the relative ethanol yield oscillated between 70 and 92% of the theoretical value (0.511), while its actual value was 85.6%. The ethanol yield based on catabolic activity oscillated between 0.290 and 1.174 g/kcal, while its actual value was 0.686 g/kcal. The specific production rate of ethanol increased when the specific growth rate of the yeast cells increased; a linear equation correlates the above specific rates. 相似文献