课堂之外——微生物学“翻转课堂”的改革实践

介绍了华中农业大学在微生物学教学过程中进行"翻转课堂"的教学改革实践,从课堂教学、课后作业、课程论文、主题讨论、在线答疑等方面积极引导学生在生活中自主学习微生物学相关知识,将"翻转课堂"与传统课堂相结合,实现了教学由"课程传授"向"知识内化"转变,学生不仅掌握了微生物学相关知识,而且能够自主串联、主动学习,真正实现了课堂翻转。     

微生物学实验技术课程“五阶段”翻转课堂教学模式的探索与实践

依据研究型实验教学的特点及混合式教学的相关理论,探索将“五阶段”翻转课堂教学模式应用于高校实验教学,并以微生物学实验技术课程为例,重点论述该“五阶段”翻转课堂教学模式的设计思路,即学生课前进行自主学习及实验设计,课堂上以学生为主体进行讨论,之后进行开放式实验实施,最后以课堂展示及课后总结的形式进行实验反思。进一步分析该模式的实施效果,探讨其优势及不足,为翻转课堂教学模式在实践类课程中的应用提供借鉴,以期更好地达成培养学生科研思维及创新能力的目标。     

非环境专业《环境微生物学》教学体系的建立研究*

对非环境专业《环境微生物学》教学体系进行了系统研究,制定了教学大纲、明确了教学目的、选定了教材、确定了教学内容。在教学计划具体实施中以理论课教学、实验课教学、资料查询、课程报告、课堂讨论和工厂参观等教学环节相结合,使学生系统地掌握环境微生物学的基本原理和方法,同时注重对学生进行全方位科学素质培养。     

非环境专业《环境微生物学》教学体系的建立研究

对非环境专业《环境微生物学》教学体系进行了系统研究。制定了教学大纲,明确了教学目的,选定了教材,确定了教学内容,在教学计划具体实施中以理论课教学,实验课教学,资料查询,课程报告,课堂讨论和工厂参观等教学环节相结合,使学生系统地掌握环境微生物学的基本原理和方法,同时注重对学生进行全方位科学素质培养。     

“医学微生物学”慕课与翻转课堂混合式教学与传统式教学的比较

在"以学生为中心"的课堂教学改革中,需关注的主要问题是学生满意度和学生的表现。北华大学基础医学院"医学微生物学"慕课(Massive Open Online Courses,MOOC)是吉林省精品视频公开课,为充分发挥MOOC的优势,更好体现"以学生为中心"的教学理念,医学微生物学教研室采用基于慕课的翻转课堂(Flipped Classroom,FC)混合式教学模式进行了课堂教学改革。教学团队详细比较了临床医学专业中采用慕课与翻转课堂混合式教学模式与传统讲授模式在"医学微生物学"课程的教学效果,并对学生进行了2种教学方式的学习满意度调查。2组的独立样本t检验结果表明,MOOCFC混合式教学方式未影响学生考试成绩,2种教学模式下学生的表现及这2种教学方法有效性是相同的;成绩分析表明,实验组学生分析问题及解决问题的能力显著提升;调查反馈表明,学生对MOOCFC混合式教学中的自我学习能力与团队协作意识的提高更加满意,并且更喜欢MOOCFC课程所具有的灵活性及主动性。     

翻转课堂教学模式在组织学与胚胎学教学中的探索与实践

目的探讨翻转课堂教学模式在组织学与胚胎学教学中的应用及效果,寻求一种新的教学思路。方法以2016级检验、护理专业2个班作为研究对象,检验班57人为实验组,采用翻转课堂教学模式,护理班59人作为对照组,采用传统教学模式。通过实验、理论考试和问卷调查方式进行分析,评价教学效果。结果采用翻转课堂教学模式的实验组平均成绩明显优于采用传统教学模式的对照组;问卷调查显示实验组对翻转课堂教学模式普遍感到满意。结论在组织学与胚胎学教学中采用翻转课堂教学模式,充分体现"以学生为中心"的教学理念,能提高学生的自主学习、团队协作、分析问题、解决问题及创新思维等能力,从而提升教学效果,同时也促进教师教学水平和教育信息化技术能力的提高。     

案例式教学法在医学微生物学教学中的应用

在医学微生物学教学中采用案例式教学法要注重教材的选取、多媒体课件的制备、备课及课堂组织教学等方面。案例式教学法可以激发学生学习的积极性,提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,同时促进教师专业水平的提高。教学过程中重视相关问题的出现并积极加以解决。     

植物化学全线上轻翻转教学实践探索

为响应教育部"停课不停学"的号召,我校积极开展线上教学。以植物化学为例,经教学结构重组、教学内容筛选、教学活动设计,结合任务式分组讨论、嵌套慕课堂等教学方式开展课堂教学。通过模块规划、重难点剖析,设计翻转环节,构建了基于ZOOM嵌套慕课的全线上轻翻转教学模式,突出了对学生能力的培养,教学效果良好。本文就相关教学方法与成效进行了总结,为网络教学、线上线下混合信息化创新教学积累经验。     

“太极环式”翻转课堂教学模式在基础生命支持教学中的应用研究

目的探讨"太极环式"翻转课堂教学模式对基础生命支持教学效果的影响。方法随机选取在某教学医院接受实习岗前培训的实习生60名,分为干预组("太极环式'翻转课堂组)30名和对照组(LBL组)30名,干预组以"太极环式"翻转课堂教学模式教学,对照组以LBL教学模式教学,教学内容均为《基础生命支持实施人员手册》中的第1部分"一般概念"、第2部分"成人BLS",并观察比较两组教学效果。结果课程结束时和实习结束时,干预组BLS理论知识考核成绩均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而且对照组实习结束时的BLS理论知识考核成绩显著低于课程结束时(P0.05);课程结束时和实习结束时,干预组BLS实践操作考核成绩均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论从对知识的掌握及运用的效果来看,"太极环式"翻转课堂教学模式明显优于LBL教学模式。建议有条件的学校,选取教学经验丰富、课堂把控能力强的教师多开展"太极环式"翻转课堂教学模式,这有利于学生对知识的理解及掌握。     

基于微视频的翻转课堂在医学微生物学实验教学中的探索

翻转课堂是一种新兴的、打破固有的教学模式,能够突破传统微生物实验教学受学时、生物安全、场地等方面的限制,故在暨南大学医学微生物学实验教学中引入基于微视频的翻转课堂教学模式,并通过学习效果和认可度进行评价.研究表明,翻转课堂能够提高学生的教学成绩,促进知识的内化吸收并提高知识应用能力.95.31％的学生对该模式评价为满意...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.