影响细胞培养实验室紫外线消毒效果的因素及对策

对细胞培养室应用紫外线照射消毒的影响因素进行了探讨,找出主要影响紫外照射消毒效果的几个原因,如管理意识、辐射强度、灯管的使用与保养、环境温度与湿度、电压、照射距离与照射时间等问题,并提出了相应的解决方法,以保证紫外线照射消毒的效果。     

流感快检法与病毒分离法检测结果的比较

实验中用流感快检法和病毒分离法同时对61份标本进行检测,并进行了比较,快检法的阳性预测值为100%,阴性预测值为40.9%,两种方法的符合率为57.3%。结果表明,快检方法可以作为快速的辅助手段。     

Vero细胞培养流行性感冒病毒的研究

探索Vero细胞培养流感病毒和用于研制流感疫苗的可行性。确立Vero细胞培养流感病毒的最适条件,把流感病毒接种于Vero细胞上培养和传代,于不同时间收获病毒液,进行灭活和超滤浓缩实验,检测血凝素滴度(HA)。结果表明胰酶、pH值、残留牛血清是流感病毒在Vero细胞培养的影响因素,最佳收毒时间为72-96小时。Vero细胞上培养流感病毒的4～7代,HA滴度较高。病毒液用0．05％福尔马林4℃,7天即可灭活,用超滤技术能浓缩流感病毒液。Vero细胞可用于流感病毒的培养和疫苗的开发。     

薄层细胞培养在细胞分化研究中的应用

在薄层培养中,不同的器官(如花芽、营养芽、根以及单细胞毛)可以从外植体上直接(不经过愈伤组织)分化出来。在烟草的薄层培养中,所有器官都起源于亚表皮细胞。器官的分化受控于植物激素、糖、多胺、寡聚糖等化学物质以及母体植株的生理状态。环境因素(如光)和生化因素(如核酸、酶)对器官分化影响的研究,都还处于探索性研究阶段。     

宠物鸟H3N8亚型流行性感冒病毒NA基因分子特征性分析

虽然流行性感冒(流感)病毒的自然宿主是野生水禽类,作为宠物的雀形目鸟(Passeriformes)不代表流感病毒主要储存库,但Stallknecht和Shane 1988年对21318份鸟的样品分析后发现,雀形目鸟中流感病毒的分离率占2．9％,表明雀形目鸟在流感病毒储存库中起着一定的作用。另外,这类鸟种类繁多,分布于世界各地,国际贸易又加强了这类鸟在世界范围的流动性,     

SARS病毒:非典型肺炎相关病毒

SARS是目前在世界范围内流行的严重呼吸系统疾病。SARS病毒是有包膜的正链RNA病毒,属冠状病毒科,为新近分离鉴定的该疾病相关病原体。初步预测该病毒的复制周期与其他冠状病毒类似,但其细胞膜受体结合蛋白S的S1区、M跨膜糖蛋白等部分则存在较大的变异,可能是该病毒发生宿主改变的原因之一。此外,对SARS病毒的检测、临床诊断等方面也取得了一定的进展。     

四种动物病毒的细胞培养及血凝检测的比较研究

四种动物病毒的细胞培养及血凝检测的比较研究李天宪,赵林,罗怡珊,冯锋（中国科学院武汉病毒研究所,武汉４３００７１）关键词细小病毒,细胞培养,细胞病变,血凝试验云豹肠炎病毒（ＬＰＶ）、水貂肠炎病毒（ＭＥＶ）、犬肠炎病毒（ＣＰＶ）和猫泛白细胞减少症病毒（...     

流行性感冒相关细胞因子的研究进展

流行性感冒(简称流感)是由流感病毒引起的一种急性上呼吸道传染病,其中甲型流感由于抗原变异率高而受到广泛关注。流感病毒感染机体后,细胞因子一方面参与机体抗流感免疫应答,发挥免疫调节作用,即在天然免疫阶段,白细胞介素、肿瘤坏死因子α等炎性细胞因子参与调节机体免疫应答强度、介导炎症反应的发生并启动适应性免疫应答,最终清除流感病毒;另一方面,炎性细胞因子的过度表达会引发细胞因子表达失调,对机体造成严重的病理损伤。     

上海2009甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒全基因组分析

2009年全球暴发2009甲型H1N1流行性感冒(简称流感)疫情,上海于2009年5月出现第1例输入型病例。为了解上海地区输入型2009甲型H1N1流感病毒的生物学特征,以上海较早发现的2例输入型甲型H1N1流感患者作为研究对象,分离出A/Shanghai/37T/2009和A/Shanghai/71T/2009病毒,利用实时定量荧光反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)鉴定病毒,通过扫描透射电子显微镜观察、免疫荧光检测、全基因组测序和生物信息软件分析,对这2株流感病毒形态、结构、耐药性、基因特点和病毒型别等进行研究。结果显示,病毒呈现正黏病毒颗粒形态特征;犬肾(MDCK)细胞内的病毒能与患者恢复期血清反应。此2株病毒的全基因核酸序列和氨基酸序列与美国参考株A/California/04/2009(H1N1)有较高同源性,其中第31位氨基酸残基发生改变。对金刚烷胺耐药,而对奥司他韦敏感。基于全基因组的系统发育分析,确认此2株病毒属2009甲型H1N1流感病毒。     

Properties of influenza C virus grown in cell culture.

Influenza C virus was propagated successfully in primary chicken embryo lung (CEL) and fibroblast cells and in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. In other cell lines, either no virus or only noninfectious hemagglutinin (HA) was produced. In productively infected cells (CEL), HA and infectious virus appeared by 24 h and reached a maximum by 36 to 48 h, cell-associated virus remaining at a constant low level. Infected Vero cells produced noninfective HA by 24 h which also remained predominantly cell associated until 60 to 72 h, when the cells disintegrated. Viral antigen was demonstrable on membranes of both CEL- and Vero-infected cells at 24 h; Vero cells yielded membrane vesicles containing HA, but none of the spherical or filamentous viral particles synthesized in CEL cells. Influenza C virus produced in cell culture or in eggs differed in several important respects from A and B viruses and from Newcastle diseases virus. All influenza C preparations, regardless of infectivity or source, lacked detectable neuraminidase activity, yet retained the ability specifically to inactivate receptors only for influenza C. Influenza C HA was not inhibited by soluble glycoproteins highly active against HA of A virus. A rat serum glycoprotein uniquely inhibited influenza C by binding to the surface components of virious.     

Antimycotic-antibiotic amphotericin B promotes influenza virus replication in cell culture

In general, antibiotics are not rated as substances that inhibit or support influenza virus replication. We describe here the enhancing effect of the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B (AmB) on influenza virus growth in Vero cells. We show that isolation rates of influenza A and B viruses from clinical samples can be dramatically enhanced by adding AmB to the culture medium. We demonstrate that AmB promotes the viral uptake and endocytic processing of the virus particles. This effect is specific for Vero and human nasal epithelial cells and was not observed in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The effect of AmB was subtype specific and more prominent for human seasonal influenza strains but absent for H5N1 human viruses. The AmB-enhancing effect seemed to be solely due to the viral hemagglutinin function. Our results indicate that the use of AmB may facilitate influenza virus isolation and production in Vero cells.     

Influence of environmental factors on virus detection by RT-PCR and cell culture

The effects of clay, humic acid, u.v. light and shellfish tissue residues on the detection of poliovirus type 2 from environmental samples by culture and RT-PCR were investigated. RT-PCR showed 10-100 times greater sensitivity for PV2 detection in the absence of sample contaminants than did culture by plaque assay in BGM cell monolayers. Bentonite clay (100-1000 mg l-1) and shellfish tissue residues reduced virus detection by plaque assay, but the effect of bentonite was mitigated by simple elution procedures. Bentonite clay, humic acid (5-150 mg l-1) and mussel tissue reduced virus detection by RT-PCR by between 1 and 8 logs, although this was mitigated in part by elution and Sephadex filtration of extracts. Sephadex filtration of samples reduced culturable PV2 by 32-50%. Exposure of PV2 in water to u.v. light reduced culturability of PV2 but not detection by RT-PCR. This study demonstrates that virus detection in environmental samples is strongly influenced by naturally occurring substances and disinfection approaches. The accuracy of results of viral analyses of this nature should be carefully scrutinized with respect to sample constituents.     

流感病毒在Vero细胞系与MDCK细胞系增殖条件的比较

目的研究流感病毒H1N1及其他亚型在Vero细胞系和MDCK细胞系高效增殖的最适条件,比较两种细胞系对流感病毒的敏感性差异及影响敏感性差异的条件。方法在培养好的Vero细胞系与MDCK细胞系用不同的病毒感染复数(M.O.I)、胰酶浓度、病毒吸附时间、病毒维持液血清质量浓度等条件进行流感病毒在细胞上的增殖。结果在M.O.I为0.01接种流感病毒,吸附时间为1 h,胰酶质量浓度2μg/mL,血清质量浓度为8%时,流感病毒血凝素在MDCK细胞系可获得较高的滴度。结论 MDCK细胞系是适于流感病毒培养的细胞,它作为生产新型流感病毒疫苗的主要细胞基质需要进一步的研究。     

Mechanisms of cell entry by influenza virus

A wide range of viruses, including many human and animal pathogens representing various taxonomic groups, contain genomes that are enclosed in lipid envelopes. These envelopes are generally acquired in the final stages of assembly, as viruses bud from regions of the membrane of the infected cell at which virally encoded membrane proteins have accumulated. The viruses procure their membranes during this process and mature particles 'pinch off' from the cellular membranes. Under most circumstances, initiation of another round of infection is dependent on two critical functions supplied by the envelope proteins. The virus must bind to cell-surface receptors of a new host cell, and fusion of the viral and cellular membranes must occur to transfer the viral genome into the cell. Enveloped viruses have evolved a variety of mechanisms to execute these two basic functions. Owing to their relative simplicity, studies of binding and fusion using enveloped viruses and their components have contributed significantly to the overall understanding of receptor-ligand interactions and membrane fusion processes - fundamental activities involved in a plethora of biological functions.     

High-density microcarrier cell cultures for influenza virus production

Influenza virus A/PR/8/34 virus propagation in adherent Madin-Darby canine kidney cells in high-density microcarrier cultures is described. To improve virus yields, perfusion and repeated fed-batch modes were applied using cell-specific feed rates. Cell densities up to 1.1 × 10(7) cells/mL were achieved. Cell-specific virus yields in high-density cultures were at similar levels compared with standard, low-density cultivations. In the average 2,400 and 3,300 virions per cell were obtained for two variants of the virus strain A/PR/8/34, PR8-National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) and PR8-Robert Koch Institute, respectively. Maximum virus titer (HA activity = 1,778 HAU/100 μL) for virus variant PR8-NIBSC was obtained for a cultivation infected before maximum cell concentration was reached.     

Search for additional influenza virus to cell interactions

Sialyl oligosaccharides have long been considered to be the sole receptors for influenza virus. However, according to [1] some viruses are able to grow in sialic-free MDCK cells. Here we attempted to reveal a possible second, non-sialic receptor, hypothesizing the involvement of additional carbohydrate lectin recognition in influenza virus reception process, first of all in situations when a lectin of the host cell could recognize the viral carbohydrate ligand. We tested the presence of galactose- and sialic acid-binding lectins, as well as mannoside- and sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine-recognizing properties of MDCK and Vero cells using polyacrylamide neoglycoconjugates and antibodies. MDCK cells bind galactoside probes stronger than Vero cells, whereas Vero cells bind preferentially sialoside, mannoside and various sulfo-oligosaccharide probes. The probing of viruses with the neoglycoconjugates revealed specific 6′-HSO ₃ LacNAc (but not other sulfated oligosaccharides) binding property of A and B human strains. Affinity of 6′-HSO ₃ LacNAc probe was comparable with affinity of 6′-SiaLac probe but the binding was not inhibited by the sialooligosaccharide.