PPARγ agonists induce a white-to-brown fat conversion through stabilization of PRDM16 protein

1. Download : Download high-res image (160KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? PPARγ full agonists induce a brown fat phenotype in subcutaneous WAT ? PRDM16 is required for the development of PPARγ agonist-inducible brow adipocytes ? PRDM16 and PPARγ agonists synergistically activate the brown fat gene program ? Browning effect is mediated through the enhanced stability of the PRDM16 protein     

Structural and Functional Integration of the PLCγ Interaction Domains Critical for Regulatory Mechanisms and Signaling Deregulation

1. Download : Download high-res image (312KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Domains from PLCγ regulatory region show structural and functional integration ? Only cSH2 domain interacts with the PLC-core forming a high affinity surface ? Activation involves removal of autoinhibition and dissociation from the receptor ? Disease-linked mutations map to the autoinhibitory interface     

EBF2 Determines and Maintains Brown Adipocyte Identity

1. Download : Download high-res image (128KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Ebf2 is selectively expressed in brown relative to white adipocytes and binds to chromatin at brown fat-specific target sites of Pparγ ? Ebf2 expression in white fat or muscle precursor cells recruits Pparγ to its brown fat-specific gene targets and drives a complete program of brown adipocyte differentiation ? Brown adipose cells and tissue from Ebf2-deficient mice display a complete loss of thermogenic characteristics while gaining molecular attributes of white adipose     

Inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A activity by PI3Kγ regulates β-adrenergic receptor function

1. Download : Download high-res image (376KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? PI3Kγ inhibits βAR resensitization by regulating PP2A activity ? PI3Kγ inhibits PP2A activity by phosphorylating I2PP2A on Serine 9 and 93 ? Phosphorylation of I2PP2A leads to its agonist-mediated interaction with PP2A ? siRNA-targeted depletion of I2PP2A results in βAR resensitization     

Activated CaMKII Couples GluN2B and Casein Kinase 2 to Control Synaptic NMDA Receptors

1. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Activated CaMKII recruits CK2 to form a trimolecular complex (GluN2B/CaMKII/CK2) ? GluN2B/CaMKII binding controls CK2 phosphorylation of the GluN2B PDZ ligand (S1480) ? Disruption of GluN2B/CaMKII binding increases GluN2B surface expression ? GluN2B/CaMKII binding drives synaptic GluN2B clearance     

A Genome-wide RNAi Screen Reveals a Trio-Regulated Rho GTPase Circuitry Transducing Mitogenic Signals Initiated by G Protein-Coupled Receptors

1. Download : Download high-res image (239KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Human cancers harbor frequent mutations in Gq-linked GPCRs and Gα_q subunits ? A genome-wide RNAi screen revealed that Trio is essential for activating AP-1 via Gα_q ? A network of Trio-regulated Rho GTPases and MAPKs links Gq to the nucleus ? A hard-wired Gq-Trio signaling axis promotes the growth of many human malignancies     

Structural basis for substrate targeting and catalysis by fungal polysaccharide monooxygenases

1. Download : Download high-res image (185KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? 1.1/1.37 Å polysaccharide monooxygenases structures have active-site dioxygen species ? The structures reveal a large variance in substrate binding surfaces ? Proposed electron transport pathways in polysaccharide monooxygenases are conserved ? Polysaccharide monooxygenases and CBM₃₃ enzymes likely bind substrates differently     

Electrobiocommodities: powering microbial production of fuels and commodity chemicals from carbon dioxide with electricity

1. Download : Download high-res image (218KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights► Microbes can efficiently reduce CO₂ to organic commodities with electrical energy. ► Direct electrode-to-microbe electron transfer can support anaerobic CO₂ respiration. ► Electrochemically generated H₂ can support anaerobic or aerobic CO₂ reduction. ► Anaerobic CO₂ respiration yields high recovery of electrons in organic commodities. ► If scalable, electrobiocommodities could revolutionize biocommodity production.     

Improving the accuracy of macromolecular structure refinement at 7 Å resolution

1. Download : Download high-res image (217KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Improved models by DEN refinement at 7 Å ? Best method is DEN refinement with initial segmented rigid-body refinement ? R_free has predictive power at 7 Å     

Tangled Up in Knots: Structures of Inactivated Forms of E. coli Class Ia Ribonucleotide Reductase

1. Download : Download high-res image (506KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Two structures of inactivated RNRs show two concatenated α₄β₄ rings in the crystal ? Solution scattering shows rings interlock in the presence of crystallization solution ? Electron microscopy shows open and incomplete states of ring formation ? Mechanism of protein ring concatenation by ring opening and closing is proposed     

Crystal Structure of the Yeast Vacuolar ATPase Heterotrimeric EGChead Peripheral Stalk Complex

1. Download : Download high-res image (322KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Two conformations of yeast V-ATPase EGC_head peripheral stalk complex were solved ? The EG heterodimer of the eukaryotic V-ATPase forms a noncanonical coiled coil ? Subunit G contains a conserved random coiled bulge that interrupts the coiled coil ? The EGC_head interaction represents an important target for therapeutic development     

Histone Acetylation Regulates Intracellular pH

1. Download : Download high-res image (380KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Global levels of histone acetylation change in response to pH_i alterations ? Histone deacetylation and acetate transport through H⁺-coupled MCTs regulates pH_i ? Proliferation of T cells results in increases in pH_i and global histone acetylation ? HDAC and MCT inhibitors decrease pH_i     

Sperm from Sneaker Male Squids Exhibit Chemotactic Swarming to CO2

1. Download : Download high-res image (176KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Small, sneaky squid males produce spermatozoa that swarm to CO₂ ? Sneaker, but not consort, sperm acidify their intracellular pH due to extracellular acidification by carbonic anhydrase ? Recovery from intracellular acidosis evokes Ca²⁺-dependent chemotactic swarming ? Swarming by sneaker sperm might be an evolutionary adaptation to mating tactics     

Peroxiredoxin stabilization of DE-cadherin promotes primordial germ cell adhesion

1. Download : Download high-res image (222KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The peroxiredoxin, Jafrac1, controls primordial germ cell adhesion during gastrulation ? H₂O₂ treatment of Drosophila embryos reduces DE-cadherin and β-catenin levels ? Increasing DE-cadherin levels is sufficient to rescue the Jafrac1 phenotype ? Jafrac1 stabilizes the level of adherens junction components in Drosophila embryos     

Targeting the Cell Wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Structure and Mechanism of L,D-Transpeptidase 2

1. Download : Download high-res image (171KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The structure of Mtb Ldt_Mt2 shows the binding of a peptidoglycan fragment ? The structure of the complex maps the interaction between acyl donor and enzyme ? Ldts show a conserved C-terminal ykuD domain with a divergent N-terminal domain ? Based on the structure of this complex, a reaction mechanism is proposed     

Structure of the PolIIIα-τc-DNA Complex Suggests an Atomic Model of the Replisome

1. Download : Download high-res image (457KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Crystal structure of the DNA polymerase IIIα in complex with τ_c and a DNA substrate ? τ_c interacts with the C-terminal domain of PolIIIα through its C-terminal helix and the loop that follows it ? PolIIIα in complex with τ_c and DNA displays an open form ? The structure of this complex suggests an atomic model of the bacterial replisome