过敏性紫癜兔模型的免疫学改变及机制初探

目的通过对过敏性紫癜兔模型免疫学改变的初步研究,探讨该病的免疫学发病机制。方法通过对过敏性紫癜兔模型进行血常规检测、ELISA方法检测免疫细胞及细胞因子CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8、IL-2、TNF-α含量;免疫荧光方法检测皮肤、肾脏免疫球蛋白IgA,IgG及补体C3;肾小球Masson染色、PAS染色;皮肤、肺组织的Luna染色等,并与对照组进行比较分析。结果与对照组相比,模型组兔血白细胞（WBC）增多,中性粒细胞（NEU）及百分比增高,嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）及百分比增高,嗜碱性粒细胞增多等,差别均具有统计学意义;外周血CD3＋T淋巴细胞含量减少,CD4＋T淋巴细胞含量减少,CD8＋T淋巴细胞含量增多,CD4＋/CD8＋比值下降,细胞因子IL-2水平下降,TNF-α水平升高,差别均具有统计学意义;皮肤、肾脏免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、C3表达增多;肾小球胶原纤维增生,系膜增厚,系膜基质增多;皮肤真皮层及肺组织内嗜酸性粒细胞表达增多。结论将为明确其发病机制,临床诊断和疗效观察找出新的指标,选择适当的治疗方案提供有价值的理论依据。     

小儿过敏性紫癜45例的护理

目的 探讨小儿过敏性紫癜的护理.方法 针对邢台市人民医院收洽的小儿过敏性紫瘢患儿出现的症状制定一系列的护理措施.结果 45例治愈出院.结论 通过精心细致的护理,有利于过敏性紫瘢患儿的治疗,减少并发症.     

支原体感染引起的过敏性紫癜17例报告

1临床资料 我院儿科2002年6月至2003年2月共收治过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿68例,均符合吴瑞萍主编的《实用儿科学》中HSP的诊断标准.68例中经血清测定抗体支原体(MP)IgM阳性17例(占25%).17例中,男11例,女6例,年龄3～12岁.17例均有皮肤紫癜,其中普通型6例,伴关节肿痛4例,伴肾脏损害2例,伴腹痛5例.17例患儿均给予维生素C、钙剂、止血敏及息斯敏治疗,常规应用阿奇霉素0.01g·kg-1·d-1静脉注射7～10天,其中腹痛型者配合肾上腺皮质激素.治疗10～18天后紫癜完全消退,各损害脏器恢复正常,随访半年,无1例复发.     

血清IL-8在过敏性紫癜的表达及意义

目的:研究血清白介素-8(IL-8)在过敏性紫癜(HSP)中的表达及意义。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测和比较过敏性紫癜急性期(包括紫癜性肾炎、非紫癜性肾炎)患儿、过敏性紫癜恢复期患儿、健康体检儿童血清IL-8的含量。结果:过敏性紫癜急性期患儿血清IL-8含量显著高于过敏性紫癜恢复期患儿和健康儿童(P0.05),而过敏性紫癜恢复期、健康儿童血清IL-8含量比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。紫癜性肾炎患儿、非紫癜性肾炎患儿的血清IL-8含量均明显高于健康儿童,且非紫癜性肾炎血清IL-8含量显著低于紫癜性肾炎患儿(P0.05)。结论:急性期过敏性紫癜患儿血清IL-8含量上调,可能参与了过敏性紫癜的发生,并可能与紫癜性肾炎的发生有关。     

中医治疗小儿过敏性紫癜概况

过敏性紫癜又称许兰-亨诺血管炎,是一种非血小板减少性紫瘀,皮疹为一种高出皮肤的瘀血水肿斑,这种可以触及的紫斑及关节炎、腹痛、肾脏病变四大表现是本病的重要特征,尤以皮疹最有特点。目前,其病因尚不清楚,可能与部分病人药物过敏有关,也有人在上呼吸道感染（链球菌多见）之后发病,各种食物过敏、虫咬、寒冷等因素也是诱因之一,部分病人无明显诱因。儿童发病多于成年入,以2～8岁最多见,男孩发病率高于女孩。预后大多良好,一般数月内恢复。但有少数病人疗程迁延,有肾脏病变者可能在5～10年内仍有尿常规异常。少数病人长年反复,     

1例过敏性紫癜误诊为溃疡病出血

1　临床资料患儿,男,1 3岁,因反复腹痛、呕吐、便血6天入院。腹痛位于上腹部及脐周围,持续性隐痛,阵发性加剧,频繁呕吐胃内容物,大量柏油样血便,每日1～2次,每次约30 0 g。既往无胃病史。体检:皮肤无紫癜,心肺未见异常,肝脾未触及,上腹部轻压痛。血压1 0 /6k Pa,白细胞1 2×1 0 9/L,中性0 .86,淋巴细胞0 .1 2 ,酸性粒细胞0 .0 2 ,血红蛋白70 g/L ,血小板1 47×1 0 9/L,尿蛋白( + ) ,尿红细胞( ++ )。肝功能正常,乙肝标志阴性。入院后每日柏油样血便2～3次,每次1 0 0～2 0 0 g,胃镜检查示胃小弯处有一个小溃疡,给予西咪替丁,洛赛克按常规剂…     

儿童过敏性紫癜30 例临床分析

目的：探讨儿童过敏性紫癜〈HSP）的临床特点。方法：对30例过敏性紫癜患儿的发病特点、临床表现、预后进行分析。结果：①诱因：感染进食特殊食物、接种疫苗。②有消化道症状者中以腹痛为最常见。其中4例被误诊为急性阑尾炎、肠套叠、上消化道出血、急性细菌性痢疾。⑤有肾脏受累者挖例。其中12例同时存在消化道症状③预后：28例治愈好转,占93．33％,1例于2年后再次发病。结论：①HSP患病率有逐年升高趋势。发病诱因以感染为第一位。患者中可表现较多的肾外症状,较易发生肾功能损害,及时诊断与治疗十分重要。     

益生菌在腹型过敏性紫癜中临床应用的研究进展

过敏性紫癜(HSP)是儿童最常见的自身免疫性疾病之一,临床表现除皮疹外以消化道症状最为常见,严重影响患儿的生活质量。临床上治疗腹型HSP主要以糖皮质激素和抗组胺药物为主,但只能缓解病情,不能达到根治的目的,同时还存在一定的副作用。最近有学者对腹型HSP患者中肠道微生物区系中的细菌数量进行精确测量,发现腹型HSP可能与肠道菌群失调有关。益生菌是一类在适当摄入数量会对宿主机体带来益处的活的微生物,是调节机体微生态平衡的有效途径,可通过多种途径来增强肠道屏障功能、提高机体自身免疫力和降低变态反应性,从而使其在腹型HSP中具有治疗潜力。本文对益生菌在腹型HSP中的临床应用作一综述。     

儿童过敏性紫癜发病的危险因素研究

为了探讨儿童过敏性紫癜发病的危险因素,本研究选取了2015年7月至2017年6月在本院治疗的过敏性紫癜患儿118例作为观察组研究对象,同时选取健康正常儿童120例作为对照组,调查分析两组微生物感染、食物过敏、药物过敏史等资料,同时观察治疗疗效。研究显示,观察组的幽门螺杆菌(Hp)、肺炎支原体、链球菌感染率和螨虫阳性率分别为61.02%、16.10%、10.17%和13.56%,明显高于对照组(p<0.05);观察组对牛奶、鸡蛋、虾过敏的比例分别为9.32%、11.02%和8.47%,明显高于对照组(p<0.05);观察组有药物过敏史、家中饲养猫、狗等动物、家中近3个月装修的比例为22.88%、45.76%和17.80%,明显高于对照组(p<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,Hp感染是发生过敏性紫癜的危险因素(OR=1.613, p<0.05);Hp感染和无Hp感染患者治疗疗效差异比较无统计学意义(p>0.05)。本研究表明,Hp感染可能是儿童过敏性紫癜发生的影响因素,但Hp感染对治疗疗效无明显影响。     

过敏性紫癜患儿急性期免疫学指标的变化及意义

目的:探讨过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿急性期淋巴细胞亚群和免疫球蛋白的变化及其临床意义.方法:采用流式细胞仪(FCM)和全自动生化分析仪检测46例HSP患儿和30例健康儿童外周血淋巴细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8、CD19、CD16+56和免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG及补体C3、CA.结果:与健康儿童组比较,HSP患儿外周血CD4、CD4/CD8、CD16+56细胞水平明显降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);CD8、CD19水平明显升高(P＜0.05).36/46(78.3%)HSP患儿出现血清IgA、IgG或IgM水平异常.免疫球蛋白异常的HSP患儿有16/36(44.4%)出现肾脏或者消化道并发症,而免疫球蛋白正常的HSP患儿有2/10(20.0%)出现肾或者消化道并发症(P＜0.05).32/46(69.6%)HSP患儿血清IgA水平升高,其中10/32(31.3%)例HSP患儿出现紫癜性肾炎(HSPN);而血清IgA水平正常HSP患儿有1/14(7.1%)出现HSPN(P＜0.01).结论:HSP患儿急性期存在细胞和体液免疫功能紊乱.IgA升高患儿易出现肾脏或者消化道并发症.     

无线遥测和刺激技术建立兔房颤模型的探索

目的探索一种在无线遥测和刺激技术基础上的兔房颤模型的制作。方法新西兰兔皮下植入自主研发的植入式遥测刺激器,植入式遥测刺激器的制作是以TI公司（德州仪器）的MSP单片机和TI公司的RF无线收发芯片CC2250为核心开发设计。优化植入系统设计以满足新西兰兔房颤模型建立的探索实验;植入子植入新西兰兔腹部皮下,采集电极留置于左上肢和右上肢腋下皮下,两个刺激电极分别缝合于左心耳和左心房上,通过无线收发采集和刺激信号;实现利用Powerlab生理记录仪连续监测体表I导联心电信号,并通过专用计算机程序刺激软件,发放间歇（刺激2 s,暂停2 s）高频（频率20 Hz）阈上（强度2 mA,脉宽1 ms）刺激,若间歇期内出现房颤,则人为干预中止刺激,若转为窦性心律,则继续刺激。结果植入式遥测刺激器在体内可稳定工作（包括采集模拟心电信号和发放刺激）30 d,植入新西兰兔体内刺激3周后可诱导出房颤,持续时间〉48 h。结论用新西兰兔代替比格犬建立基于无线遥测和刺激基础上的房颤模型是完全可行的,同时也体现了动物福利优化和替代原则。     

兔食管静脉曲张模型的建立

目的建立新西兰兔的食管静脉曲张模型,为下一步的临床研究提供可靠的小型动物模型。方法采用门静脉左支完全夹闭法造模,并通过外观、超声、胃镜等检查检验手段对造模结果加以评估。结果术后8周存活动物100%可见食管静脉曲张。结论通过门静脉左支夹闭法,基本可以建立兔食管静脉曲张模型。     

孟鲁司特钠联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片对小儿过敏性紫癜的疗效

目的 对孟鲁司特钠联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的临床疗效进行分析。方法 选取2015年3月1日至2018年3月31日我院收治的96例过敏性紫癜患儿为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为A组、B组、C组、D组,每组24例。A组患儿施以常规临床治疗,B组在A组基础上给予孟鲁司特钠治疗、C组在A组基础上给予双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗、D组在A组基础上施以孟鲁司特钠联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗,4组患儿持续用药至出院后2个月。结果 A组患儿治疗有效率为66.67%,皮肤紫癜消失时间为（10.49±3.01）d,关节肿痛消失时间为（5.87±1.56）d,腹痛消失时间为（4.05±1.28）d,Alb水平为（27.11±7.80）mg/L,β2-MG水平为（0.31±0.15）mg/L,治疗后复发率为29.17%。D组患儿治疗有效率为91.67%、皮肤紫癜消失时间为（6.98±2.57）d,关节肿痛消失时间为（3.07±1.04）d,腹痛消失时间为（2.77±1.05）d,Alb水平为（22.00±8.47）mg/L,β2-MG水平为（0.19±0.06）mg/L,治疗后复发率为4.17%。D组患儿各指标与A组比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。B、C组患儿治疗有效率高于A组,但低于D组。B、C组患儿皮肤紫癜消失时间、关节肿痛消失时间、腹痛消失时间与A组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,与D组相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 孟鲁司特钠联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片对小儿过敏性紫癜的疗效显著,能减少患儿不良反应发生,促进患儿恢复健康,值得临床推广。     

Post-operative course in a surgical model of acute myocardial infarction in the rabbit

This study was undertaken to evaluate the post-operative (post-OP) course of rabbits in a surgical model of myocardial infarction (MI). Ten New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to coronary artery ligation after lateral thoracotomy. Anesthesia was delivered using a xylazine-ketamine-isoflurane protocol after endotracheal intubation. Among other cardiorespiratory parameters, arterial pressure was monitored via central ear artery catheterization. Post-OP care included oxygen, antibiotic and analgesic treatment as well as nutritional and fluid support. A series of cardiorespiratory, hematological, blood biochemical and clinical parameters were assessed during the first 21 days. The mortality rate was 10%. Hypotension and hypothermia, noted during the operation, reverted within the first few post-MI hours. Electrocardiographic alterations, which included ST segment elevation and Q wave, appeared after MI and remained throughout the study period. Tachycardia was observed during the first 5 days. Hematological examination revealed mild and transient anemia during the post-OP period and leucocytosis up to the 5th day. Urea was increased up to the 12th post-MI hour while increased AST, ALT, LDH and CK levels normalized by the first 4-5 days. Although the post-OP anorexia period lasted around 5 days, the animals did not manage to regain their body weight by the end of the study period. In conclusion, the present model offers a low mortality rate and could be useful in mid- or long-term MI studies. The animals go through a critical post-OP period of around 5 days during which special care should be given. After that time, their clinical and blood laboratory parameters tend to normalize.     

兔附件扭转模型的建立及其意义探讨

目的 建立一种操作简单、病变典型、稳定性好的兔在体附件扭转模型并探讨保留卵巢术后卵巢的病理变化和iNOS的改变.方法 40只日本大耳白兔采用随机数字法分为附件扭转(adnexal torsion,AT)模型组(n=32)和对照组(n=8).模型组兔将左侧附件按顺时针方向扭转3周,避开血管,以4/0丝线横穿扭转形成的3个螺旋圈后固定于左侧腹壁,然后再将之分成4组,每组8只,分别于扭转24、48、72、96h后解除扭转后取双侧卵巢;对照组假手术后96h后取双侧卵巢.所有切除之右侧卵巢组织行病理学研究的内对照,左侧卵巢取1/2行病理检测,另1/2行iNOS生化水平检测.结果 左侧附件扭转3周固定左侧腹壁24 h后可见卵巢充血、炎细胞浸润、细胞水肿;48h见较多的炎细胞浸润,细胞结构紊乱;72 h见大量炎细胞浸润,结构损坏和局灶性坏死;96 h见弥漫性细胞坏死;卵巢组织病理评分呈现相同的时相性变化.各组iNOS生化检测水平(左侧vs.右侧),AT组[24 h(3.542±0.987) vs.(1.521±0.214) U/mgprot,P＜0.01;48 h(4.986±1.321) vs.(1.832±0.321) U/mgprot,P＜0.01;72 h(7.991±1.832) vs.(1.124±0.357)U/mgprot,P＜0.01;96 h(6.991±1.227) vs.(1.732±0.572)U/mgprot,P＜0.01].且AT组卵巢均有iNOS不同程度表达,72 h组表达达高峰,96 h下降.结论 成功地制备兔附件扭转模型,方法简单、病变典型、重复性好,可模拟女性附件扭转的病理生理过程,对进一步研究附件扭转具有重要意义.初步认为附件扭转72h后卵巢发生不可逆改变,是临床处理附件扭转并保留卵巢的时间临界点.     

Establishment of an allergic rhinitis model in mice for the evaluation of nasal symptoms

The purpose of our study was to establish a new model of allergic rhinitis in mice, eliciting symptoms such as sneezing, infiltration of eosinophils into the nasal mucosa, and antigen-specific IgE production. One of the major human T-cell epitopes in Cry j 1, an allergen of Japanese cedar pollen, is also a major murine T-cell epitope in B10.S mice. Thus we tried to establish an allergic rhinitis model in B10.S mice with Cry j 1 as the antigen. We sensitized B10.S mice subcutaneously with Cry j 1/alum three times at intervals of 1 week. Five weeks after the final sensitization, we challenged the mice by instilling Cry j 1 intranasally from the day after intranasal histamine pretreatment. Soon after, we counted the number of sneezes. We then evaluated the infiltration of eosinophils into the nasal tissues and also measured the serum levels of antigen-specific IgE antibody. In addition, we confirmed the effects of ketotifen fumarate and dexamethasone hydrochloride on these animals. In Cry j 1-sensitized B10.S mice, sneezes, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity in nasal tissues, and Cry j 1-specific IgE clearly increased after intranasal histamine pretreatment and 5 days of continuous intranasal Cry j 1 challenge. Both ketotifen and dexamethasone inhibited the increase in sneezing, and dexamethasone also inhibited EPO activity and Cry j 1-specific IgE. Thus we succeeded in establishing a new model of allergic rhinitis in Cry j 1-sensitized B10.S mice, which exhibited sneezing, eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa, and Cry j 1-specific IgE production.     

A murine model for human immune thrombocytopenic purpura and comparative analysis of multiple gene expression in bone marrow and spleen

Homeostasis of platelet number in human and other mammals is well maintained for prevention of minor bleeding and for other immunological functions,but the exact molecular mechanism responsible for immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) has not been fully understood.In an effort to identify genetic factors involved in initiation of platelet production in response to bleeding injury or platelet destruction,we have successfully generated an animal model of human ITP via intraperitoneal injection of anti-platele...     

Augmentation and repair tissue formation of the nucleus pulposus after partial nucleotomy in a rabbit model

Disc degeneration alters disc height and mechanics of the spinal column and is associated with lower back pain. In preclinical studies gel-like materials or resorbable polymer-based implants are frequently used to rebuild the nucleus pulposus, aiming at tissue regeneration and restoration of tissue function. To compare the outcome of tissue repair, freeze-dried resorbable polyglycolic acid–hyaluronan (PGA/HA) implants without any bioactive components or bioactivated fibrin (fibrin-serum) was used in a degenerated disc disease model in New Zealand white rabbits. Animals with partial nucleotomy only served as controls. The T2-weighted/fat suppression sequence signal intensity in the nuclear region of operated discs as assessed by magnet resonance imaging was reduced in operated compared to healthy discs, indicating loss of water and did not change from week 1 to month 6 after surgery. Quantification of histological and immunohistochemical staining indicated that the implantation of PGA/HA leads to significantly more repair tissue compared to nucleotomy only. Type II collagen content of the repair tissue formed after PGA/HA or fibrin-serum treatment is significantly increased compared to controls with nucleotomy only. The data indicate that intervertebral disc augmentation after nucleotomy has a positive effect on repair tissue formation and type II collagen deposition as shown in the rabbit model.     

PolarCath cryoplasty enhances smooth muscle cell apoptosis in a rabbit iliac artery model: an experimental in vivo controlled study

Purpose

To in vivo investigate the histological response after single and double cryoplasty therapy in a rabbit iliac artery model.

Materials and methods

In total, 40 New Zealand White rabbits underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the iliac artery using either PolarCath balloon or a conventional angioplasty balloon of equal diameter. Arterial injury, inflammatory response and smooth muscle cells (SMC) apoptosis with the TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling) immunohistochemical assay were analyzed. Rabbits were divided between single or double balloon inflation and histological results were compared between cryoplasty and control angioplasty both at 30 min and 72 h.

Results

Arterial injury and wall inflammation scores were low and similar between cryoplasty and control groups after single and double balloon inflation. Compared to conventional balloon angioplasty, Polarcath cryoplasty demonstrated superior SMC apoptosis after single inflation at 30 min [12.0 ± 1.2 cells/(0.025 mm)2 vs 7.0 ± 1.5 cells/(0.025 mm)², p = 0.002], single inflation at 72 h [9.0 ± 1.0 cells/(0.025 mm)² vs 5.4 ± 1.4 cells/(0.025 mm)², p = 0.001], double inflation at 30 min [11.6 ± 1.5 cells/(0.025 mm)² vs 6.8 ± 1.4 cells/(0.025 mm)², p = 0.001] and double inflation at 72 h [9.2 ± 0.8 cells/(0.025 mm)² vs 5.0 ± 0.7 cells/(0.025 mm)², p = 0.001]. There were no significant differences in apoptosis between single and double cryoplasty application at 30 min and 72 h.

Conclusion

Cryoplasty demonstrated superior rates of SMC apoptosis at 30 min and 72 h and was associated to relatively low arterial injury and inflammation scores. An immediate second PolarCath inflation did not achieve superior apoptosis.